Objective

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To explore cough cases recorded in ancient traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) books based on the Rules of Latent Structure Differentiation.

Method

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The 9 323 cough cases in the database of ancient TCM books and pulmonary diseases were extracted. At first

Lantern 5.0 software was used to construct the top 120 TCM hidden structure model with the frequency>100. Then

the obtained hidden variables were comprehensively clustered and interpreted.

Result

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The 46 hidden variables and 114 hidden classes were obtained through the modeling of 120 traditional Chinese medicines. According to the bayesian information measure (BIC) score

the model score was -161 242.92. The model diagram was formed with Y0

Y5

Y7

Y13

Y35 and Y38 as the cores

and Y36

Y38

Y24

Y19 and Y17 involved 4 hidden classes. Ten comprehensive clustering models were summarized according to the hidden structure flow chart

among which the highest score of Z5 external cold and internal decoction syndrome was 8.4

indicating that the result of syndrome differentiation rules of Z5 had a high degree of support

and the highest mutual information degree and information coverage of Pinellia sinensis were 0.31 and 63%. Z2 had a low score for the syndrome of deficiency of lung qi and Yin

which was -2， and Schisandra had the lowest score of -15

indicating that the syndrome differentiation rules of Z2 was less supportive. Forsythia and Notopterygium both had the highest score of Z6 wind-heat attack lung syndrome and Z10 phlegm and blood-stasis pulmonary syndrome

which was 19.1

indicating that these two TCMs had a great contribution to it. According to the test

the common syndromes of cough were cold and dryness attacking the lung

kidney-Yin deficiency

kidney-Yin deficiency of the lung

cold and internal decoction

wind heat invading the lung

liver fire invading the lung

lung heat burning

phlegm-dampness blocking the lung

phlegm-stasis blocking the lung. The newly discovered cough syndromes were external cold and internal rheum syndrome and phlegm-stasis blocking the lung syndrome.

Conclusion

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Based on the syndrome differentiation rules of hidden structure

the improved classification of cough syndromes provides ideas for the demonstration of tacit knowledge of TCM and methodological reference for the improvement of syndromes of other diseases

and is conducive to the development of valuable new prescriptions.