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1.广州中医药大学 科技创新中心,广州 510405
2.广东食品药品职业学院 中医保健学院,广州 510520
Received:23 October 2024,
Accepted:25 December 2024,
Published Online:27 December 2024,
Published:05 April 2025
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康舒悦,喻燕姿,孙家群等.基于AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3通路研究不同剂型开心散改善线粒体功能防治认知障碍的作用机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(07):15-24.
KANG Shuyue,YU Yanzi,SUN Jiaqun,et al.Mechanism of Different Dosage Forms of Kaixinsan in Improving Mitochondrial Function for Prevention and Treatment of Cognitive Disorder Based on AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(07):15-24.
康舒悦,喻燕姿,孙家群等.基于AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3通路研究不同剂型开心散改善线粒体功能防治认知障碍的作用机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(07):15-24. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250104.
KANG Shuyue,YU Yanzi,SUN Jiaqun,et al.Mechanism of Different Dosage Forms of Kaixinsan in Improving Mitochondrial Function for Prevention and Treatment of Cognitive Disorder Based on AMPK/PGC-1α/SIRT3 Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(07):15-24. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250104.
目的
2
研究不同剂型开心散(KXS)对阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠线粒体形态和功能的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。
方法
2
雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,KXS汤剂、散剂、配方颗粒剂组(3.08 g·kg
-1
),多奈哌齐组(0.51 mg·kg
-1
),每组各10只。采用双侧侧脑室注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)构建AD模型大鼠,连续给药30 d进行行为学检测,透射电镜观察线粒体形态,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测线粒体呼吸链复合物含量,JC-1染色法检测线粒体膜电位变化,生化试剂盒检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、活性氧(ROS)含量,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体
γ
辅激活因子-1
α
(PGC-1
α
)、沉默信息调节因子3(SIRT3) mRNA表达,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测视神经萎缩1蛋白(OPA1)、线粒体分裂蛋白1(FIS1)、AMPK、磷酸化(p)-AMPK、PGC-1
α
、SIRT3蛋白表达。
结果
2
与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠识别指数、自发交替反应率、逃避潜伏期、穿越平台次数、目标象限停留时间及目标象限路程占总路程百分比明显降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),海马组织线粒体损伤明显,线粒体呼吸链复合物含量显著减少(
P
<
0.01)、线粒体膜电位明显降低(
P
<
0.05),SOD活力降低、ROS含量升高(
P
<
0.01),PGC-1
α
、SIRT3 mRNA表达显著减少(
P
<
0.01),OPA1、p-AMPK/AMPK、PGC-1
α
、SIRT3蛋白表达降低,FIS1蛋白表达明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01);与模型组比较,KXS各剂型组大鼠行为学指标明显改善(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),海马组织线粒体损伤减轻,内脊排列较清晰,线粒体呼吸链复合物含量明显增加(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),线粒体膜电位升高(
P
<
0.05),SOD活力升高、ROS含量明显降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),PGC-1
α
、SIRT3 mRNA表达
升高,OPA1、p-AMPK/AMPK、PGC-1
α
、SIRT3蛋白表达升高,FIS1蛋白表达明显降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01);KXS各剂型组间比较,配方颗粒剂组大鼠自发交替反应率高于汤剂组和散剂组(
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
KXS汤剂、散剂及配方颗粒剂均能提高大鼠的学习记忆能力,配方颗粒剂效果较佳,作用机制可能与激活AMPK/PGC-1
α
/SIRT3信号通路、改善线粒体功能进而改善脑部能量代谢障碍有关。
Objective
2
To explore the effects of different dosage forms of Kaixinsan (KXS) on the morphology and function of mitochondria in rat models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and potential mechanisms of action.
Methods
2
Male SD rats were randomly assigned to a sham group, model group, treatment groups receiving KXS decoction, powders, and granules (3.08 g·kg
-1
), as well as donepezil group (0.51×10
-3
g·kg
-1
), with 10 rats in each group. AD model was created using intracerebroventricular injection of streptozocin (STZ). After 30 days of administration, behavioral assessments were conducted, and mitochondrial morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex content was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were measured via JC-1 staining, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured via biochemical assays. The mRNA expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1
α
(PGC-1
α
), and silent information regulator 3 (SIRT3) was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), and Western blot was used to examine the protein expression levels of optic atrophy protein1 (OPA1), mitochondrial fission protein 1 (FIS1), AMPK, p-AMPK, PGC-1
α
, and SIRT3.
Results
2
Compared with the sham
group, rats in the model group had significantly lower recognition index, spontaneous alternation rate, escape latency, number of platform crossings, time spent in the target quadrant, and percentage of distance traveled in the target quadrant distance (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Significant mitochondrial damage was observed in the hippocampal tissue, with a marked decrease in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex content (
P
<
0.01) and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (
P
<
0.05). Additionally, the SOD activity was reduced, while ROS levels were elevated (
P
<
0.01). The mRNA expression of PGC-1
α
and SIRT3 was significantly downregulated (
P
<
0.01), along with decreased protein expression levels of OPA1, p-AMPK/AMPK, PGC-1
α
, and SIRT3, whereas FIS1 protein expression was significantly upregulated (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, rats in KXS-treated groups (various dosage forms) showed significant improvement in behavioral indexes (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), reduced hippocampal mitochondrial damage, and more organized mitochondrial cristae. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex content was significantly increased (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), and mitochondrial membrane potentials were elevated (
P
<
0.05). SOD activity was elevated, and ROS levels were significantly reduced (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of PGC-1
α
and SIRT3 was upregulated, with increased protein levels of OPA1, p-AMPK/AMPK, PGC-1
α
, and SIRT3, while FIS1 protein expression levels were significantly reduced (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Across the KXS-treated groups, the granule group showed a higher spontaneous alternation rate than the decoction and pow
der groups (
P
<
0.05).
Conclusion
2
KXS decoction, powders, and granules can improve the learning and memory ability of rats, with granules being the most effective. The mechanism of action may involve activation of the AMPK/PGC-1
α
/SIRT3 signaling pathway, improvement of the mitochondrial function, and subsequent amelioration of the brain energy metabolism disorders.
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