Abstract:Qingfei Paidu decoction has a remarkable clinical effect, which has been recommended by the Diagnosis and Treatment Plan of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Sixth Edition) of the National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In this paper, the authors intend to explore the pathogenesis of cold pestilence of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and composition mechanism of Qingfei Paidu decoction, and believe that this formula can be used to relieve internal and external pressure and regulate triple energizer with the functions of promoting lung Qi, dispelling evil and detoxification, moistening and dampening, and purging heat by removing water. This formula is suitable for the pathogenesis of COVID-19, including cold, dryness and dampness, and can effectively treat symptoms. Therefore, it should be widely used throughout the country to contain the spread of the epidemic.
Abstract:ObjectivePotential targets and pathways of Qingfei Paidu decoction(QFPD)for treating coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19) were analyzed based on the integrative pharmacology,the efficacy and material basis was predicted.This study provide a reference for the development and clinical application of QFPD.MethodBased on the integrative pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine(TCMIP V2.0),the key targets and pathways of the intervention of QFPD on COVID-19 were enriched,the interaction network of "formula-herb-disease-targets-pathways" was constructed to explored the molecular mechanism of QFPD for the treatment of COVID-19.ResultThe research results show that key-targets such as cell tumor antigen p53(tp53),protein kinase B1(Akt1),Nuclear factor nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)p105 subunit(NFKB1),nuclear factor p65 subunit(RELA),human NF-κB inhibited protein α(NFKBIA),ect.Closely associated with lung damage.The pathways such as interleukin signaling,adrenoceptors,7 members of the family of c-type lectin domains A(CLEC7A)/inflammasome pathway,phosphoinositide-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)inflammatory signaling pathway,tp53 regulates transcription of DNA repair ect. may be the key pathways related with QFPD's effect on the treatment of COVID-19 accompany with lung injury, fever, cough and other symptoms.The results show that QFPD has many clinical effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, strengthening immunity, inhibit the development of pulmonary fibrosis, protecting heart and lungs, treating asthma, regulating gastrointestinal tract, etc.In addition, there is a good synergism between the original prescription and the combined prescription, and each original prescription has its own emphasiscan prevention and treatment of COVID-19.ConclusionQFPD plays a role in balancing immunity and eliminating inflammation,and it can treat COVID-19 by multi-pathway,multi-channel,multi-target and multi-link.This study also provides a new idea for the research of prevention and treatment of modern infectious diseases by use the traditional Chinese medicine.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical efficacy of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJD capsule) combined with western medicine in the treatment of common coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).MethodBy the usage propensity score matching, the clinical data of COVID-19 patients with common COVID-19 admitted to Wuhan third hospital from January 27, 2020 (solstice) to March 5, 2020, were screened out. Thirty-four patients with SFJD capsule combined with conventional therapy according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in treatment group, and 34 patients treated with conventional therapy were enrolled in control group. The disappearance rate of main symptoms (fever, cough, expectoration and fatigue), days of syndrome disappearance, effective rate and disappearance rate of other symptoms, laboratory indexes before treatment and after 7 days′ treatment, effective rate of computed tomography (CT) of the lungs, rate of COVID-19 severe transformation and hospitalization time between the two groups were compared.ResultThe baseline data between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference, and was comparable. After 7 days of treatment, the symptom disappearance rate of cough, sputum, fatigue, chest tightness and panting in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The average days of disappearance of main symptoms in treatment group was significantly less than that in control group (P<0.05). The effective rate of main symptom was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). In treatment group, 8.8%(3/34) of the patients were transferred to severe disease, while 26.5%(9/34) of the patients in control group were transferred to severe disease, with statistically significant differences. After treatment for 7 days, lymphocytes in treatment group significantly increased (P<0.05), C-reactive protein significantly decreased (P<0.05), procalcitonin level significantly decreased (P<0.05), and D-dimer level significantly decreased (P<0.05), while lymphocytes in control group significantly increased (P<0.05), and c-reactive protein significantly decreased (P<0.05). The improvement rate of pulmonary CT in treatment group was 91.2%(31/34), which was significantly higher than 70.6%(24/34) in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, both groups were cured and discharged, the average length of stay in treatment group was (15.53±2.63) d, which was (16.35±4.98) d in control group,with no statistically significant difference. No adverse events occurred in treatment group, but 3 cases occurred in control group.ConclusionSFJD capsule combined with western medicine can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of normal COVID-19 patients, such as cough, sputum, fatigue, chest distress and shortness of breath, alleviate the main symptoms effectively, regulate the expressions of relevant peripheral inflammation, promote the absorption of lung inflammation, and improve the cure rate, which indicates that SFJD capsule can be effectively in the treatment of patients with common COVID-19.
Abstract:Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious disease caused by a 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection. It is highly contagious, and can spread quickly home and abroad. It has caused a global pandemic. After the outbreak, Gansu province actively responded to the national "integrated Chinese and western medicine(ICWM)" epidemic prevention policy by organizing an expert group on the prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and establishing a joint working mechanism of ICWM. In adherence to the principle of ICWM, it highlighted the advantages of TCM in epidemic prevention, and emphasized early, timely and whole course use of TCM. The expert group continued to summarize in practice and form a series of "Gansu prescriptions", so as to explore the prevention and control strategy of "prevention in advance, timely interruption and reversal, early prevention and cure, and cure in early stage". Before illness, the prevention shall be made in advance by taking Fuzheng Biwen prescription based on constitution differentiation, in order to strengthen the body resistance and removing pathogenic Qi, after the onset, the syndromes were first treated, interrupted and reversed, and Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription and Qingfei Tongluo prescription were administered based on syndrome differentiation, so as to exorcise pathogenic Qi and cure COVID-19 at the early stage, at the beginning stage of recovery, Jianpi Yifei prescription was used to strengthen the spleen and lungs, and harmonize the stomach and resolve dampness, so as to prevent recurrence. In the principle of ICWM, "Gansu prescriptions" were selected based on the constitution differentiation and syndrome differentiation, so as to prevent the occurrence of epidemics, block light and common symptoms from developing to heavy and critical symptoms, improve the clinical efficacy, shorten the course of disease, and reduce the incidence of critical illness, thereby reducing mortality.
Keywords:coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19);traditional Chinese medicine;strategies;Gansu prescriptions
Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription in the treatment of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).MethodA total of 40 patients with COVID-19 were selected and treated with Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription. The changes of body temperature, clinical symptoms, computed tomography (CT), blood routine and biochemical indexes were observed before and after treatment.ResultThe 40 patients included 15 males and 25 females, with a male to female ratio of 1∶1.7. They were aged between 20-94 years old, with the average age of (43.9±16.3) years old. The course of disease was 8-23 days, with the average of (14±4.4) days. Compared with before administration, the patients' clinical symptoms, such as cough, fever, sputum, diarrhea, loss of appetite and fatigue, were all improved (P<0.05). Before treatment the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes of patients were mainly cold dampness lung (57.5%) and cold dampness Lung (42.5%), and the tongue coating was mainly white greasy coating (52.9%). After adjuvant treatment with Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription, the fever removal time was (2.48±2.56) days; white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), neutrophil percentage (NEUT%), absolute value of lymphocytes (LYM #) indexes of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total bilirubin (TBIL), ratio of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase to glutamic pyruvic transaminase (AST/ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were basically restored to the normal range (P<0.05) compared with before administration. After adjuvant treatment with Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription, the results of three pharyngeal test virus nucleic acid tests were negative, and the lung CT showed that infected lesions were absorbed and all met the discharge criteria. All 40 patients met the discharge criteria and were all cured and discharged, with a cure rate of 100%. There has been no case of recurrence with a positive result of nucleic acid detection so far. The score of symptom and clinical index of patients after administration was (1.62±1.90), which was significantly lower than that before administration (7.65±4.08, P<0.05).ConclusionIn the adjuvant treatment of COVID-19, Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription can reduce body temperature, promote the absorption of pulmonary inflammation, and improve clinical symptoms, such as fever and cough.
Keywords:Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription;coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19);symptom;treatment with traditional Chinese medicine;efficacy
Abstract:ObjectiveStructure-based angiotension converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and interleukin-6R (IL-6R) were taken as the target proteins to in the investigation of the material basis of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription in the treatment of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) by molecular docking.MethodThe compounds in Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription were retrieved through TCMSP. Structure-based ACE2 and IL-6R were taken as the target proteins to screen out the compounds with a better activity by molecular docking, and analyze structural properties of these compounds. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanism of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription in the treatment of COVID-19 was analyzed by target reverse prediction.ResultThere were 312 potentially active compounds in Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription, including 75 highly active compounds and 15 highly active compounds for ACE2. There were 100 eligible active compounds and 3 highly active compounds for IL-6R, most of which belong to flavonoids. The herb-component-target network included 10 herbs, 126 compounds and 130 targets. String analysis showed that PIK3R1, SRC, AKT1, AR and EGFR might be the key targets of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription.ConclusionBased on the virtual screening of multi-target molecular docking, the anti-virus and anti-inflammatory material basis of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription was preliminarily obtained. At the same time, based on the reverse prediction and analysis, potential targets and molecular mechanism of the recipe in the treatment of COVID-19 were explored, so as to provide clues for the multi-angle mining of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription and its relevant prescriptions and the modernization development of monomer components.
Abstract:ObjectiveThe targets and signaling pathways of Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription (XFHZP) for the treatment of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) were explored, and its possible action mechanisms were described through network pharmacology and basic analysis of modern pharmacology.MethodThe compounds and targets in XFHZP were collected through TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases. The targets of COVID-19 were studied by GeneCards, NCBI and CTD databases. The PPI network was constructed through STRING database. The networks of "herb-meridian" and "traditional Chinese medicines-compounds-targets-disease" were generated by Cytoscape 3.7.0. Then, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analysis and Gene Ontology(GO) analysis were made for shared targets through the Omicshare platform. In addition, the disease targets of multiple organ injury, immune injury and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were retrieved and then mapped with XFHZP. The ratio of intersection targets to XFHZP's targets was calculated.ResultXFHZP has 10 traditional Chinese medicines in total, including 6 medicines with the meridian tropism to lung, 5 medicines with the meridian tropism to the spleen and 5 medicines with the meridian tropism to the stomach. There were 409 compounds and 2 271 targets. There were 8 same inflammatory factors in targets between XFHZP and COVID-19, and each inflammatory factor corresponded to multiple compounds. XFHZP and COVID-19 had 135 intersection targets, and 36 key targets were screened out. A total of 172 signaling pathways were screened out through KEGG signal pathway enrichment (P<0.05). There were 4 000 biological processes, 254 cell components, and 408 molecular functions (P<0.05) according to GO analysis. XFHZP had many common targets with various organ damage targets and immune damage targets, with the ratio of about 7.6%-97.8%. XFHZP had 173 intersection targets with SARS.ConclusionXFHZP may treat COVID-19 through anti-inflammatory, organ protecting and immune effects. It will provide a certain theoretical basis for the development of drugs for COVID-19.
Keywords:coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19);Xuanfei Huazhuo prescription;bioinformatics;multiple organ injury;cytokine storm
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Gualou Xiebai Banxiatang(GXBT) on cardiac function and myocardial fibrosis in rats after myocardial infarction.MethodThe 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, sham group and surgical group, and 6 males in blank group and sham operation group. The model of phlegm obstruction in myocardial infarction of rats was replicated by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery and high fat diet, and the successful rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: model group, GXBT group and acertil group. In the sham group, only the threading was not ligated. The blank group and the sham group and the model group were given 10 mL·kg-1·d-1 of normal saline, and 2.68 g·kg-1·d-1 of the GXBT group were given intragastric administration,and 0.36 mg·kg-1·d-1 was given intragastrically in acertil group. After 4 weeks of model, the heart function was detected by heart ultrasound to verify the success of the model. After 8 weeks, the heart function of the heart of the rat was detected by heart ultrasound again, and then the samples were sacrificed. The pathological changes of the myocardial cells of the rats were observed with hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, and the degree of myocardial fibrosis in the rats was observed by Masson staining. The changes of serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) in rat serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method, and the expression of Gal-3, Collagen Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ) and Collagen Ⅲ (Col-Ⅲ) was detected by Western blot.ResultCompared with blank group and sham group, the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and short-axis shortening rate (FS) of model group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the increase of the myocardial collagen fibers, the contents of BNP and Gal-3 in the serum were increased (P<0.05). The expression of Gal-3,Col-Ⅰ and Col-Ⅲ in the myocardial tissue increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, EF and FS of GXPD were significantly increased (P<0.05), the morphological structure of myocardial cells was improved, the collagen fiber was decreased. The expression of BNP and Gal-3 in serum decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the content of Gal-3, Col-Ⅰ and Col-Ⅲ in myocardial tissue was decreased (P<0.05).ConclusionGualou Xiebai Banxiatang can improve cardiac function, reduce myocardial fibrosis and slow down the process of heart failure after myocardial infarction in rats with myocardial infarction. Its mechanism may be related to the decrease of Gal-3 expression.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the spectrum-effect relationship of effect of material components in Shaoyao Gancaotang on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in brain tissue of epileptic mice, and to reveal the material basis of the antiepileptic effect of Shaoyao Gancaotang.MethodHPLC was used to establish the fingerprint of 15 batches of Shaoyao Gancaotang, the mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution (B) for gradient elution (0-15 min, 19%A; 15-45 min, 19%A-50%A; 45-46 min, 50%A-90%A; 46-48 min, 90%A), the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and the detection wavelength was 237 nm. The mouse epilepsy model was induced by penicillin, the protective effect of 15 batches of Shaoyao Gancaotang on MDA, SOD and ATPase levels in brain tissue of epileptic mice was investigated. Grey correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the peak areas of characteristic peaks in the fingerprint of 15 batches of Shaoyao Gancaotang and three pharmacodynamic indexes (the activities of MDA, SOD and ATPase), and the mathematical model of spectrum-effect relationship between different material components and pharmacodynamic indexes was established.ResultShaoyao Gancaotang could increase the contents of ATPase and SOD and reduce the content of MDA in the brain tissue of epileptic mice, and most of the differences were significant (P<0.05, P<0.01). There were 28 common peaks in the fingerprint of 15 batches of Shaoyao Gancaotang, and 15 of them were characteristic peaks. Grey correlation analysis found that the characteristic peaks contributed to the activities of MDA, SOD and ATPase included peak 2 (albiflorin), peak 3 (paeoniflorin), peak 5 (liquiritin), and so on, the specific ranking was peak 3>peak 6>peak 12>peak 8>peak 2>peak 5>peak 9>peak 4>peak 10>peak 7>peak 13>peak 11>peak 15>peak 1>peak 14.ConclusionShaoyao Gancaotang can affect the activities of SOD, MDA and ATPase in brain tissue of epileptic mice by multi-component synergy. Simultaneously, introducing the grey correlation analysis into the correlation evaluation of the spectrum-effect relationship between components and efficacy of Chinese herbal compounds, it can objectively reflect the essence of the synergistic action of multiple components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and it is an effective analysis method for screening and predicting the pharmacodynamic components of TCM.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo characterize the structure of polysaccharide isolated from Linggui Zhugan Tang(LGZGT),including monosaccharide composition and functional group detection, investigate the difference of the antioxidant activities of crude polysaccharide(CP) and pure polysaccharide(PP), and provide the basis for the quality evaluation of LGZGT by in vitro bioassay.MethodThe average molecular weight of CP was analyzed by high performance gel chromatography(HPGPC). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) were employed to determine the structure of the polysaccharide. The antioxidant activities of CP and PP samples were evaluated on the basis of 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity and OH radical scavenging activity.ResultThe total polysaccharide was composed of single peaks, with a molecular weight of 3 689 Da. It was mainly composed of arabinose, mannose, glucose, galactose and fructose with a molar ratio of 6.85∶1.00∶109.21∶1.04∶21.82. Among them,glucose and fructose were the predominant components. In addition, IR study indicated the presence of pyranose and anomeric configurations in glycan structure, with two stereoisomers of glycosidic bond (α-glycosidic bond and β-glycosidic bond). It was found that the total polysaccharide had the ability of scavenging DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, and the activity of crude polysaccharide was better than that of refined polysaccharide. It was found in antioxidant research that the total polysaccharide had the ability of scavenging DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, and the activity of CP was better than that of PP. Furthermore, LC-Q-TOF-MS was used to qualitatively analyze the other components in CP, which indicated that it was related to the adsorption of pentacyclic triterpenoids in Glycyrrhiza uralensis.ConclusionThe polysaccharides and pentacyclic triterpenoids in LGZGT are the material basis for the antioxidative effect of LGZGT. The antioxidative activity determined by in vitro bioassay can be used as an evaluation index for the overall quality control of LGZGT.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the effect of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction and its deficiency tonifying and pathogen eliminating components on renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO rats.MethodA rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was established through ligation of a unilateral ureter. The rats were divided into six groups: sham operation group, model group, benazepril group, Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction group, Buxufang group, and phlegm group, with 24 rats in each group. On the third day after operation, the rats in the Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction group, Buxufang group, and phlegm group were given Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction concentrating agent at a dose of 8.0 g·kg-1·d-1, the rats in the benazepril group were given benazepril 1.5 mg·kg-1·d-1, and the rats in the sham operation group and the model group were given the same volume of saline. On the 7th, 14th and 21st days after operation, the expressions of peripheral cells and relevant signal pathway markers in renal tissue were detected by Western blot and Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) respectively.ResultThe stromal damage score and the interstitial collagen accumulation on the 14th and 21st days after UUO were significantly lower in the Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction group, Buxu prescription group and Qixie prescription group than those in the model group (P<0.05). Except for the sham operation group, the protein expressions of α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), platelet derived growth factor A (PDGFA), nerve/glial type 2 chondroitin sulfate glycoprotein (NG-2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), platelet-derived growth factor -β (PDGF-β) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) in the kidney tissues of the 14th and 21st days were significantly increased compared with those on the 7th day (P<0.05). On the 21st day after surgery, the expressions of NG-2, VEGFA, VEGFR1 and PDGFR-β in renal tissue of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, relevant expressions of α-SMA, PDGFA, NG-2, VEGFA, VEGFR1, PDGF-β, and PDGFR-β in kidney tissue of Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction group decreased significantly on the 21st day after operation (P<0.05), and relative expressions of α-SMA, NG-2, VEGFA, VEGFR1 and PDGFR-β in the Shenshuai Xiezhuo decoction group were significantly lower than those in the benazepril group on the 21st day after surgery (P<0.05).ConclusionShenshuai Xiezhuo decoction and its deficiency tonifying and pathogen eliminating components have an antagonistic effect on renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO rats. Its mechanism is related to the inhibition of activation of peripheral cells and relevant cell signaling pathways.
Abstract:ObjectiveStudy on the mechanism of Tongfengning in promoting uric acid excretion from the perspective of urate transporter and mRNA in renal of hyperuricemia (HUA) model rats.MethodThe 80 sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, the blank group with 20 rats and the model group with 60 rats. Rats in model group were established as hyperuricemia (HUA) models by intraperitoneal injection of oxonic acid potassium salt (OAPS) and intragastric administration ethambutol hydrochloride (EMB) once a day for 21 days. After successful modeling, rats in the model group were divided into the model group, Tongfengning group and benzbromarone group, with 20 rats per group. Tongfengning solution (15.3 g·kg-1·d-1) was administered to the Tongfengning group by gavage feeding. Rats in benzbromarone group were administered 5.2 mg·kg-1·d-1 benzbromarone suspension, whereas those in the blank group and the model group were administered the equivalent amount of normal saline for 21 days. On days 14th and 21st following intervention, urine, blood, and kidney were collected from rats, serum uric acid (SUA) and urinary uric acid (UUA) levels, blood urea nitrogenand(BUN) and creatinine(CRE) levels and the expression of urate transporter proteins and their mRNAs of all rats were detected by enzyme-colorimetric method, urease method, sarcosine oxidase method, Western blot and Real-time quantitative PCR(Real-time PCR), respectively.ResultOn days 14th and 21th following intervention, compared with blank group, SUA, CRE and BUN levels, and urate transporter 1(URAT1),glucose transporter 9(GLUT9) expression increased(P<0.05,P<0.01), whereas UUA level, and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter protein G2(ABCG2), organic anion 1(OAT1), organic anion 3(OAT3) expression decreased in the model group(P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with model group, SUA, CRE and BUN levels, and URAT1, GLUT9 expression decreased in Tongfengning group and the benzbromarone group(P<0.05), whereas UUA level, and ABCG2, OAT1, OAT3 expression increased(P<0.05). Creatinine and BUN levels decreased in the Tongfengning group(P<0.05,P<0.01), with the trend much better than the benzbromarone group(P<0.05). On day 21st, except for the BUN level did not change much compared with day 14th, all the rest indicators got improved obviously.ConclusionIntraperitoneal injection of OAPS and intragastric administration of EMB can cause HUA models with renal dysfunction. Tongfengning reduced URAT1, GLUT9 mRNA and protein expression, and upregulated ABCG2, OAT1, OAT3 mRNA and protein expression in the rat kidney, which may be one of the mechanisms of promoting uric acid excretion. Tongfengning has a certain protective effect on renal function.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Bushen Huayu Shengxin decoction in delaying senescence of bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) by improving cellular microenvironment and regulating p16/pRb and p53/p21 signaling pathways.MethodThe cells were cultured in serum-free 1640 medium and hypoxic cell workstation for 24 hours to establish the cell model of ischemic-hypoxic microenvironment in vitro, then randomized into control group (with complex medium), model group (with complete medium), and treatment group (with serum medium-containing Bushen Huayu Shengxin decoction), and all were cultured in hypoxic cell workstation for 24 hours. The normal group was added with control culture for complete medium, The cell cycle of BMSCs was detected by flow cytometry, the expressions of p16INK4a, p53, p21 and Survivn, cysteine aspartic acid protease-3 (Caspase-3), polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) mRNA were analyzed by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), and the levels of β-catenin protein and glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β) protein were detected by Western blot.ResultCompared with the normal group, the proportion of S phase cells increased, while that at the G0/G1 phase decreased significantly in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the proportion of S phase decreased, whereas that at the G0/G1 phase gradually increased in the treatment group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, mRNA expressions of p16INK4a, p53, p21 and Survivn, Caspase-3, PARP in the model group increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, mRNA expressions of p16INK4a, p53, p21 and Survivn, Caspase-3, PARP in the treatment group decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, protein expressions of β-catenin and GSK-3β in the model group increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, protein expressions of β-catenin and GSK-3β in the treatment group decreased significantly (P<0.05).ConclusionBushen Huayu Shengxin decoction could delay the senescence of BMSCs by improving ischemic-hypoxic microenvironment and regulating p16/pRb and p53/p21 signaling pathways.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Jianpi Yangzheng recipe in inhibiting aerobic glycolysis by down-regulating the expression of pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2) protein, in order to promote apoptosis and inhibite epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in HCT116 cells of colorectal cancer.MethodThe effect of different concentrations of Jianpi Yangzheng recipe on HCT116 cell proliferation was detected by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)colorimetry. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of Jianpi Yangzheng recipe(2.0, 4.0, 8.0 g·L-1) on HCT116 cell apoptosis. The effect of Jianpi Yangzheng recipe(2.0, 4.0, 8.0 g·L-1) on the migration and invasion ability of HCT116 cells was observed by cell scratch and cell invasion assay (Transwell). The effect of different concentrations of Jianpi Yangzheng recipe(2.0, 4.0, 8.0 g·L-1) on glycolysis metabolism of HCT116 cells were detected by lactic acid (LD) test kit and glucose assay kit, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, like B lymphocyte tumor-2 gene (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax) and EMT-related proteins, like epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin),neurogenic cadherin(N-cadherin), Vimentin, and PKM2, the key protein of glycolysis, in each group.ResultMTT assay showed that, compared with the blank group, HCT116 cells were treated with Jianpi Yangzheng recipe for 48 h. With the increase of drug concentration, the inhibitory effect of Jianpi Yangzheng recipe on the proliferation of HCT116 cells was also increased; and when the concentration was 4.0 g·L-1, the inhibition rate of HCT116 cells was about 53.87%. Therefore, 2.0,4.0,8.0 g·L-1 were selected as low, medium and high-dose groups for the study. The cell flow cytometry results indicated that, compared with the blank group, the low, medium and high-dose groups all significantly induced the apoptosis of HCT116 cells (P<0.05), and the effect in inducing apoptosis was more obvious with the increase of drug concentration (P<0.05). Cell scratch and Transwell showed that, compared with the blank group, all the groups had an inhibitory effect on migration and invasion of HCT116 cells (P<0.05), and the effect was more significant with the increase of drug concentration (P<0.05). The determination of lactic acid and glucose indicated that compared with the blank group, with the increase of drug concentration, the amount of lactic acid produced by cells in each group gradually decreased (P<0.05), while the glucose dosage also gradually decreased (P<0.05). Western blot showed that, compared with the blank group, the protein expressions of E-cadherin and Bax were up-regulated in groups with different concentrations, whereas the protein expressions of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Bcl-2 and PKM2 were down-regulated (P<0.05).ConclusionJianpi Yangzheng recipe can effectively induce the apoptosis of HCT116 cells and inhibit EMT in colorectal cancer. The possible mechanism may be related to the inhibition of aerobic glycolysis pathway of HCT116 cells by down-regulating PKM2 protein expression.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo study on the mechanism of invigorating kidney and strengthening Yang of different processed products of Curculiginis Rhizoma aqueous extracts in rats with kidney-Yang deficiency induced by adenine.MethodTaking Guifu Dihuang pills as the positive drug group (the dosage of 2.466 g·kg-1), after intragastric administration for 4 weeks, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to compare the effects of different processed products of Curculiginis Rhizoma aqueous extracts (the dosage of 2.742 g·kg-1) on the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and cortisol (COR) in serum of rats with kidney-Yang deficiency induced by adenine. The activity of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) in rat liver and kidney microsomes was determined by Nash colorimetry.ResultAll the processed products aqueous extracts could improve the function of hypothalamus-pituitary-target gland axis in rats with kidney-Yang deficiency induced by adenine, and the total score was in the order of Euodiae Fructus juice-processed products (29 points)>salt-processed products (25 points)>rice wine-processed products (23 points)>raw products (17 points)>Zingiberis Rhizoma juice-processed products (11 points). And the different processed products of Curculiginis Rhizoma could increase CYP3A activity of liver and kidney microsomes of kidney-Yang deficiency rats, especially the Euodiae Fructus juice-processed products and salt-processed products.ConclusionAll the processed products of Curculiginis Rhizoma can effectively treat the syndrome of kidney-Yang deficiency in rats, among them, Euodiae Fructus juice-processed products and salt-processed products have more significant effect on invigorating kidney and strengthening Yang.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the syndrome characteristics and distribution regularity of patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), in order to guide clinical practice and improve the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.MethodInpatients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in line with the diagnostic criteria were selected, and the frequency statistics method was used to analyze the syndrome elements and their frequency degree and distribution characteristics.ResultAccording to the analysis of syndrome elements and their frequency degree of 263 patients with NSTEMI, the pathogenesis of NSTEMI was mostly deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. As for deficiency in origin, Qi deficiency (171 times, 32.39%) was the most common, which was followed by Yin deficiency (42 times, 7.95%), Yang deficiency (16 times, 3.03%), and blood deficiency (1 times, 0.19%). As for excess in superficiality, blood stasis (129 frequency, 24.4%) and phlegm turbidity (125 frequency, 23.7%) were the most common, which were followed by heat accumulation (42 frequency, 7.95%), water drinking (2 frequency, 0.38%). According to the syndrome diagnosis analysis of the combination of syndrome elements, 220 cases (83.65%) had single syndrome differentiation, 42 cases (15.97%) had two syndromes at the same time, and 1 case (0.38%) had three syndromes at the same time. Among all the syndrome types, Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome (94 cases, 42.7%) was the most common, which were followed by phlegm and blood stasis syndrome (46 cases, 20.9%), Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome (41 cases, 18.6%) and heart and kidney deficiency syndrome (32 cases, 14.6%). And Yang deficiency and water flooding syndrome (6 cases, 2.73%) and heart fire blazing syndrome (1 case, 0.45%) were relatively rare. According to the distribution regularity of syndrome, traditional Chinese medicine therapies were mainly for tonifying vital qi and protecting kidney Qi, with equal emphasis on removing phlegm, eliminating dampness and diuresis, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis.ConclusionThe pathogenesis of NSTEMI is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality. Deficiency in origin is mostly Qi deficiency and Yin deficiency, while excess in superficiality is mostly blood stasis, phlegm and heat accumulation. traditional Chinese medicine therapies are mostly for invigorating Qi and nourishing Yin, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, clearing heat and resolving phlegm.
Keywords:non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction;coronary artery disease;syndrome characteristics;syndrome elements
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of modified Guiling Ganluyin combined with colchicine in treatment of gouty arthritis(GA) damp-heat accumulation.MethodA total of 210 cases of GA were randomly divided into traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) group(70 cases), western medicine group (70 cases), and integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine group(70 cases) according to the digital table method. The patients in TCM group were treated with modified Guiling Ganluyin, the patients in western medicine group were treated with colchicine, and the patients in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine group received modified Guiling Ganluyin + colchicine, with a treatment course of 30 d in all groups. The clinical symptoms before and after the treatment [joint pain visual analogue scale(VAS), patient global appraise(PGA), number rating scale for pain(NRS)], inflammatory cytokines in serum and joint fluid [tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), uric acid(UA)], hemorheology index [whole blood high cut viscosity(HCV), whole blood low cut viscosity(LCV), whole blood reductive viscosity(RV)]in 3 groups were observed. The total effective rate and the adverse reactions were compared.ResultSix cases fell off during the study period. The total effective rate in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine group was 97.1%(67/69), which higher than 80.8%(55/68) in TCM group (χ2=8.153, P<0.05) and 79.1%(53/67) in western medicine group (χ2=8.735, P<0.05). Compared with TCM group and western medicine group, the clinical symptoms VAS and NRS scores in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine group were significantly lower(P<0.05), while the PGA scores were significantly higher(P<0.05). TNF-α, IL-1β and UA in serum and articular fluid in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine group were significantly decreased(P<0.05). HCV, LCV and RV were significantly decreased in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine group(P<0.05). Compared with the traditional Chinese and western medicine group, the incidence of adverse reactions was higher in the western medicine group (χ2=5.538,P<0.05) and lower in the Chinese medicine group (χ2=6.273,P<0.05).ConclusionModified Guiling Ganluyin combined with colchicine has the effects in enhancing effect and reducing toxicity, and could improve the clinical symptoms of GA patients with damp-heat accumulation, with a low incidence of adverse reactions.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of Simiaosan combined with arthroscopic radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of acute traumatic knee synovitis and its effects on inflammatory markers and knee joint function.MethodA total of 92 patients with acute traumatic knee synovitis who were treated in our hospital from February 2017 to November 2018 were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 46 cases in each group. The patients in observation group were treated with Simiaosan combined with arthroscopic radiofrequency ablation, while the patients in control group were treated radiofrequency ablation combined with Gubi tablet, synovitis granule and imrecoxib tablets. The efficacy in the two groups was observed one month after operation. The degree of pain and the swelling of knee joint were evaluated before and one month after operation, and the function of knee joint was evaluated by lysholm knee score system (LKSS) before and one month after operation. And at the same time, the knee joint activity was measured, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was analyzed by Wechsler's method, and hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was detected by immunoturbidimetry. The adverse reactions and complications of the two groups were observed.ResultCompared with control group after treatment, the total effective rate in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of knee pain in both groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), while the joint swelling scores were significantly higher (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS score of knee pain in observation group was significantly lower than that of control group at the same time (P<0.05), while the joint swelling score was significantly higher (P<0.05). After treatment, the LKSS score and the range of motion of the affected knee joints in both groups were significantly increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), but with more significant improvement in observation group (P<0.05). The levels of ESR in peripheral blood and hs-CRP in serum of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), especially in observation group (P<0.05). No obvious side effects were observed in observation group during the treatment with Simiaosan. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups.ConclusionThe treatment of Simiaosan combined with radiofrequency ablation under arthroscope has a significant efficacy in the treatment of acute traumatic gonarthromeningitis. The knee joint function of the patients was significantly improved, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction in vivo.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Erxian Shengbai decoction combined with Huangqi Huang soup for leucopenia (deficiency of spleen and kidney Qi) after chemotherapy, and to investigate the regulatory effect on immune function and cytokines.MethodOne hundred and fifty patients were randomly divided into control group(75 cases) and observation group (75 cases)by random number table. Patients in group got batilol tablets by oral administration for 6 weeks, 60 mg/time, 3 times/day. And the patients at stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ additionally received recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor injection (rhG-CSF) for subcutaneous injection,2-5 μg·kg-1·d-1, until the count of neutrophils recovered to 5.0×109个/L (10.0×109个/L for white blood cell). In the control group shengbaikang granules were taken orally,1 bag/time,3 times/day.Patients in observation group additionally received Erxian Shengbai decoction combined with Huangqi Huangshan soup for 6 weeks, 1 doses/day. Number of peripheral blood leukocytes (WBC) and neutrophils (NEUT), time to recovery, number of infections, duration of using antibiotics, dose and duration of rhG-CSF, red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), platelets (PLT) and rate of completed chemotherapy were recorded. Scores of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome and karnofsky performance scale (KPS) were graded before and after treatment. Levels of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+) , natural killer cell (NK), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were all detected.ResultIn the analysis of rank sum test, to the efficacy for leucopenia in observation group was better than that in control group (Z=2.057, P<0.05). Levels of WBC, NEUT, RBC, Hb and PLT were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Time to recovery, number of infections and duration of using antibiotics, dose and duration of rhG-CSF were all less than those in control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the recovery rate of WBC and NEUT as well as completed chemotherapy were 76.12% (51/67), 73.13% (49/67) and 92.54% (62/67) in observation group, higher than 57.35% (39/68), 52.94% (36/68) and 79.41% (54/68) in control group (P<0.01). Levels of NK, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ and IL-2 were all higher than those in control group (P<0.01), while levels of CD8+ , IL-6 and TNF-α were lower than those in control group (P<0.05).ConclusionErxian Shengbai decoction combined with Huangqi Huangshan soup can promote the recovery of WBC and NEUT, stabilize the immune function, regulate cytokines, improve the microenvironment of bone marrow hematopoiesis, improve the completion rate of chemotherapy, reduce the number of infections and the amount of rhG-CSF, relieve clinical symptoms, and stabilize the quality of life in patients with leukopenia after chemotherapy (deficiency of spleen and kidney Qi).
Keywords:chemotherapy;leukopenia;deficiency of spleen and kidney Qi;Erxian Shengbai decoction;Huangqi Huangshan soup;immune function;cytokines
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effects of adjuvant therapy of Huayu pills on neurological recovery of patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and syndrome of Qi deficiency and blood stasis, and to investigate its mechanism of action for antioxidation, anti-inflammation and improvement of microcirculation.MethodOne hundred and forty patients were randomly divided into control group (70 cases) and observation group (70 cases) by random number table. During the study period, there were 3 drop-out cases, 2 excluded cases, and 65 completed cases in the control group. There were 1 drop-out cases, 4 excluded case, and 65 completed cases in the observation group. Western medicine was given in both groups. Patients in control group additionally got oral administration of Xiaoshuang Tongluo tablets, 6 tablets/time, 3 times/day. The patients in observation group got oral administration of Huayu pills, 5 g/time, 2 times/days. The treatment course was 4 weeks in both groups. Before the treatment, and at the second and fourth week after treatment, scores of national institute of health stroke scale (NIHSS) were graded. Before and after treatment, scores of functional independent measures (FIM) scale, fugl-meyer assessment of motor function (FMA), Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were graded. Disability/mortality and safety were discussed after treatment. Levels of the whole blood viscosity (BV), plasma viscosity (PV), platelet aggregation rate (PAG), fibrinogen (FIB), P-selectin (CD62p), D-dimer (D-D), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxide (PLO), homocysteine (Hcy), tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), serum cystatin C (Cys-C) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected both before and after treatment.ResultIn the analysis of rank sum test, clinical efficacy in observation group was better than that in control group (Z=2.131, P<0.05). At the second and fourth week after treatment, scores of NIHSS, Qi deficiency and blood stasis, as well as levels of NO, PLO, MDA, Hcy, Cys-C, hs-CRP, TNF-α, BV, PV, PAG, FIB, CD62 p and D-D in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01), while levels of FIM, FMA and SOD were all higher than those in control group (P<0.01).ConclusionBased on the comprehensive treatment of Western medicine, adjuvant therapy of Huayu pills can improve the degree of nerve function defect, improve the ability of exercise and daily life, reduce the degree of disability, improve the microcirculation and hemorheology, reduce the inflammatory reaction, eliminate oxygen free radicals, and relieve the oxidative stress injury in patients with ACI and Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, and the clinical efficacy is better than that of Western medicine alone.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Zhibitai capsule in the treatment of dyslipidemia with phlegm-stasis binding pattern, in order to evaluate its effectiveness and safety.MethodTotally 82 patients of dyslipidemia with phlegm-stasis binding pattern were selected from the outpatient department of internal medicine in Hospital of Xidian University from July 2018 to July 2019. According to the random number table method, they were divided into control group and observation group, with41 cases in each group. Control group was treated with aAtorvastatin calcium, and observation group was treated with Zhibitai capsules. The changes in blood lipid index, liver function and renal function were measured before and after 8-week treatment in two groups, the efficacy on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and clinical symptom scores before and after treatment were compared between two groups, and the adverse reactions, such as liver pain and muscle pain, were recorded among patients.ResultThe changes of blood lipids were compared after 8 weeks of treatment, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were all lower than before, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased (P<0.05), the total effective rate in control group was 90.24% (37/41), which was 92.68% (38/41) in observation group, with no significant difference between two groups, in the TCM syndrome scores of two groups before and after treatment, four common TCM syndromes, namely scores dizziness, chest tightness, head heavy as if swathed and chest fullness, were decreased (P<0.05). In terms of the efficacy of two groups of TCM syndromes, the total effective rate in control group was 87.80% (36/41), which was 92.68% (38/41) in observation group, with no statistically significant difference between two groups. Control group had 3 cases of increased transaminase, but none of them beyond 2 times of the normal upper limit, and observation group had 1 case of mild abdominal distension and nausea, which did not affect continued medication. No muscle pain or liver pain occurred in two groups.ConclusionZhibitai capsule is effective in treating dyslipidemia, which is comparable to atorvastatin calcium in treating dyslipidemia, with the safety and reliability.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the effects of different processing techniques on the chemical constituents of Aurantii Fructus for screening the dominant decoction pieces.MethodUPLC-Q/TOF-MS was used to detect the chemical constituents of Aurantii Fructus, chromatography separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm), and gradient elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A)-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution (B) as mobile phase (0-10 min, 5%-35%B; 10-18 min, 35%-75%B; 18-21 min, 75%-100%B; 21-24 min, 100%B; 24-24.1 min, 100%-5%B; 24.1-28 min, 5%B). Data acquisition was carried out in electrospray ionization (ESI) under the positive ion mode, the scanning range was m/z 50-1 200. The chemical constituents in methanol extract of Aurantii Fructus were identified according to reference substance, relative molecular weight, mass spectrometric cleavage rule and literature information. SIMCA-P 13.0 software was used to establish principal component analysis (PCA) model and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model of Aurantii Fructus processed products, PCA score plot, PLS-DA loading plot and variable importance in the protection (VIP) values were obtained to screen the material basis for the main differences before and after processing of Aurantii Fructus.ResultA total of 54 chemical components were identified by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. PCA indicated that there were significant differences among different groups of Aurantii Fructus processed by different methods. A total of 14 chemical components with VIP value >1 were screened by PLS-DA as the main chemical markers for the differences before and after processing, including hesperidin, poncirin, narirutin, etc. The comprehensive weighted score showed that the content of effective components in Aurantii Fructus processed with honey bran was the highest.ConclusionThe contents of chemical constituents in Aurantii Fructus before and after processing are significantly changed. Flavonoids are the most important compounds to distinguish different processed products of Aurantii Fructus. Aurantii Fructus processed with honey bran is the dominant variety.
Keywords:Aurantii Fructus;processing;decoction pieces;chemical constituents;ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS);principal component analysis (PCA);partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo isolate and purify a polysaccharide CALB-2 fraction from Aurantii Fructus,and analyze its basic chemical structure, morphological characteristics and bioactivity.MethodA refined CALB-2 was obtained from Aurantii Fructus by hot water extraction,then separated and purified by ion exchange resin,ion exchange agarose gel and propylene dextran gel to obtain homogeneous polysaccharide CALB-2. The molecular mass of CALB-2 was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Monosaccharide composition analysis of CALB-2 was conducted by methylation analysis and Smith degradation. Structural analysis and morphological characterization were conducted by infrared scanning (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Antioxidant activity of CALB-2 was studied by using H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte oxidative damage model.ResultCALB-2 was a homogeneous polysaccharide and the molecular weight of CALB-2 was estimated to be 3.57×107 Da,which was proved to be a kind of highly branched acidic polysaccharides in IR analysis, methylation analysis and Smith degradation, mainly present in form of 1→3,4 bonds. Through SEM observations,we indicated that the molecular morphology of CALB-2 was amorphous solid. The in vitro activity test showed that CALB-2 had obvious protective effects on injury of H9c2 myocardial cells induced by H2O2.ConclusionCALB-2 is a kind of homogeneous polysaccharide extracted from Aurantii Fructus, with an anti-cardiomyocyte oxidative damage effect, laying a theoretical foundation for further study of Aurantii Fructus polysaccharides.
Keywords:Aurantii Fructus;polysaccharides CALB-2;separation and purification;structure characterization;antimyocardial injury
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the allelopathic effect of garlic volatiles on Angelica sinensis by studying the allelopathic effect of both living garlicand isolated garlic sprout volatiles on A. sinensis, and provide certain theoretical basis for Angelica garlic interplanting mode to alleviate the stress of continuous cropping A. sinensis.MethodThrough the determination and analysis of the growth indexes and leaf protective enzyme system of A. sinensis,the adaptability of A. sinensis to continuous cropping stress and non-continuous cropping stress environment under the influence of the volatiles of living garlic and isolated garlic sprout as well as the mechanism of resistant growth and development were discussed.ResultThe overall analysis showed that the growth index and leaf protective enzyme activity of isolated garlic sprout with alleloinductive treatment(DC2)under continuous cropping stress were increased by 17.51% and 48.34% respectively as compared with those under single cropping(CK1). The growth index and leaf protective enzyme activity of angelica under continuous cropping and intercropping(LC2)were increased by 16.63% and 36.65% as compared with those under monocrop cropping(CK2). Those indicated that the volatiles of isolated garlic sprout had more significant effect than those of live garlic on alleviating the stress of continuous cropping of A. sinensis.ConclusionRegardless of the presence of continuous cropping obstacle,appropriate concentrations of living garlic and isolated garlic sprout volatiles had an allelopathic promoting effect on angelica root growth index and leaf protective enzyme activity,and the effect was more obvious in continuous cropping stress conditions,so intercropping garlic has a certain role in alleviating angelica's continuous cropping stress.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different nitrogen forms and concentrations on yield and quality in Fritillaria thunbergii,and provide basis for improving scientific utilization of nitrogenous fertilizer and its introduction to Chongqing area.MethodThe pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in growth,physiological and biochemical characteristics,soil factors,alkaloid content and yield of Fritillaria thunbergii under the ratio of nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N) to ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N)of 15∶0(N1),12∶3(N2),7.5∶7.5(N3),3∶12(N4) and 0∶15(N5).ResultAs compared with no-nitrogen(CK) treatment group,the growth and quality of F. thunbergii were significantly improved by different nitrogen nutrition treatments,with differences among them.With the increase of ammonium nitrogen concentration:①plant height and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) reached the maximum when the ratio of NO3--N to NH4+-N was 3∶12,increased by 9.27% and 206.62% respectively compared with the CK group,② the length and width of leaf,stem diameter,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll content,the content of available P and organic matter,total alkaloid content and yield reach the maximum when the ratio of NO3--N to NH4+-N was 0∶15,increased by 14.02%,16.44%,13.68%,40.75%,45.31%,41.72%,77.70%,14.70%,24.61%/47.39% respectively compared with the CK group,with the increase of nitrate nitrogen concentration,③the leaf index,soluble protein content,peimisine content/yield,yield of peiminine and dry weight of bulbs reached the maximum when the ratio of NO3--N to NH4+-N was 7.5∶7.5,increased by 2.54%,5.92%,21.76%/54.55%,60.61% and 26.93%,respectively compared with the CK group,④the content of carotenoids,pigment and peiminine,the activity of peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT),the content/yield of peimine,both peimine and peiminine,both peimine,peiminine and peimisine,dry weight of bulbs reached the maximum when the ratio of NO3--N to NH4+-N was 12∶3,increased by 45.39%,45.31%,36.01%,271.38%,67.45%,39.82%/64.87%,38.90%/63.80%,37.03%/61.57%,20.29% respectively compared with the CK group.ConclusionAll the results indicated that a higher proportion of NH4+-N is beneficial to the growth of F. thunbergii,while NO3--N is beneficial to the accumulation of alkaloids and the growth of bulbs.Therefore,the combined application of ammonium and nitrate(NO3--N to NH4+-N ratio of 12∶3) is more effective than pure nitrate or pure ammonium applications to improve the yield and quality of F. thunbergii.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)2 and psbA-trnH sequences of Ziziphora bungeana in 18 different geographic populations,in order to provide reference about evaluation of germplasm resources and analysis of genetic diversity of medicinal plants.MethodGenomic DNAs of the Z. bungeana were extracted by kit method. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to amplify ITS2 and psbA-trnH interstitial region sequences,bidirectional sequencing,splicing,and constructing Neighbor-joining(NJ) based on Kimura 2-parameter(K2P) model.ResultAll of sequences of ITS2 and psbA-trnH of Z. bungeana in different geographic populations showed intraspecific variations. The average ITS2 sequence length of Z. bungeana was 236 bp,9 haplotypes were detected,and the genetic distance was 0-0.022. Z. bungeana of different geographical groups gathered into two branches,10 geographic populations,including XTH3,XTH6 and XTH9,were considered as one branch,while 8 geographic populations, including XTH4,XTH5 and XTH10,were the other branch. In addition to XTH6 that lacked 6 in bp psbA-trnH sequence,all of the other geographic populations had a 355 bp sequence of psbA-trnH,4 haplotypes were detected,and the genetic distance was 0-0.023. 12 geographic populations,such as XTH1,XTH3,XTH4,gathered into one branch,while XTH14,XTH17 and XTH18 gathered into the other branch. NJ tree based on ITS2+psbA-trnH combination sequence showed that Z. bungeana of different geographical populations could be divided into two branches,with 12 geographical populations,like XTH11,XTH12,XTH16 as one branch, and XTH14,XTH17 and XTH18 as the other branch.ConclusionNear or similar geographical locations of different geographical populations implies relatively short genetic distance and relatively close genetic relationship,which indicates that genetic relationship and genetic diversity of Z. bungeana in different geographical populations are related to geographical locations.
Abstract:Gardenia has been widely used in clinical practice and with a long history. In order to make better use of gardenia resources,this study summarized historical literatures and modern researches,made textual research on the name,variety,origin,processing and efficacy of Gardenia jasminoides,and found that the name of G. jasminoides mainly reflects the characteristics of G. jasminoides based on form and color to a certain extent. In some cases, the name "Huangzhi" was mixed with water G. jasminoides. The earliest origin of G.jasminoides was Nanyang as recorded in ancient literatures, but with a low yield. Due to the influence of population migration and productivity development,the main origin of G. jasminoides moved to the south,and southern producers were preferred. G. jasminoides was recorded as G. jasminoides, and Gardeniae Fructus could not be used as medicine in literatures of Chinese materia medica,but there were records of "Fat G.jasminoides" and "Great G. jasminoides" as medicines in ancient books of treatment for febrile diseases. The reason for the difference with the literature records of this herb lay in different eras of "Leigong Bombardment Theory" and "Treatise on Febrile Diseases". There were gaps in the yield and harvesting capacity of G.jasminoides,and the herbaceous book was highly standardized, the highest-quality herbs were selected to be used as medicine,and the formularies focused on practicality. According to modern experimental studies,chemical composition and content of Gardeniae Fructus and Gardeniae Fructus were similar with the same choleretic effect. In addition,the processing history and efficacy application of G. jasminoides were also summarized,in order to provide reference for the further study and utilization of G. resources.
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the biological basis underlying the different syndromes of nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) according to the molecular interaction network associated with syndromes and the corresponding prescriptions.MethodA total of 30 NONFH patients and 10 healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. The gene expression profiles associated with different syndromes of NONFH were detected by microarray analysis. Then, the molecular interaction networks of the differentially expressed genes of different syndromes were constructed to identify the crucial syndrome-related genes. After collecting the phenotype-related genes and the candidate targets of the corresponding prescriptions of different syndromes from Integrative Pharmacology-based Research Platform of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMIP) v2.0 (http://www.tcmip.cn/), the molecular interaction network associated with syndromes and the corresponding prescriptions were constructed and the biological basis of each syndrome was analyzed by functional enrichment analysis.ResultThe crucial genes associated with the phlegm-stasis blocking collateral syndrome were mainly involved into the bone and lipid metabolism, and the regulation of immune-inflammation balance and circulation. Consistently, the candidate targets of the corresponding prescription-Jianpi Huogu prescription might play roles in the metabolism of osteogenesis, dissipating phlegm, activating circulation to remove blood stasis, relieving pain and inflammatory response. In addition, our data revealed that the stagnation of meridians syndrome-related genes could be mainly involved into the regulation of circulation and inflammatory response, as well as the metabolism of lipid and bone. Accordingly, the corresponding prescription of this syndrome-Huoxue Tongbi Formula could exert the regulatory effects on osteogenesis and inflammatory response, as well as the activation of the circulation and qi-invigorating. Moreover, the crucial genes associated with the liver and kidney deficiency syndrome played roles in various pathological processes during NONFH, such as the abnormal bone and lipid metabolisms, the immune-inflammation imbalance, and the blocked blood circulation, which were in line with our findings on the pharmacological mechanisms of the corresponding prescription of this syndrome-Bushen Zhuanggu formula.ConclusionThe current study indicated that the phlegm-stasis blocking collateral syndrome may be mainly associated with the abnormal bone and lipid metabolisms. The molecular mechanisms underlying the stagnation of meridians syndrome may be the imbalance of "immune-inflammation" and the blocking circulation. Furthermore, the liver and kidney deficiency syndrome may be not only associated with the abnormal bone and lipid metabolisms, but also implicated into various biological pathways-related to inflammation and circulation. Interestingly, the pharmacological mechanisms of the corresponding prescriptions may be in accord to the biological basis of each syndrome.
Keywords:nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head;traditional Chinese medicine syndrome;network pharmacology;biological basis;pharmacological mechanism
Abstract:The necessity of establishing the review system in the administration of national drug standards was analyzed, in order to provide suggestions for improving the national drug standard work. The problems existed in national drug standard administration were analyzed and summarized, the purpose and significance of standard review system was analyzed, and the implementation of standard review system in other industries was reviewed. At present, there are some problems in the administration of national drug standards, such as imperfect working mechanism, unsatisfactory progress in the improvement of standards, low participation of manufacturers in the work of national standards, and unsmooth elimination mechanism of standards. The establishment of standard review system in national drug standard administration conforms to the objective law of standard management, which is helpful to improve the top-level design of national drug standard activities, solve the bottleneck problems in the durg standard work, realize the dynamic management of national drug standard, and promote the re-evaluation work of drugs after being put on the market. In a word, the establishment and implementation of the standard review system is conducive to the development of national drug standards.
Abstract:Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, one of precious and important traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has the functions of dispersing blood stasis and stopping bleeding, detaching swelling and alleviating pain, and invigorating Qi and blood. It is a traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. After processing, the efficacy of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma was obviously different, the raw products mainly dispersed blood stasis and hemostasis, while the main effect of processed products was to replenish blood and Qi. In recent years, more attention has been paid to Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma research, mainly focusing on the chemical constituent, pharmacological action and clinical application of the raw products. Although the research on processed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma has been increasing in these years, the mechanism of processing and the changes of bioactive constituents before and after processing are still unclear. This paper systematically summarized the modern processing methods of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma and compared the changes in chemical constituent and pharmacological action before and after processing through literature search. It is proposed that modern technologies should be put forward to study the correlation between the chemical constituent transformation and enriching blood as the breakthrough point, in order to explain the processing mechanism of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, improve the quality evaluation system of this decoction pieces, and provide guarantee for the safety and effectiveness of its clinical medication.
Keywords:Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma;processing;chemical constituent;pharmacological action;dispersing blood stasis and stopping bleeding;invigorating Qi and blood
Abstract:Four commonly used medicinal plants of genus Ilex, including I. pubescens, I. asprella, I. rotunda, and I. latifolia, have been extensively used in clinic. The Ilex plants contain triterpenes and their glycosides, flavones, phenols and other compositions, and their have the pharmacological activities of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antithrombosis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, etc. Among them, I. pubescens has significant pharmacological activities in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but there are few studies on clinical application. There are a few literature reports on the anti-inflammatory, lowering blood lipids, anti-oxidation, anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities of I. asprella, which is clinically used in the treatment of upper respiratory diseases and infectious diseases. I. rotunda has strong activities of antithrombosis and anti-inflammatory, it is clinically used for the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. I. latifolia shows activities of hypolipidemic, antitumor, antibacterial and antioxidant, and its leaves are often used in the treatment of hypertension. This review summarized the research progress on the pharmacological effects and clinical applications of commonly used medicinal plants of this genus in recent years, in order to provide basis for their clinical applications, and provide useful reference for the further development of the research direction and the development of medicines and health products.
Abstract:The discovery of penicillin has effectively controlled the infection caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Afterwards, the research and development of antibacterial drugs has entered the golden age, and made a great contribution to human health. However, in recent years, with the increasing use of antibiotics around the world, pathogenic bacteria drive gene mutation to obtain drug resistance to ensure its survival advantage, and promote the transfer of drug-resistant genes, resulting in a sharp increase of drug-resistant bacteria. In addition, the current development speed of new antibiotics is far slower than the growth and spread speed of drug-resistant bacteria, which makes the drug-resistant crisis more serious and becomes one of the biggest threats to the global community. Compared with the same type of bacterial infection, drug-resistant bacterial infection has the characteristics of complexity and refractoriness, which causes worse clinical outcome and higher risk of death in patients, and brings severe challenges to clinical work. If the trend of bacterial drug resistance is not controlled, the crisis of no drug available will come. Therefore, it is urgent to explore effective alternative means to fight against bacterial drug resistance and reduce the harm of drug-resistant bacterial infection. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has unique advantages in the treatment of infectious diseases. Compared with modern antibacterial drugs, it has the characteristics of wide sources, rich active ingredients, and is not easy to produce drug resistance. It may be an important source for screening and developing new anti-infective drugs. Therefore, it is promising to develop and utilize TCM to solve the problem of drug-resistant bacteria infection. This paper will review relevant studies in recent years in terms of interfering with the biochemical metabolism of drug-resistant bacteria to directly inhibit or kill drug-resistant bacteria, improving bacterial drug resistance to indirectly inhibit bacteria and kill bacteria, and maintaining the balance of the body and regulating the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria infection as a whole, so as to provide references for guiding clinical medication and research and development of new traditional Chinese medicines.
Keywords:traditional Chinese medicine;antibacterial;bacterial resistance;drug-resistant bacterial infection