Abstract:Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Erchentang on CXC chemokine ligand receptors (CXCR1/2)and their ligands CXCL8, macrophage inflammatory protein -2(MIP-2) in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)at acute exacerbation stage, and assess the effect and mechanism of modified Erchentang on anti-inflammatory in patients of AECOPD.Method:This study was a multicenter, randomized single blind, controlled trial. The authors selected 200 cases in conformity to the standards of AECOPD. The AECOPD patients were randomly divided into modified Erchentang group and control group. In addition to the western medicine, modified Erchentang was also given to the modified Erchentang group, and Jizhitangjiang was given to the control group for 14 days. Each group was observed for the alleviation of the symptoms. Euzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of CXCL8 and MIP-2 in the patients' plasma of all groups before and after treatment. Western blot were used to detect the levels of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL8 protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs). Immunocytochemistry (ICC) method was used to detect the expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2 protein in PBMCs.Result:The level of CXCL8 in plasma, and the expressions of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCL8 mRNA and protein in the modified Erchentang group were decreased significantly than those in the control group(P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion:Modified Erchentang has an anti-inflammatory effect on AECOPD. Its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the expressions of CXCL8, CXCR1 and CXCR2, the reduction of synthesis and release of CXCL8 and MIP-2, the inhibition of the chemotaxis and activity of inflammatory cells, and the prevention of inflammation progress.
Abstract:Objective:To observe the effect of Shaoyao Gancaotang and its disassembled prescriptions on the expressions of transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) in myocardium and hypothalamus of rats in the ultra-high temperature environment, in order to explore the mechanism of Shaoyao Gancaotang and its disassembled prescriptions against the high temperature.Method:Seventy five male SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to their body weight, namely normal control group, high temperature normal control group, Shaoyao Gancaotang group (2.16 g·kg-1), single Paeoniae Radix Alba(PRA) group (1.08 g·kg-1) and single Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(GRR) group (1.08 g·kg-1). Except normal control group, the remaining groups were fed in artificial climate boxes for 13 days. The normal control group and the high temperature normal control group were given the same volume of pure water. Western blot and quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) were used to determine expressions of TRPV3, TRPV4 protein and mRNA in myocardium and hypothalamus of each group.Result:Compared with the normothermic control group, the expressions of TRPV3 protein, TRPV4 mRNA, TRPV3 protein and TRPV3 mRNA in the myocardium of the hyperthermic control group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group (P<0.05), and the expression of TRPV3 protein in the hypothalamus was significantly higher than that of the normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the expressions of TRPV3, TRPV4 proteins in myocardium of rats in PRA group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the expression of TRPV4 protein in myocardium of rats in Shaoyao Gancaotang group and GRR group was significantly lower than that in control group. The expression of TRPV4 mRNA in myocardium of rats in PRA group was significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion:TRPV3, TRPV4 channels in rat myocardium and hypothalamus were activated in the high temperature environment. The anti-hyperthermic mechanism of Shaoyao Gancaotang and its disassembled prescriptions was related to the regulation of TRPV3, TRPV4 channel protein and mRNA expressions in rat myocardium and hypothalamus.
Abstract:Objective:Based on the previous studies, to investigate the dissolution behavior of Fuzi Lizhongwan by simultaneously determining the dissolution of benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine and benzoylhypaconine in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata.Method:The simultaneous determination of benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine and benzoylhypaconine in Fuzi Lizhongwan was established by HPLC-QQQ-MS. The dissolution amounts of three compositions in 15 batches of Fuzi Lizhongwan from 5 manufacturers at different time points, the cumulative dissolution was calculated and the dissolution curve was drawn. The f2 similarity factor method was adopted to evaluate similarity of dissolution curves of index components in different batches of samples from the same manufacturer, and to evaluate similarity of dissolution curves of samples from different manufacturers based on the same index component. The dissolution model of Fuzi Lizhongwan was concluded by fitting with the dissolution data.Result:When hydrochloric acid solution with pH of 1.2 was used as the dissolution medium, the three alkaloids had the best dissolution effect. The dissolution behavior of three monoester alkaloids in Fuzi Lizhongwan was basically synchronous and the dissolution lasted for 24 h. Three batches of samples from the same manufacturer (manufacturer 1, 3, 4 and 5) appeared to be similar on dissolution behavior, indicating that the dissolution behavior of the majority of samples from different manufacturers was similar. The dissolution behavior of batch 1 sample was different from batch 2 and 3 samples in manufacturer 2, suggesting that the quality of different batches of samples in manufacturer 2 might be different. The fitting results of dissolution data of index components in samples from different manufacturers were consistent, and the Weibull model was the best.Conclusion:Index components in fifteen batches of samples from 5 manufacturers are continuously dissolved within 24 h, indicating that the samples have the characteristics of slow dissolution. The dissolution curves of samples from the same manufacturer are similar to each other, indicating that the quality of different batches of products from most manufacturers is stable. The dissolution behavior of benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine and benzoylhypaconine in samples form different manufacturers has some differences, which may be caused by the source of medicinal materials and preparation technology parameters.
Keywords:Fuzi Lizhongwan;dissolution behavior;benzoylmesaconine;benzoylaconine;benzoylhypaconine;characteristics of dosage forms;Weibull model
Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of Longshengzhi capsule (LSZC) on behavior, serum biochemical index, nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB) and cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3(Caspase-3) in stroke rats.Method:Ischaemic stroke was induced by the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). The male sprague-dawley rats with successful pMCAO modeling were randomly divided into five groups: model (pMCAO) group, nimodipine (12 mg·kg-1) group and LSZC groups (2.4, 1.2, 0.6 g·kg-1). A sham group also set in the study. The intragastric administration lasted for 14 days. The rats were tested for neurological deficits, grip strength, rotation tolerance. An open field test was also performed to evaluate the behavior. The pathology of the brain was studied by 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. In addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rat serum were tested in the experiment. Immunohistochemistry (ICH) and Western blot were used to analyze the expressions of Caspase-3 and NF-κB.Result:Compared the model group, LSZC significantly improved the grip strength, rotation tolerance and spontaneous activity. LSZC markedly reduced infarct volume, water content of brain, neurological scores, body weight decline in MCAO stroke rats (P<0.05, P<0.01). LSZC significantly decreased the levels of NO and MDA, but increased SOD activity (P<0.05, P<0.01). LSZC recovered neuronal morphologic damage in MCAO rats, and down-regulated the expressions of Caspase-3 and NF-κB.Conclusion:LSZC treatment can improve neurological deficit function and protect the brain of stroke rats. This effect may be realized by down-regulating the expressions of NF-κB and Caspase-3.
Abstract:Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Yiqi Huoxue recipe on rats with cerebral ischemia injury by using oxidative stress injury as an entry point.Method:SD rats were randomly divided into model group, sham operation group, nimodipine group (20 mg·kg-1), Yiqi Huoxue recipe high, medium and low dose group (2.916, 1.458, 0.729 g·kg-1). After 14 days of stomach, acute cerebral ischemic injury model was established by ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. Ultrasound of synapse was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and dialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), horizontal adenine nucleoside triphosphate (ATP) levels were detected by biochemical method. Western blot and Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein and mRNA in the ischemic cortex of rats.Result:Transmission electron microscopy showed that Yiqi Huoxue recipe had a significant improvement on the degree of cerebral ischemic injury. Compared with sham operation group, MDA levels in the brain homogenate of model group increased significantly, T-SOD and GSH-Px levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01). The activity of LDH, Na+ -K+ -ATP ase, Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATP ase and ATP was significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The levels of HO-1 and Nrf2 protein and the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA in brain tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the medium and high dose group of Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly decreased MDA content in brain tissue and increased the levels of T-SOD and GSH-Px(P<0.05, P<0.01). Yiqi Huoxue recipe high dose group can significantly increase LDH, Na+ -K+ -ATP ase, Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATP ase and total ATP activity(P<0.05, P<0.01). The contents of HO-1 and Nrf2 protein in the brain of rats with middle and high-dose Yiqihuoxue recipe group were significantly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01). The expressions of HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA in high-dose Yiqi Huoxue recipe group were significantly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion:Yiqi Huoxue recipe may protect against cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting oxidative stress through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Abstract:Objective:To investigate the effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on the proliferation and migration of human colon cancer cell line HT-29 under Type Ⅱ diabetes environment by co-culturing HT-29 with insulin to simulate hyperinsulinemia.Method:The effect of OMT (2, 4, 8 mmol·L-1) on insulin-induced proliferation of HT-29 was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and cloning assay. The morphology change and cell migration were evaluated under microscope and by wound healing assay. The Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI) assay was used to detect the change of insulin-induced HT-29 cell cycle and apoptosis. Western blot was performed to validate the expression of cell cycle-related protein and cell migration protein.Result:Insulin significantly increased growth of HT-29 (P<0.05). Compared with insulin group, OMT with 2, 4, 8 mmol·L-1 showed a significant inhibitory effect in this model (P<0.05). In addition, OMT blocked HT-29 cell cycle in G0/G1 phase (P<0.05), and showed a slight apoptotic effect. Western blot showed that the down-regulation of Cyclin D1, CDK4 and the up-regulation of p27 by OMT might involve the growth inhibition mechanism. Furthermore, OMT reduced the migration of insulin-induced HT-29 according to wound healing assay(P<0.05). Decreased Vimentin (P<0.05)and increased E-cadherin(P<0.05)might be correlated with the migration restrain.Conclusion:OMT can inhibit the proliferation and migration of insulin-induced HT-29 cells. The changes of cell cycle and migration related proteins may be correlated with the mechanism.
Abstract:Objective:To investigate the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and α-smooth actin (α-SMA) in rat penile smooth muscle tissue of rats with alcoholic erectile dysfunction (ED). The effects of protein gene 43 (connexin43, Cx43) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA and protein expressions provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of Gegensan in the treatment of alcoholic ED.Method:SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal group, model group, and low, medium, high-dose Gegensan groups (5, 10, 20 g·kg-1). Except the normal group, the other groups were administered with drugs after alcohol intervention for 30 min at 15 mL· kg-1·d-1. Colorimetric assay was used to detect NOS activity in the penile smooth muscle tissue of alcoholic ED rats. Quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) and Western blot were used to detect α-SMA, Cx43, TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expressions in smooth muscle tissue of alcoholic ED rats.Result:Compared with the normal group, the expressions of NOS, α-SMA and Cx43 mRNA and protein in the penile smooth muscle of the model group decreased significantly (P<0.05), while the expressions of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, low/medium/high-dose Gegensan groups could significantly up-regulate the NOS activity and Cx43 mRNA and protein expressions in the penile tissue of alcoholic ED rats (P<0.05), while significantly down-regulate TGF-β1 mRNA expression, and α-SMA mRNA and protein expressions in the penis tissue of rats with alcoholic ED were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05).Conclusion:Gegensan has an obvious protective effect on the structure of penile smooth muscle of alcoholic ED rats. The specific mechanism may be related to the regulation of NOS activity and a-SMA, Cx43 and TGF-β1 mRNA and protein expressions.
Abstract:Objective:To discuss the clinical efficacy of comprehensive optimization of rehabilitation measures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) on elderly patients with COPD at stable period, in order to study its effect on immune function and inflammatory factors.Method:One hundred and forty-four patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group by random number table. Patients in control group got ipratropium bromide, 40-80 μg/time, 2-4 times/days, salmeterol roticasone powder, 1 suction/time, 2 times/days, as well as comprehensive western medical treatment measures of healthcare education, oxygen therapy and respiratory muscle exercise. In addition to the basic therapy of ipratropium bromide and salmeterol roticasone powder, patients in observation group was added with syndrome differentiation therapy of TCM, foot bath with TCM and respiratory function exercise with TCM. The course of treatment was 6 months, and 6-month follow-up were recorded. Comprehensive assessment of COPD was recorded. Before and after treatment, respiratory questionnaire (mMRC), self-assessment test for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CAT), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1%, St George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), 6-minute walking distance (6 MWD) were scored. And levels of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD4+ /CD8+ , interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected.Result:Comprehensive assessment of COPD in the two groups were better than those before treatment (P<0.05), and that in observation group was better than that in control group (Z=2.066, P<0.05). And scores of mMRC, CAT, SGRQ, hs-CRP, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were lower than those in control group (P<0.01), and level of CD8+ was lower than that in control group (P<0.05). And levels FEV1 and FEV1% were higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and levels of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD4+ /CD8+ and 6-minute walking distance were more than those in control group (P<0.01).Conclusion:Comprehensive optimization of rehabilitation measures in TCM can inhibit inflammatory factors, improve immune function, alleviate clinical symptoms, improve lung function, improve exercise endurance and quality of life of patients, and promote the lung rehabilitation.
Abstract:Objective:To observe clinical efficacy of Taohua Tang and Buzhong Yiqi Tang on Crohn's disease (CD) at active phase (deficiency-cold in spleen and stomach), in order to observed its effect on Th1 and Th17 cytokines.Method:According to random number table, 86 patients with CD were divided into control group (42 cases) and observation group (44 cases). The control group (mild) was given SASP, 3-4 g·d-1, Po, tid. The control group (moderate or poor efficacy of SASP) was given prednisone acetate, 0.75 mg·kg-1·d-1, Po, tid. Observation group was given Taohua Tang and Buzhong Yiqi Tang in addition to therapy of the control group, 1 dose·d-1. The course of treatment was 12 weeks. Before and after treatment, Best CDAI, SES-CD, IBDQ and deficiency syndrome were scored, and levels of CRP, ESR, ALB, HB, PLT, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-17 were measured before and after treatment.Result:After treatment, the effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes in the observation group was better than that in the control group (Z = 2.058, P<0.05). The clinical remission rate, the effective rate and the endoscopic remission rate in the observation group were 93.18%, 100% and 86.36%, which were higher than 76.19%, 83.33% and 66.67% in the control group (P<0.05). Best CDAI, SES-CD and IBDQ scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.01), while IBDQ score was higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). CD activity in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (Z = 2.112, P<0.05). The degree of inflammation in the observation group was lighter than that in the control group (Z = 2.288, P<0.05). CRP, ESR and PLT levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01), whereas ALB and HB levels were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-17 levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01).Conclusion:In addition to the therapy of conventional western medicine, Taohua Tang and Buzhong Yiqi Tang in treatment of deficiency syndrome of Crohn's disease (CD) can control the activity degree of the disease, reduce the degree of illness and inflammation, and improve the remission rate and the quality of life, with a better clinical efficacy than the pure western medicine therapy.
Keywords:Crohn's disease;active phase;deficient cold of spleen and stomach;Taohua Tang;Buzhong Yiqi Tang;Th1 cell;Th17 cell
Abstract:Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of modified Bingtitang in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and its effect on pancreas islet function.Method:A total of 108 patients with T2DM were divided into two groups according to the digital number table method, with 54 cases in each group. The control group were given routine therapy of diabetic diet, proper exercise and blood sugar control, while the treatment group were orally given traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and modified Bingtitang in addition to the therapy of the control group. The blood sugar, pancreas islet function-related indexes, TCM syndrome score, serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and Betatrohin levels were compared between two groups before and after treatment. The total effective rate was also compared.Result:After treatment, the fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood glucose variation coefficient (CV-FPG), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) of the treatment group were lower than those of control group (P<0.01), while the ratio of insulin secretion index (HOMA-IS), 30-minute insulin increment (I30) and blood glucose proliferation (G30) to(ΔI30 /ΔG30)of treatment group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.01). The TCM score and the serum RBP4 level were lower than those of control group (P<0.01), while Betatrohin level was higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), and the total effective rate was higher than that of control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:In addition to the routine treatment, modified Bingtitang can effectively control blood sugar, improve pancreas islet function, and alleviate TCM syndromes, with a significant effect on T2DM. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of serum RBP4 and Betatrohin levels.
Keywords:type 2 diabetes mellitus;traditional Chinese medicine treatment;Bingtitang;pancreas islet function
Abstract:Objective:To prepare Lycii Fructus polysaccharide buccal tablets and investigate its immunomodulatory effect.Method:Taking the appearance, taste, hardness and disintegration time of the tablets as comprehensive evaluation index, based on single factor tests, central composite design-response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the prescription of Lycii Fructus polysaccharide buccal tablets with mass ratio of dextrin to mannitol, mass ratio of cyclamate to malic acid and dosage of sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS-Na) as factors. Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely the Lycii Fructus polysaccharide buccal tablets low (100 mg·kg-1·d-1), medium (200 mg·kg-1·d-1) and high (300 mg·kg-1·d-1) dose groups, the normal group (0.9% normal saline, 300 mg·kg-1·d-1) and the positive medicine group (Cinengsu group, 300 mg·kg-1·d-1). The immunomodulatory effect of the buccal tablets were investigated by calculating immune organ index, monocyte-macrophage phagocytic index, serum hemolysin antibody level, and the voix pedis thickness difference of delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) of mice.Result:Optimal prescription for the buccal tablets was 80% of Lycii Fructus extract, 11.5% of dextrin-mannitol (1.2∶1), 1% of cyclamate-malic acid (1∶1), 0.5% of cream essence, 6.5% of CMS-Na, 0.5% of magnesium stearate, and appropriate amount of 80% ethanol. Under the optimal condition, the hardness of the buccal tablets was 11.83 kg, its disintegration time was 13.21 min, both of which were in line with the relevant provisions of the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the buccal tablets had good appearance and taste. Compared with the normal group, medium and high dose groups of Lycii Fructus polysaccharide buccal tablets significantly increased thymus index, spleen index and phagocytic index of mice (P<0.05, P<0.01), serum hemolysin antibody level of mice was significantly increased in all Lycii Fructus polysaccharide buccal tablets groups (P<0.05, P<0.01), and DTH level of mice was significantly increased in high dose group of Lycii Fructus polysaccharide buccal tablets (P<0.05).Conclusion:The formulation process of the buccal tablets optimized by central composite design-response surface methodology is stable and feasible, and Lycii Fructus polysaccharide buccal tablets can improve the immune regulation function of normal mice, and this study can provide experimental basis for the development, utilization and clinical application of Lycii Fructus and Lycii Fructus polysaccharides.
Abstract:Objective:Taking zebrafish embryos as research model, to investigate the toxic effect of different polar fractions of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix before and after processing with vinegar on heart.Method:Zebrafish embryos with normal development at 12 h after fertilization were treated with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix before and after processing with vinegar for observation of cardiac development and function at 72 h.Result:Various polar fractions of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix before and after processing with vinegar had the cardiotoxicity on zebrafish embryos in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the cardiotoxicity of different polar fractions was followed by petroleum ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The cardiotoxicity was mainly manifested as slow cardiac development, pericardial edema, decrease of heart rate and apoptosis of cardiac cells. Compared with the corresponding polar fraction of raw products, the cardiotoxicity of the same polar fraction of vinegar-processed products with similar doses decreased.Conclusion:Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix has cardiotoxicity to zebrafish embryos and the cardiotoxicity is reduced after processing with vinegar, which can provide some experimental basis for further elucidation of the detoxication mechanism of Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix processed with vinegar.
Abstract:Objective:To detect the colony number of bacteria, yeasts and molds in fermentation process of Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentata (PRF), microbial flora species, and quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes of four dominant microorganisms at different fermentation time points of PRF, so as to provide experimental basis for exploring the processing mechanism of PRF.Method:According to Pharmaceutical Standard Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription of Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China (the 10th volume), PRF was processed. The samples at five different fermentation time points (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 h) of PRF were taken, the culturing, isolation and purification of bacteria, yeasts and molds were carried out with selective media, and the colonies were counted. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was employed to conduct absolute quantification of Bacillus subtilis, Paecilomyces variotii, Byssochlamys spectabilis and Aspergillus niger. The recombinant plasmids of these 4 microorganisms were used as the standard substances, and the standard curves were prepared after dilution of multiple ratios, quantitative analysis was performed on these 4 microorganisms in five samples at different processing time points (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 h) of PRF.Result:During the fermentation process of PRF, the number of bacteria was low with smooth change, while molds and yeasts grew dramatically at the late stage of fermentation and reached 1×106 CFU·mL-1 at the end of fermentation. At 5 different fermentation time points, the copy numbers of Bacillus subtilis were 3.53×105, 7.56×104, 1.58×105, 1.90×106, 1.85×106 copies·g-1, the copy numbers of Paecilomyces variotii were 0, 0, 0, 3.45×107, 4.15×108 copies·g-1, the copy numbers of Byssochlamys spectabilis were 0, 0, 0, 1.04×108, 2.28×108 copies·g-1, the copy numbers of Aspergillus niger were 0, 0, 9.48×105, 1.47×106, 7.56×106 copies·g-1, respectively.Conclusion:The change trend of microflora in the fermentation process of PRF can be reflected by the dynamic change of four dominant microorganisms, and molds may play an important role in the processing of PRF. Fluorescence quantitative PCR technique has the advantages of rapidity, sensitivity, good repeatability and high specificity, it is suitable for exploring processing mechanism of PRF.
Abstract:Objective:To analyze the odorous components and their contents in raw products, wine-processed products, vinegar-processed products and wheat bran-processed products of Periplaneta americana.Method:Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was used to extract the volatile components from different processed products, the chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the relative contents of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method.Result:A total of 41, 32, 40 and 47 components were respectively identified from raw, wine-processed, vinegar-processed and wheat bran-processed products of P. americana, involving a total of 13 common components.Conclusion:The odorous components in the raw products are mainly derived from aldehydes, alcohols, amines, hydrocarbons and other volatile substances. Odorous components can be reduced effectively and flavoring substances can be increased by wine, vinegar and wheat bran processing. This study provides a scientific basis for the further study of correcting odor of P. americana, it also provides a reference for analysis and correction of odor of animal medicines.
Abstract:Objective:To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of four active constituents, namely MSTG-A, MSTG-B, gaultherin and chlorogenic acid in the anti-inflammatory and analgesic active fraction (ARF) of the ethnic medicine Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis, in order to provide a methodological basis for the in-depth study and quality control of G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis, and lay a foundation for later preparation and clinical application.Method:The determination was performed on COSMOSIL 5C18-PAQ (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column with methanol-0.2%glacial acetic acid (gradient elution) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL·min-1. The column temperature was 25 ℃. The detection wavelength was set at 294 nm.Result:The linear range of MSTG-B, MSTG-A, gaultherin and chlorogenic acid were 0.014 06-0.450 00, 0.007 81-0.250 00, 0.003 13-0.100 00, 0.000 94-0.030 00 g·L-1 (r≥0.999 7), respectively, with a good precision, repeatability and stability. And the average recoveries were 100.81%, 98.99%, 96.12%and 102.56%, respectively. RSDs were 1.4%, 0.7%, 0.7%, 2.4%, respectively. The contents of MSTG-B, MSTG-A, gaultherin and chlorogenic acid in ARF fraction of G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis were 23.608, 41.973, 8.282, 2.673 mg·g-1, respectively.Conclusion:The established method was simple and accurate, with a high repeatability. It can be used for determination of four active constituents in ARF fraction of G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis, so as to provide a reference for the in-depth research, quality control and comprehensive evaluation of G. leucocarpa var. yunnanensis and lay a solid foundation for preparation and clinical application.
Keywords:Gaultheria leucocarpa var. yunnanensis;active fraction;MSTG-A;MSTG-B;gaultherin;chlorogenic acid;quantitative determination
Abstract:Objective:To develop a method to quantify nine constituents in different medicinal parts of Pimpinella thellungiana, in order to compare the content difference of the nine constituents, namely protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, isochlorogenic acid A, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide and isochlorogenic acid C.Method:The analysis was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile and mixed acid solution (0.1%phosphoric acid-0.1%glacial acetic acid) as mobile phase for gradient elution. The handover detection wavelengths were at 265 and 325 nm. The column temperature was 20 ℃, and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. The experiment data was analyzed using the software of Markerlynx XS.Result:The nine constituents of protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, isochlorogenic acid A, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide and isochlorogenic acid C had a good degree of separation and a good linearity in their respective linear ranges(r>0.999 8). The average recoveries ranged from 99.11%to 100.76%, and the RSD ranged from 0.9%to 2.0%. The results showed that the contents of the nine constituents had significant differences in different medicinal parts of P. thellungiana. The average contents of the nine constituents were the highest in leaves, which was followed by stem, and the lowest was in root.Conclusion:The study could provide evidence for the quality control, clinical application, and scientific resources utilization of P. thellungiana.
Abstract:Objective:To study the quality grading standards of Rheum palmatum seedlings.Method:The quality indicators, such as fresh weight, root length, root diameter, number of lateral roots and seedling lesions, of 80 R. palmatum seedlings from different producing areas in Gansu Provincial Real Estate District were detected, and the K-mean cluster analysis results of each data were used as reference basis for dividing the seedling quality level.Result:The fresh leaf weight, root length and root diameter were used as the main grading indicators to classify the rhubarb seedlings into four grades. Specifically, the extra-large seedlings have a plant weight >30.0 g, the root diameter>2.3 cm, and the root length >30.0 cm, with lateral roots, buds intact, no lesion, wounds. The first grade seedlings have a plant weight ≥25.0 g, root diameter≥2.1 cm, root length ≥25.0 cm, with no lateral root of more than 3 mm in diameter, bud intact, disease-free spots and wounds. The second grade seedlings have a plant weight ≥20.0 g, roots ≥1.8 cm, root length ≥20.0 cm, with no lateral roots with a basal diameter of more than 4 mm, complete buds, no lesion, wounds. The third grade seedlings have a plant weight ≥15.0 g, root thickness ≥1.5 cm, root length ≥15.0 cm, with a few lateral roots, intact buds, no lesion, wounds.Conclusion:Among the 80 samples of R. palmatum seedlings collected, the second and third grade seedlings accounted for 68.8%. The different grades of R. palmatum seedlings were transplanted as herbs after field processing. In terms of the fresh yield, the first grade > extra-large seedling > the second grade > the third grade seedlings, and in the plant twitch rate, extra-large seedlings> the first grade> the second grade > the third grade seedlings. Therefore, the first and second seedlings are recommended standardized production, rather than extra-large seedlings.
Abstract:Objective:To establish an effective classification and identification method for sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) maps of Rana dybowskii, its analogues and counterfeits based on cluster analysis and multivariate statistical analysis.Method:SDS-PAGE maps of 18 batches of R. dybowskii, its analogues and 2 counterfeits were obtained by SDS-PAGE method. SDS-PAGE maps were transformed into data matrix. NTSYSpc 2.10e statistical analysis software was used for cluster analysis, and SMICA-P 14.1 software was used for multivariate statistical analysis. Unsupervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Supervised Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) were performed for multivariate analysis and evaluation.Result:SDS-PAGE maps technology combined with cluster analysis and multivariate statistical analysis could accurately classify and identify R. dybowskii, its analogues and counterfeits. Cluster analysis could cluster four kinds of medicinal materials into four branches except No.1 medicinal materials. PCA results were superior to cluster analysis. Supervised PLS-DA and OPLS-DA results in multivariate statistical analysis were superior to unsupervised PCA. The classification and identification efficiencies of OPLS-DA were better than those of unsupervised PCA. OPLS-DA aggregated R. dybowskii, its analogues and 2 counterfeits into four groups. Six different protein components were obtained by comprehensive analysis of variable importance in projection (VIP) value, and OPLS-DA Bi load diagram, with relative molecular weights were 51.363, 35.838, 14.565, 17.563, 15.358 and 21.696 kDa, respectively.Conclusion:SDS-PAGE maps combined with cluster analysis and multivariate statistical analysis can be used as an effective method to classify and identify R. dybowskii, its analogues and counterfeits. This study provides a reference for the quality evaluation and screening of R. dybowskii.
Keywords:Rana chensinensis;polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis;cluster analysis;multivariate statistical analysis;differential components
Abstract:Objective:To establish the fingerprints of standard decoction of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix-dried products by different methods, and to evaluate the quality correlation.Method:HPLC, InertSustain C18 chromatographic column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), Gradient elution was performed for the mobile phase of acetonitrile-phospho, detection wavelength at 240 nm and flow rate of 0.8 mL·min-1, and column temperature was 40 ℃. The quality correlation analysis of different methods for different kinds of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix standard decoction was carried out from the aspects of chemical composition consistency, common chemical composition consistency, main chemical composition content and transfer rate.Result:The control fingerprint of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix standard decoction was established. According to the peak matching data, there were 10 common peaks in the fingerprint of 15 batches of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix standard decoction.Among the 10 common peaks, 5 chemical constituents of loganic acid, 6′-O-β-D-glucosyl gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside and swertia glycosides were identified. The results of quality correlation analysis showed that the three different drying methods were consistent with the chemical composition and quantity of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix standard decoction. But in terms of the content consistency of common chemical components and the transfer rate of main chemical components, the quality correlation between the products obtained from vacuum drying and the standard decoction was lower than that obtained from spray drying and freeze-drying.Conclusion:The fingerprint of different method of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix standard decoction was established. Through the analysis of the mass correlation of chemical composition consistency, common chemical composition content consistency, main chemical composition content and transfer rate, the mass correlation between them was comprehensively reflected. It is suggested that spray drying or freeze drying should be used for the key drying process of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix granules. This study provides a reference for the preparation process and quality control of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix granules.
Abstract:Objective:To determine the content of active ingredients in root bark, stems, leaves and fruits of three varieties of Sambucus williamsii (Saline-toleratedvariety, Natural Red No. 1 variety, Qingzhou No.15 variety), and identify the chemical patterns of the chemical components.Method:The content of polysaccharides, flavonoids, phenolic acids and triterpene were determined by UV spectrophotometry (UV) colorimetry. The content of anthocyanin was determined by pH differential method. Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, quercetin, protocatechuic acid, morroniside content were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The root bark, stems, leaves and fruits of three varieties were analyzed by chemical pattern recognition.Result:The quality of different samples was further evaluated by F3 and F6 comprehensive scores in principal component analysis. It was found that the root bark and leaves were higher in the comprehensive ranking, and the results were basically consistent with the quantitative results. The contents of polysaccharide and morroniside in Natural Red No. 1 variety root bark were the highest, which were 161.09 mg·g-1 and 8.33 mg·g-1, respectively. Flavonoids, rutin and quercetin were the highest in the Natural Red No. 1 variety leaf, which were 71.93, 4.09 and 3.57 mg·g-1 , respectively. Triterpene was the highest in Natural Red No. 1 variety fruit, which was 47.84 mg·g-1. Phenolic acid and anthocyanin were the highest in Saline-tolerated variety fruits, which were 11.25 mg·g-1 and 94.32 mg·g-1 , respectively. The Saline-tolerated variety stem had the highest oleanolic acid content, which was 1.41 mg·g-1. Saline-tolerated variety leaf had the highest contents of ursolic acid and gallic acid, which were 2.12 and 0.34 mg·g-1, respectively. The highest content of protocatechuic acid in Qingzhou No. 15 variety root bark, which was 0.12 mg·g-1.Conclusion:The content of Natural Red No. 1 variety is higher than that of the other two varieties, with a good quality.
Keywords:Sambucus williamsii;Saline-toleratedvariety;Natural Red No. 1variety;Qingzhou No.15 variety;root bark;stems;leaves;fruits
Abstract:Objective:To explore the wild medicinal plant species and utilization of Hasi mountain nature reserve, in order to provide the references for reasonable utilization and protection of the medicinal plant resources in this area.Method:The survey was conducted based on the technical scheme of the Fourth National Survey on Chinese Material Medica Resources. By consulting literature, collecting medicinal plants specimen and visiting survey area, researchers collected and summarized the wild medicinal plant species, and analyzed the results of reserves.Result:The results showed 7 varieties in 247 kinds of wild medicinal plants in Hasi mountain nature reserve, which belonged to 161 genera in 61 families; by the medicinal parts of all wild medicinal plants, the whole plant of a total of 124 species could be used, accounting for 48.82%of the total species, by traditional Chinese medicine efficacy, antipyretic herbs were the majority, accounting for 32.68%of the total. In addition, there were 8 kinds of rare and endangered wild medicinal plants, such as Ephedra sinica, Gentiana dahurica and Epipactis helleborine.Conclusion:Hasi mountain nature reserve has rich wild medicinal plant resources, and is an important part of medicinal plant resources and protection areas of Jingyuan county and Loess Plateau. However, because they are serious affected by incontinent excavation and insect pest, efforts shall be made in scientific protection and rational development.
Keywords:Hasi mountain;medicinal plants;resources;survey;rational development and utilization
Abstract:Objective:To analyze and compare volatile components in raw and fried products of Curcuma wenyujin radix, and find out the material basis for the differences in efficacy between them, in order to provide powerful support and reference for the rational use of C. wenyujin radix of different processed products and establish a more perfect quality evaluation system.Method:HS-SPME combined with GC-MS was used to analyze and compare volatile components and relative percentage in different processed products of C. wenyujin radix.Result:Totally 42 peaks were detected from the raw product of C. wenyujin radix, and 23 components were identified. Totally 59 peaks were detected from vinegar-baked C. wenyujin radix, and 34 components were identified. Totally 64 peaks were detected from wine-baked C. wenyujin radix, and 40 components were identified. Compared with C. wenyujin radix, 22 kinds of new ingredients were produced. Compared with C. wenyujin radix, 29 kinds of new ingredients were produced in wine-baked C. wenyujin radix. The composition and content of volatile components in different processed products of C. wenyujin radix were changed.Conclusion:The headspace solid phase micro-extraction method is simple in operation and fast in extraction speed, with no use of organic solvent, no pollutant in the environment and a low operation cost. The method using headspace solid phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has a high stability and reliability. It is suitable for rapid analysis of volatile components between C. wenyujin radix and its different processed products. It can provide a scientific basis for the quality evaluation of C. wenyujin radix and its different processed products, and a scientific reference for the rational use of C. wenyujin radix resources.
Abstract:Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Sishenwan in the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and to explore the key targets and signal pathway on the treatment of Ulcerative Coltis based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics.Method:To obtain the active ingredients and predicted target genes of Sishenwan by searching the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ETCM) database, from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and Database of Gene-disease Associations (DisGeNET), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Drug-targetDatabase (DrugBank), The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB) disease database collection of Ulcerative Colitis target genes, the drug-disease protein target gene was obtained by intersecting the two and to display the results by Cytoscape software, through the algorithm of network topology to screen out the key target genes, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were carried out on key target genes using Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis Softword Toolkit (GOEAST) and The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tools, analyze the mechanism of Sishenwan in preventing and treating Ulcerative Colitis combined with relevant literature.Result:There are 182 active ingredients and 611 predicted targets in Sishen Wans, 914 known disease targets related to the occurrence and development of Ulcerative Colitis were retrieved through the disease database, it was concluded that the effect of Sishenwan on Ulcerative Colitis mainly involves steroid hormone-mediated signal pathway, exogenous metabolic process, positive regulation of transcription of RNA polymerase II promoter, lipid metabolic process, detoxification of cell oxidant, signal transduction and other biological functions, and participates in arachidonic acid, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, cytochrome P450 for xenobiotics, chemical carcinogenesis and other key signal pathways.Conclusion:Sishenwan has the characteristics of multi-target, multi-channel and multi-level in the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Its multiple signal pathways are directly or indirectly related, participating in lipid protein metabolism, drug metabolism and anti-cancer mechanism, etc. It exerts its efficacy through comprehensive intervention on the digestive system, circulatory system, immune system and other multiple systems of the body, thus being consistent with the comprehensive effect mechanism of Ulcerative Colitis induced by multiple factors.
Abstract:Objective:Duanteng Yimutang(DTYMT) has a significant effect in treating rheumatoid arthritis, but its composition is complex and its mechanism is not clear. It is worthwhile to use network pharmacology approach to find active components, therapeutic targets and signal pathways of DTYMT.Method:The drug composition was selected according to the pharmacokinetic parameters in the pharmacology database, the analysis platform (TCMSP) and the TCM integrated database (TCMID) of the Traditional Chinese Medicine System. The drug and disease targets were excavated in the Drugbank database and the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and the drug-target-pathway network was constructed by network pharmacology tool Cytoscap, in order to explore the mechanism of the action of the components in the DTYMT.Result:It was found that 11 effective components of DTYMT could target 42 proteins in rheumatoid arthritis, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Various pathways, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, interleukin-17 (IL-17) pathway, helper T cell 17 (Th17) differentiation pathway, rheumatic arthritis pathway, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, osteoclast differentiation pathway, and ovarian steroid production pathway, were involved.Conclusion:DTYMT may be used to regulate inflammatory cytokines mainly through multiple inflammatory-related signal pathways, so as to play anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory roles in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Abstract:Objective:To explore the mechanism of Prunellae Spice in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) based on the network pharmacological method, in order to elaborate its scientific connotation.Method:The active ingredients and targets of Prunellae Spice were obtained through retrieval of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMSP), the disease-genome association database (DisGeNET) was searched to obtain the disease targets relating to non-small cell lung cancer, and the drug-component-disease-target network was constructed. The mechanism of action was analyzed. The key target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The gene ontology (GO) classification and enrichment analysis of key targets and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were carried out.Result:Totally 11 active ingredients and 178 targets were obtained from TCMSP, 2019 genes relating to non-small cell lung cancer were obtained from DisGeNET database, 114 key targets for Prunellae Spice to treat non-small cell lung cancer were obtained from drug-component-disease-target network, and 114 PPI networks were constructed, including 114 nodes and 1 952 edges. According to the analysis of PPI network, the key targets of Prunella vulgaris in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer included protein kinase B (Akt)1, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGFA), Caspase-3, interleukin(IL)-6, JUN, mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)8, MYC, epithelial growth factor receptor(EGFR). The enrichment of KEGG involved 152 biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell division, cell apoptosis. KEGG enrichment involved 147 signaling pathways. phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, NF-kappa B pathway, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway, p53 signaling pathway and EGFR signaling pathway played key roles in the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer.Conclusion:This study preliminarily verified the basic pharmacological effect and mechanisms of Prunellae Spice on NSCLC, and laid a foundation for further exploring its mechanisms.
Keywords:Prunellae Spice;non-small cell lung cancer;network pharmacology;active ingredients;mechanism of action
Abstract:Although the country has promulgated a list of 100 classical famous formula, there are still many confusions and choices in the development of compound preparations from classical prescriptions. In this paper, the development strategy of classical formula compound preparation was elaborated from three aspects: the evaluation of draggability, the consideration of industrialization and the clinical orientation. The draggability evaluation includes pharmacy and preclinical safety. It should focus on the factors such as substance benchmark, dosage, toxic herbal medicines, clinical use and so on. Industrialization considerations need to focus on how to use modern industrialization methods to prepare modern compound preparations with the same quality as material benchmarks. The use of extracts may be an effective way to solve the problems of low utilization rate of decoction pieces and inadequate industrial advantages. Clinical orientation should be clear about the main effect, take into account the secondary effect, pay attention to the negative effect, and consider the level of clinical value. A series of corresponding development strategies and ideas are proposed in order to provide references for enterprises and researchers who select and layout classical famous formula, to promote the development of classical prescription compound preparation.
Keywords:classical famous formulae;compound preparation;research and development strategies;evaluation of draggability;industrialization;clinical orientation
Abstract:Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death in the world and has become a major public health problem worldwide. CHD belongs to the category of " chest stuffiness" in traditional Chinese medicine, and the blood stasis syndrome is the most common syndrome.Danhong injection is prepared from the extract of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Carthami Flos. It has the functions of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. It has anti-inflammatory damage, anti-apoptosis, protection of vascular endothelium, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti-hyperlipidemia, anticoagulation, improvement of blood rheology and other effects.It also could improve myocardial ischemia and relieve angina symptoms.Danhong injection is widely used in various stages of CHD, including stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, postoperative percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI), ischemic cardiomyopathy, CHD with arrhythmia, CHD with hyperlipidemia, CHD with heart failure and CHD with diabetes.
Abstract:Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and its components play a role in the field of anti-hepatocarcinoma. The definition of its mechanism of action in autophagy contributes to the development of TCM in the field of anti-hepatocarcinoma. In this paper, we summarized reports on the autophagy of liver cancer cells induced by TCM and its active ingredients, including those on promoting apoptosis and cycle inhibition induced by autophagy and inhibiting autophagy to block tumor cell cycle, but with a lack of systematic summarization. In this paper, according to different effect of TCM on autophagy induced by hepatocarcinoma, the TCM and its components were inductively analyzed in four aspects: inducing killing autophagy, inhibiting protective autophagy, inducing protective autophagy in liver cancer, and inducing unclear autophagy. According to the findings, TCMs and components that cause killing autophagy can inhibit the occurrence of autophagy, arrest cell cycle, induce cell senescence or promote apoptosis. TCMs and components that inhibit protective autophagy can inhibit protective autophagy and hepatoma cell proliferation. TCMs and components that induce protective autophagy have a significant anti-hepatocarcinoma effect, shall be considered to be combined with autophagy inhibitors to enhance the lethality of drugs on liver cancer cells, and become a new way for such drugs to treat liver cancer. TCMs and components with an unclear inductive effect shall be first identified for their type of autophagy, then combined with autophagy agonists or blockers according to the type of autophagy to enhance their anti-liver cancer effect, and provide a new clinical therapeutic approach for liver cancer. In the aspect of autophagy, this study not only reveals the molecular mechanism of anti-hepatocarcinoma of TCM, but also makes it a new way to study anti-hepatocarcinoma by TCM.
Keywords:traditional Chinese medicine;liver cancer;autophagy;analysis
Abstract:Tumor is a new organism caused by normal local tissue and cell proliferation under the effect of various tumorigenic factors. It is a serious threat to human health and life. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, heat poison that is similar to tumorigenic factor is one of the main causes of tumor. Modern studies have shown that Qingre Jiedu drugs have the effect in clearing heat, detoxifying, resisting bacteria and inflammation, improving immunity and resisting tumor. Therefore, Qingre Jiedu drugs are an important part of traditional Chinese prescriptions for the treatment of tumors. The research of Qingre Jiedu drugs has attracted more and more attention. Molecular pharmacological studies have shown that Qingre Jiedu drugs can play a significant role in the treatment of many kinds of tumors by regulating the targets in multiple cell signal transduction pathways. Based on literatures, due to the lack of specific review on heat and detoxification drugs for the treatment of tumor mechanism in recent years, Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Hedyotis diffusa willd and Scutellariae Barbatae Herba with typical effect in clearing heat and detoxification were selected to study the tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis and angiogenesis, and effects in reducing or eliminating chemotherapeutic drug resistance, inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Hedyotis diffusa willd and Scutellariae Barbatae Herba through Wnt/beta-catenin, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt), Hedgehog signaling pathways. Apparently, heat and detoxification drugs can inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors as a result of the common action of various components in heat and detoxification drugs. Meanwhile, heat and detoxification drugs have the advantages over chemical therapy and surgical treatment. This provides a reference for the application and further study of heat and detoxification drugs in tumor treatment, and new theoretical support and action target of modern medicine for the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in treating cancer.
Abstract:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common malignancy in the world. Although there is progress in HCC diagnosis and treatment, it is still the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide because it is not easily diagnosed early and the disease progresses quickly. China is a high-risk area for HCC, and the number of cases is high and on the rise. Its prevention and treatment is a pressing problem. At present, western medicine is still unclear about the complex pathogenesis and clinical treatment of HCC. There are still many shortcomings and huge challenges. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has its unique advantages in the treatment of HCC. With an overall concept, it has unique therapeutic effect and fewer side effect on HCC, it can not only inhibit tumor growth, but also alleviate patients' clinical symptoms and improve their quality of life. Therefore, the study of the effect of TCM in treating HCC has attracted the attention from many clinicians and researchers. However, the chemical composition of TCM formula is complex, with many targets and huge network of pharmacodynamic mechanisms, which greatly limits the research on the development of clinical drugs for the Chinese medicine formula. In recent years, there have been achievements in the studies of anti-hepatocarcinoma efficacy and mechanism of action of Chinese medicine compound, which mainly focused on the compound's effect in inhibiting the proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells, blocking cell cycle and inducing apoptosis and autophagy, inhibiting liver cancer cell invasion and metastasis, regulating the immune function, synergism and attenuation, and reversing the drug resistance. In this paper, domestic and foreign literatures on the above-mentioned pharmacodynamics and mechanism of anti-liver cancer of TCM compound were studied, analyzed, summarized and summarized. This paper briefly reviews the research progress of its anti-hepatocarcinoma mechanism, and provides scientific ideas and evidence for the future study of the anti-hepatocarcinoma mechanism of TCM compound and its rational clinical application.
Keywords:traditional Chinese medicine compound;prevention and treatment of liver cancer;hepatocellular carcinoma;inhibiting liver cancer tumors;mechanism
Abstract:In recent years, near-infrared spectroscopy has developed into an analytical technique widely used in various fields. Because of its advantages of fast, green and non-destructive, it plays an increasingly prominent role in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) analysis. However, due to the complexity and overlap of spectra, near-infrared spectroscopy needs to be combined with chemometrics for analysis and calculation. The principle, application scope, advantages and limitations of near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics are summarized in detail, in addition, their combined applications in the identification of the origin, authenticity, processed products, composition prediction and water content detection of TCM are reviewed. The authors discussed and analyzed the joint application of near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics in the field of TCM analysis, and summarized the unique advantages of the combined technology in the field of TCM, which had certain guiding significance for medical workers to better use this technology.
Keywords:near-infrared spectroscopy;chemometrics;traditional Chinese medicine;qualitative analysis;quantitative analysis;partial least square method;water content
Abstract:Rosmarini Officinalis Herba is a common shrubby aromatic plant, which is widely used in traditional food and folk medicine. At present, most of relevant researches focus on rosemary's essential oil, ethanol and water extract, which not only plays an important role in food preservation, preservation and condiments, but also is often used to improve acne, dandruff, circulation function, alleviate muscle pain and fatigue and treat asthma, bronchitis. It has a high application value, and a variety of other pharmacological effects. However, Rosmarini Officinalis Herba has not been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, with no quality evaluation standard for its medicinal use. The products in the market may have some potential safety hazards in the use process. Therefore, the full understanding of the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of rosemary is crucial for a comprehensive study of the properties and applications of Rosmarini Officinalis Herba. Through the collation and analysis of relevant literatures at home and abroad, it is concluded that Rosmarini Officinalis Herba has anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-depression and other pharmacological effects. The chemical constituents extracted from Rosmarini Officinalis Herba are rich in acid phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids and essential oils. Up to now, there are no systematic and comprehensive report on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Rosmarini Officinalis Herba. This paper reviews the progress of the researches on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Rosmarini Officinalis Herba, and discusses its application, in the expectation to lay a foundation for the future research on food development, drug research and clinical application of rosemary.
Abstract:Chronic renal failure (CRF) is one of the major diseases affecting people's health. The patients' renal function shows chronic progressive irreversible damage, which ultimately leads to complete loss of renal function, and seriously impacts the quality of life of patients and even life-threatening. At early or middle stages, the treatment of CRF focuses on delaying or reversing the progress of the disease, with the aim to prevent the occurrence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). ESRD has to be treated by renal replacement therapy. Currently, with the continuously developing dialysis and kidney transplantation technology has extended the life of ESRD patients and improved the quality of life. However, there are still many problems, such as more complications, high mortality, high costs and limited transplant conditions. The non-dialysis treatment of traditional Chinese medicine plays an extremely important role in intervening the progress of CRF, and the curative effect of treating this disease is constantly improving, and it has received extensive attention and concerns from kidney scientists at home and abroad. Therefore, it is of great significance to play the role of traditional Chinese medicine and seek effective prescriptions for the treatment of CRF in the early and middle stages. Hei Dihuangwan is an effective prescription for CRF in clinic. It has a certain clinical basis, important values in alleviating renal anemia, bone disease, malnutrition, endocrine and lipid metabolism disorders, microinflammation and residual renal function protection in patients with CRF. There are also extensive experimental studies on the treatment of CRF with Hei Dihuangwan. Through the experimental study on 5/6 nephrectomy in rats with chronic renal failure, it has been found that Hei Dihuangwan can resist inflammation, fibrosis and oxidation, repair immune inflammatory injury, regulate hormone metabolism disorder, impact the regulation mechanisms, such as hemodynamics and hemorheology, delay the process of renal fibrosis in rats with renal failure, and effectively protect rat kidney function. This article reviews the recent advances in the clinical and experimental studies of CRF.
Keywords:Hei Dihuangwan;chronic renal failure;clinical and experiment
Abstract:Ischemic stroke is one of the diseases that seriously threaten human health. It is characterized by the high morbidity, disability rate and mortality, and has been lacking effective treatment. Its occurrence is related to metabolic disorder, calcium overload, free radical injury, inflammatory reaction, etc. Gardeniae Fructus not only has antipyretic, analgesic, hepatoprotective and cholagogic effects, but also has protective effects against ischemic brain injury. At present, there are more studies about the main components of Gardeniae Fructus against ischemic brain injury, but the mechanism is unclear. In this paper, the mechanism of the main active ingredients from Gardeniae Fructus in the treatment of cerebral ischemia injury in recent years was reviewed, and the effective component monomer and the whole were analyzed, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of ischemic brain injury of Gardeniae Fructus decoction pieces, and provide a reference for further research and application of this decoction pieces.