1.江西中医药大学,南昌 330004
2.南昌医学院,南昌 330052
努尔·艾力,在读硕士,从事中药资源与药效学研究,E-mail:nuerailiaili@163.com
钟卫红,讲师,从事中药和民族药资源与品质评价研究,E-mail:zhongweihong@jxutcm.edu.cn
曹岚,硕士,副教授,从事中药资源与民族药研究,E-mail:674179402@qq.com; *
收稿:2025-02-28,
修回:2025-12-08,
录用:2025-12-09,
网络出版:2025-04-07,
纸质出版:2026-02-05
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努尔·艾力 ,曹清雨,刘欢等.根皮苷通过调节IRS-1/PI3K/Akt信号通路改善T2DM大鼠的糖脂代谢紊乱[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(03):139-148.
Aili Nuer,CAO Qingyu,LIU Huan,et al.Phlorizin Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in T2DM Rats by Modulating IRS-1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(03):139-148.
努尔·艾力 ,曹清雨,刘欢等.根皮苷通过调节IRS-1/PI3K/Akt信号通路改善T2DM大鼠的糖脂代谢紊乱[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(03):139-148. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250644.
Aili Nuer,CAO Qingyu,LIU Huan,et al.Phlorizin Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders in T2DM Rats by Modulating IRS-1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(03):139-148. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250644.
目的
2
观察根皮苷改善2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠肝脏糖脂代谢紊乱的药效学作用,并基于胰岛素受体底物-1(IRS-1)/磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)通路探讨其作用机制。
方法
2
采用高脂饲料和链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立T2DM大鼠模型,分为空白组,模型组,二甲双胍组(300 mg·kg
-1
),根皮苷高、低剂量组(100、25 mg·kg
-1
),灌胃给药6周,观察大鼠体质量和空腹血糖(FBG)的变化,开展口服葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT);全自动生化分析仪检测血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、糖化血清蛋白(GSP)水平、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT);酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测空腹胰岛素(FINS)、白细胞介素(IL)-1
β
、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-
α
;生化法测定肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平;计算胰腺指数、肝脏指数、胰岛素抵抗指数;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察大鼠肝脏和胰腺病理变化,免疫荧光法(IF)检测胰腺组织中胰岛素和胰高血糖素的变化;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测肝脏组织IRS-1/PI3K/Akt通路相关蛋白及其下游糖原合酶激酶-3
β
(GSK-3
β
)和叉头盒转录因子O1(FoxO1)蛋白的表达。
结果
2
与空白组比较,模型组大鼠体质量持续下降、FBG水平明显升高,OGTT血糖曲线下面积(AUC)、GSP、TC、TG、LDL-C、MDA、IL-1
β
、IL-6、TNF-
α
水平及胰腺指数、肝脏指数、胰岛素抵抗指数明显升高,HDL-C、SOD、FINS水平明显降低(
P
0.05,
P
0.01);组织学结果显示,模型组大鼠胰岛萎缩,呈现显著结构紊乱,胰岛素阳性
β
细胞显著减少(
P
0.01),胰高血糖素阳性
α
细胞显著增加(
P
0.01);模型组大鼠肝有炎性细胞浸润,部分细胞坏死,而且肝脏磷酸化(p)-IRS-1/IRS-1、p-GSK-3
β
/GSK-3
β
、p-FoxO1/FoxO1蛋白表达显著升高(
P
0.01),p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt蛋白表达显著降低(
P
0.01)。与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠糖尿病症状有所改善,体质量和FBG变化趋势接近空白组,OGTT-AUC、GSP、TC、TG、LDL-C、MDA、IL-1
β
、IL-6、TNF-
α
水平及胰腺指数、肝脏指数、胰岛素抵抗指数明显减少(
P
0.05,
P
0.01),HDL-C、SOD、FINS水平明显升高(
P
0.05,
P
0.01);各给药组大鼠胰腺和肝脏病理改变得到有效改善,胰腺中胰岛素阳性
β
细胞显著增加(
P
0.01),胰高血糖素阳性
α
细胞显著减少(
P
0.01),肝脏中p-IRS-1/IRS-1、p-GSK-3
β
/GSK-3
β
、p-FoxO1/FoxO1蛋白表达显著减少(
P
0.01),p-PI3K/PI3K、p-Akt/Akt蛋白表达显著升高(
P
0.01)。
结论
2
根皮苷逆转T2DM大鼠出现的体质量减轻和FBG异常升高,改善血脂、氧化应激、炎症水平,缓解胰岛素抵抗,且对肝脏和胰腺有一定的保护作用,其降糖作用机制可能是通过调节IRS-1/PI3K/Akt信号通络,降低GSK-3
β
和FoxO1活性,促进肝脏糖原合成,抑制肝脏糖异生功能,进而发挥改善糖脂代谢紊乱。
Objective
2
To observe the pharmacodynamic efficacy of phlorizin in improving hepatic glycolipid metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rats and to explore its mechanism of action based on the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway.
Methods
2
A high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) were used to establish T2DM rat models. The rats were randomly assigned into six groups: the blank control group, model group, metformin group (300 mg·kg
-1
), and phlorizin high-dose (100 mg·kg
-1
) and low-dose groups (25 mg·kg
-1
). The rats were given intragastric administration for 6 weeks. The changes in body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were observed, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glycated serum protein (GSP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The levels of fasting insulin (FINS), interleukin (IL)-1
β
, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-
α
were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by the biochemical assays. The pancreas index, liver index, and insulin resistance index were calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes in liver and pancreatic tissues. The immunofluorescence method was used to detect the changes in insulin and glucagon in pancreatic tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression of related proteins in the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway of liver tissue and its downstream glycogen synthase kinase-3
β
(GSK-3
β
) and forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) proteins.
Results
2
Compared with the blank control group, the body weight of rats
in the model group continued to decrease, while the FBG level increased significantly. The area under the OGTT blood glucose curve (AUC), GSP, TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-1
β
, IL-6, TNF-
α
, MDA, pancreatic index and liver index increased significantly, while the levels of HDL-C, SOD, and FINS decreased significantly (
P
0.05,
P
0.01). Histological results showed that the pancreatic islets of rats in the model group exhibited atrophy and severe structural abnormalities. The insulin-positive
β
-cells decreased significantly (
P
0.01), while the glucagon-positive
α
-cells increased significantly (
P
0.01). Inflammatory cell infiltration and partial necrosis were observed in the liver tissues of the model group rats. The expressions of p-IRS-1/IRS-1, p-GSK-3
β
/GSK-3
β
, and p-FoxO1/FoxO1 proteins in the liver of the model group increased significantly (
P
0.01), while the expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt proteins decreased significantly (
P
0.01). Compared with the model group, the diabetic symptoms of rats in all administration groups were improved. The changes in body weight and FBG were close to those of the blank control group. The levels of OGTT-AUC, GSP, TC, TG, LDL-C, MDA, IL-1
β
, IL-6, TNF-
α
and the pancreatic index, liver index were obviously reduced (
P
0.05,
P
0.01), while the levels of HDL-C, SOD, and FINS obviously increased (
P
0.05,
P
0.01). The pathological changes of the pancreas and liver in rats in all treatment groups were effectively improved. The insulin-positive
β
-cells in the pancreas increased significantly (
P
0.01), while the glucagon-positive
α
-cells decreased significantly (
P
0.01). The protein expressions of p-IRS-1/IRS-1, p-GSK-3
β
/G
SK-3
β
, and p-FoxO1/FoxO1 in the liver were significantly reduced (
P
0.01), while the protein expressions of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt significantly increased (
P
0.01).
Conclusion
2
Phlorizin reversed the weight loss and abnormal increase of FBG in T2DM rats, improved blood lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and inflammatory levels, alleviated insulin resistance, and had certain protective effects on the liver and pancreas. The hypoglycemic mechanism may involve regulating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to inhibit the activities of GSK-3
β
and FoxO1, thereby promoting liver glycogen synthesis and suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis, ultimately improving glycolipid metabolism disorders.
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