1.中国中医科学院 西苑医院,北京 100091
2.中国中医科学院,北京 100700
郭晓晨,在读博士,从事中医药防治老年病研究,E-mail:gmx80211@163.com
刘美霞,博士,主任医师,博士生导师,从事中医药防治老年病研究,E-mail:liumeixia2004@126.com
收稿:2025-06-26,
修回:2025-09-10,
录用:2025-09-18,
网络出版:2025-09-22,
纸质出版:2026-02-05
移动端阅览
郭晓晨,刘剑刚,石丹丹等.益智清心方调控PKA/CaN通路改善阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠认知功能的机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(03):97-108.
GUO Xiaochen,LIU Jiangang,SHI Dandan,et al.Mechanism of Yizhi Qingxin Prescription in Regulating PKA/CaN Pathway to Improve Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(03):97-108.
郭晓晨,刘剑刚,石丹丹等.益智清心方调控PKA/CaN通路改善阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠认知功能的机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(03):97-108. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20252009.
GUO Xiaochen,LIU Jiangang,SHI Dandan,et al.Mechanism of Yizhi Qingxin Prescription in Regulating PKA/CaN Pathway to Improve Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(03):97-108. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20252009.
目的
2
基于蛋白激酶A(PKA)/钙调磷酸酶(CaN)信号通路,探讨益智清心方调控线粒体Ca
2+
稳态和动力学平衡改善阿尔茨海默病(AD)线粒体功能障碍的作用机制。
方法
2
将60只3月龄淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)/早老素1(PS1)双转基因小鼠随机分为模型组、多奈哌齐组(0.65 mg·kg
-1
)、益智清心方低剂量组(2.6 g·kg
-1
)、益智清心方中剂量组(5.2 g·kg
-1
)及益智清心方高剂量组(10.4 g·kg
-1
),每组12只。同遗传背景的C57BL/6J小鼠12只作为正常组。各治疗组每日灌胃给药,模型组与正常组给予等容积生理盐水,连续干预12周。采用新物体识别(NOR)和Morris水迷宫(MWM)实验评估小鼠学习记忆能力;苏木素-伊红(HE)/尼氏(Nissl)染色观察海马组织病理学改变;透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察线粒体超微结构;氟-4乙酰氧甲基酯(Fluo-4 AM)Ca²⁺探针测定脑组织胞浆内Ca²⁺浓度;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测海马组织中PKA、CaN、钠/钙/锂交换器(NCLX)、线粒体钙单向转运体(MCU)、钙调蛋白(CaM)、动力相关蛋白1(Drp1)、磷酸化(p)-Drp1[丝氨酸637位点(S637)]蛋白的表达;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测PKA、CaN、CaM、NCLX、MCU、Drp1 mRNA的表达。
结果
2
与正常组比较,模型组小鼠识别指数(RI)降低(
P
0.01),穿越原平台区域次数、目标象限停留时间及路程缩减(
P
0.01),PKA、NCLX、p-DRP1(ser637)蛋白表达减少(
P
0.05),PKA、NCLX mRNA表达减少(
P
0.05);而逃避潜伏期延长(
P
0.05),细胞内Ca
2+
水平升高(
P
0.01);CaN、CaM、MCU、Drp1蛋白表达及CaN、MCU、Drp1 mRNA表达增加(
P
0.05)。经多奈哌齐及益智清心方干预后,与模型组比较,治疗组小鼠RI提升(
P
0.05),穿越平台次数、目标象限停留时间增加(
P
0.05),PKA、NCLX、p-Drp1(ser637)蛋白表达及PKA、NCLX mRNA表达增加(
P
0.05);第4~5天逃避潜伏期缩短(
P
0.05),细胞内Ca
2+
水平降低(
P
0.05),CaN、CaM、MCU、Drp1蛋白表达及CaN、MCU、Drp1 mRNA表达减少(
P
0.05)。
结论
2
益智清心方通过调控PKA/CaN通路,上调PKA、NCLX、p-Drp1(ser637)蛋白表达,降低CaN、CaM、MCU、Drp1蛋白表达,调节Ca
2+
稳态和线粒体动力学平衡,从而提升AD小鼠的空间学习与记忆能力。
Objective
2
To explore the mechanism by which Yizhi Qingxin prescription improves mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) through regulating mitochondrial Ca
2+
homeostasis and kinetic balance based on the protein kinase A (PKA)/calcineurin (CaN) signaling pathwa
y.
Methods
2
Sixty three-month-old amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin 1 (PS1) double transgenic mice were randomly divided into a model group, a donepezil group(0.65 mg·kg
-1
), a low-dose Yizhi Qingxin prescription group (YQF-L,2.6 g·kg
-1
), a medium-dose Yizhi Qingxin prescription group (YQF-M,5.2 g·kg
-1
), and a high-dose Yizhi Qingxin prescription group (YQF-H,10.4 g·kg
-1
), with 12 mice in each group. Twelve C57BL/6J mice with the same genetic background served as a normal group. Each treatment group received gavage administration daily, with the model and normal groups receiving equal volume of physiological saline. Intervention continued for 12 consecutive weeks. The learning and memory abilities of the mice were assessed using the novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE)/Nissl staining was used to observe histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe mitochondrial ultrastructure. Fluo-4 acetoxymethyl ester (Fluo-4 AM) Ca
2+
probe was used to measure intracellular Ca
2+
concentration in brain tissue. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of PKA, CaN, sodium/calcium/lithium exchanger (NCLX), mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), calmodulin (CaM), dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), and phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (serine 637 site) [p-Drp1(S637)] in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to measure the expression of PKA, CaN, CaM, NCLX, MCU, and Drp1 mRNAs.
Results
2
Compared with those in the normal group, the recognition index (RI) of the model group decreased (
P
0.01), and the number of crossings through the original platform area, the duration of stay in the target quadrant, and the distance were reduced (
P
0.01). The protein expression of PKA, NCLX, and p-DRP1 (
ser637) significantly decreased (
P
0.05), and the mRNA expression of PKA and NCLX significantly decreased (
P
0.05). The escape latency (EL) was prolonged (
P
0.05), and the intracellular Ca
2+
level significantly increased (
P
0.01). The protein expression of CaN, CaM, MCU, and Drp1, as well as the mRNA expression of CaN, MCU, and Drp1, significantly increased (
P
0.05). After intervention with Donepezil and Yizhi Qingxin prescription, compared with that in the model group, the RI of the treatment group significantly increased (
P
0.05), and the number of crossings through the platform and the duration of stay in the target quadrant significantly increased (
P
0.05). The protein expression of PKA, NCLX, and p-Drp1 (ser637) and the mRNA expression of PKA and NCLX significantly increased (
P
0.05). On the 4th and 5th days, the EL was shortened (
P
0.05), and the intracellular Ca
2+
level decreased (
P
0.05). The protein expression of CaN, CaM, MCU, and Drp1 and the mRNA expression of CaN, MCU, and Drp1 significantly decreased (
P
0.05).
Conclusion
2
Yizhi Qingxin prescription regulates the PKA/CaN pathway, upregulates the expression of PKA, NCLX, and p-Drp1 (ser637) proteins, reduces the expression of CaN, CaM, MCU, and Drp1 proteins, and regulates Ca
2+
homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamic balance, thereby enhancing the spatial learning and memory abilities of AD mice.
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