1.浙江中医药大学 药学院,杭州 311402
2.浙江中医药大学 附属第一医院,杭州 310006
3.浙江省肿瘤医院,杭州 310005
4.浙江大学 医学院 附属第二医院,杭州 310009
5.杭州康仑中药饮片有限公司,杭州 311103
吴鑫,在读博士,从事中药特色炮制研究,E-mail:wuxin@zcmu.edu.cn
孙彩华,副主任中药师,从事中药炮制质量研究,E-mail:sch.szyy@163.com
曹岗,博士,研究员,从事中药炮制机制研究,Tel:0571-61768532,E-mail:caogang33@163.com;
收稿:2025-04-15,
修回:2025-09-23,
录用:2025-10-23,
网络首发:2025-10-23,
纸质出版:2026-03-20
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吴鑫,陈翠微,余乔等.浙派特色炮制品九蒸九制白术的多维全息表征[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(06):197-205.
WU Xin,CHEN Cuiwei,YU Qiao,et al.Multi-dimensional Holographic Characterization of Zhejiang Characteristic Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma with Nine-time Repeating Steaming and Processing[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(06):197-205.
吴鑫,陈翠微,余乔等.浙派特色炮制品九蒸九制白术的多维全息表征[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(06):197-205. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20252068.
WU Xin,CHEN Cuiwei,YU Qiao,et al.Multi-dimensional Holographic Characterization of Zhejiang Characteristic Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma with Nine-time Repeating Steaming and Processing[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(06):197-205. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20252068.
目的
2
历代本草所载浙江白术具备“凤头鹤颈、甜味重、气清香”等优质性状特征,而今市场流通率低,且具有浙派特色的白术炮制品面临失传,本研究旨在传承浙派古法炮制工艺并进行现代科学评价。
方法
2
针对九蒸九制白术药材(过程炮制品)外观性状“质地-结构”及其饮片(切片)内在品质“气味”进行多维智能感官评价。主要采用色差仪、质构仪、电子鼻及电子舌整体数字化表征九蒸九制白术特色炮制品性状参数,再运用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)系统解析九蒸九制白术化学成分。随后进行九蒸九制白术药材(过程炮制品)和饮片(切片)气味差异、九蒸九制白术饮片水溶性和醇溶性浸出物滋味差异的聚类分析,以及色度值-醇溶性浸出物含量-成分响应值相关性分析。
结果
2
九蒸九制白术特色炮制品外表皮黑褐色至黑色,切面棕褐色至棕黄色,质稍坚韧,气微,味微甜,微苦辛。质构仪测得九蒸九制白术药材中部黏附性最小且回复性最大,符合蒸透、蒸熟炮制终点;头部位置的内部硬度、弹性和咀嚼性均最大,体现炮制品头部质地较为致密。电子鼻传感器可明显区分九蒸九制白术药材及其饮片差异,且60 ℃烘制30 min较常温顶空2 h聚类效果更显著,体现九蒸九制白术药材在切片前烘制程度影响较大。电子舌滋味信号图谱可显著区分九蒸九制白术饮片水溶性和醇溶性浸出物差异,且加入辅料炮制可提高其醇溶性浸出物含量。共鉴定出九蒸九制白术82种化学成分,白术九蒸九制后58种成分含量上升,24种成分含量降低。相关性分析表明,九蒸九制白术醇溶性浸出物含量与其明度值(
L
*
),黄蓝值(
b
*
),总色差值(
E
*
ab
)均呈显著负相关(
P
<
0.01),
E
*
ab
与异绿原酸A和异绿原酸C响应值呈明显负相关(
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
该研究建立了九蒸九制白术多维全息表征的现代智能感官评价模式,明确了异绿原酸类成分增加与不同次数蒸制外观色泽及内在醇溶性浸出物之间的相关性。可为浙派特色炮制品九蒸九制白术的质量评价与炮制规范提供参考。
Objective
2
Historically documented Zhejiang Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu) possesses premium characteristics such as phoenix-like head and crane-like neck, pronounced sweetness, and fragrant aroma. However, its current market circulation is low, and the processed products with Zhejiang-style characteristics are at the risk of being lost. This study aims to preserve the ancient Zhejiang-style processing techniques and evaluate them using modern scientific methods.
Methods
2
Multidimensional intelligent sensory evaluation was used to digitally characterize the "quality-structure" of the external appearance of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu medicinal materials(intermediate processed products) and the "odor-taste" of the internal quality of its decoction pieces(slices), and the appearance parameters were digitally characterized by colorimeter, texture analyzer, electronic nose and electronic tongue, the chemical composition was analyzed via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). Then, cluster analysis on the differences in odor between the medicinal materials(intermediate processed products) and decoction pieces(slices) of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu was conducted, as well as the differences in taste between water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts of the decoction pieces(slices), and the correlation analysis of chroma value-alcohol-soluble extract content-component response value.
Results
2
The nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu had a dark brown to black epidermis, a brownish-yellow to brownish-gray cross-section, a slightly tough texture, a faint odor, and a slightly sweet, bitter and pungent taste. Texture analyzer measurements revealed minimal adhesion and maximum recovery in the middle section of the characteristic processed Baizhu, consistent with the processing endpoint of thorough steaming and cooking. The head section showed the highest internal hardness, elasticity and chewiness, indicating a denser texture in this area. The electronic nose sensor could clearly distinguish the difference between the medicinal materials and its decoction pieces, with a more significant clustering effect at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes compared to ambient temperature headspace for 2 hours, highlighting the significant impact of the baking degree before slicing on the quality. The electronic tongue taste signal map clearly distinguished the differences between water-soluble and alcohol-soluble extracts of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu decoction pieces, and the addition of auxiliary materials during processing could enhance its alcohol-soluble extract content. A total of 82 chemical components were identified in the characteristic processed Baizhu. After processing, the contents of 58 components increased, while 24 components decreased. Correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations(
P
<
0.01) between ethanol-soluble extract content and colorimetric values of brightness(
L
*
), yellow-bule value(
b
*
), an
d total color difference(
E
*
ab
).
E
*
ab
showed marked negative correlations(
P
<
0.05) with the response values of isochlorogenic acid A and C.
Conclusion
2
This study establishes a modern intelligent sensory evaluation model for multidimensional holographic characterization of nine-steamed and nine-processed Baizhu, clarifying the correlation between increased isochlorogenic acid content and the visual color appearance after different steaming cycles, as well as its intrinsic alcohol-soluble extracts. This provides a reference for quality evaluation and processing standards of the Zhejiang-style characteristic processed products.
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