1.湖北中医药大学 教育部工程中心,武汉 430065
2.湖北时珍实验室,武汉 430065
张军路,在读硕士,从事中医延缓衰老理论及应用研究,E-mail:414137538@qq.com
谢光璟,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,从事中医药防治老年病研究,E-mail:397525306@qq.com
收稿:2025-06-24,
修回:2025-10-28,
录用:2025-10-28,
网络首发:2025-10-31,
纸质出版:2026-03-20
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张军路,谢光璟,王平.基于EphA4/ephrinA3信号通路探讨安寐丹改善老年睡眠剥夺模型神经元突触结构功能损伤的作用[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(06):36-45.
ZHANG Junlu,XIE Guangjing,WANG Ping.Effect of Anmeidan in Ameliorating Neuronal Synaptic Structural and Functional Impairment in Aged Sleep Deprivation Model via EphA4/ephrinA3 Signaling Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(06):36-45.
张军路,谢光璟,王平.基于EphA4/ephrinA3信号通路探讨安寐丹改善老年睡眠剥夺模型神经元突触结构功能损伤的作用[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(06):36-45. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20252105.
ZHANG Junlu,XIE Guangjing,WANG Ping.Effect of Anmeidan in Ameliorating Neuronal Synaptic Structural and Functional Impairment in Aged Sleep Deprivation Model via EphA4/ephrinA3 Signaling Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(06):36-45. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20252105.
目的
2
探讨安寐丹(AMD)对老年睡眠剥夺模型肝配蛋白A型受体4(EphA4)/肝配蛋白A3(ephrinA3)信号通路蛋白表达及突触结构功能的影响。
方法
2
72只18月龄老年小鼠随机分为空白组,模型组,安寐丹高、中、低剂量组(26.26、13.13、6.565 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
)和褪黑素组(1.3 mg·kg
-1
·d
-1
),每组12只。以新物体实验检测小鼠的认知水平,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察海马组织的细胞数量和形态,尼氏染色观察海马组织的细胞结构、计算尼氏小体数量;透射电镜观察突触微观结构,重点观察突触形态结构变化;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测海马组织中EphA4、ephrinA3及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、谷氨酸-天冬氨酸转运体(GLAST)、谷氨酸转运体1(GLT-1)、生长相关蛋白43(GAP43)、突触后致密蛋白95(PSD95)、突触素(SYN)等蛋白的表达水平;免疫荧光双标分别将EphA4、ephrinA3与胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、神经元核抗原(NeuN)进行共染,观察目标蛋白与神经元及星形胶质细胞的共定位情况。
结果
2
与空白组比较,模型组小鼠旧物体探索时间增加(
P
<
0.01),而新物体探索时间和识别指数均降低(
P
<
0.01),小鼠海马组织CA1区、CA3区和DG区神经元细胞数量减少,尼氏小体减少,突触结构损伤;海马组织BDNF、GLAST、GLT-1、GAP43、PSD95、SYN蛋白表达均减少;EphA4、ephrinA3和GFAP蛋白表达升高;与模型组比较,安寐丹低、中、高剂量组和褪黑素组小鼠探索新物体时间和新物体识别指数均升高(
P
<
0.01),旧物体探索时间均显著降低(
P
<
0.01),改善了CA1区和DG区神经元细胞损伤,提高CA1区尼氏小体数量;缓解细胞器和突触结构损伤;提高BDNF、GLAST、GLT-1、GAP43、PSD95、SYN的蛋白表达,降低EphA4、ephrinA3和GFAP的蛋白表达(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。
结论
2
安寐丹可调节老年睡眠剥夺模型EphA4/ephrinA3信号通路蛋白表达,增强突触蛋白表达并改善神经元突触损伤。
Objective
2
To investigate the effects of Anmeidan (AMD) on protein expression of the ephrin type-A receptor 4 (EphA4)/ephrinA3 signaling pathway and synaptic structural function in an aged sleep deprivation model.
Methods
2
Seventy-two 18-month-old aged mice were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, AMD high-, medium-, and low-dose groups (26.26, 13.13, 6.565 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
, respectively), and a melatonin group (1.3 mg·kg
-1
·d
-1
), with 12 mice in each group. Cognitive function was assessed using the novel object recognition test. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe cell number and morphology in hippocampal tissues, and Nissl staining was performed to examine cellular structure and quantify Nissl bodies. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe synaptic ultrastructure, with emphasis on changes in synaptic morphology and structure. Western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of EphA4, ephrinA3, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST), glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), and synaptophysin (SYN) in hippocampal tissues. Immunofluorescence double labeling was performed to co-stain EphA4 and ephrinA3 with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN), respectively, to observe the colocalization of target proteins with neurons and astrocytes.
Results
2
Compared with the blank group, the model group exhibited increased exploration time of familiar objects (
P
<
0.01), while exploration time of novel objects and the recognition index were decreased (
P
<
0.01). The number of neurons in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus was
reduced, Nissl bodies were decreased, and synaptic structures were damaged. Protein expression levels of BDNF, GLAST, GLT-1, GAP43, PSD95, and SYN in hippocampal tissues were decreased, whereas the expression levels of EphA4, ephrinA3, and GFAP were increased. Compared with the model group, the AMD low-, medium-, and high-dose groups and the melatonin group showed increased exploration time of novel objects and higher novel object recognition indices (
P
<
0.01), along with significantly reduced exploration time of familiar objects (
P
<
0.01). Neuronal damage in the CA1 and DG regions was ameliorated, the number of Nissl bodies in the CA1 region was increased, and organelle and synaptic structural damage was alleviated. Protein expression levels of BDNF, GLAST, GLT-1, GAP43, PSD95, and SYN were increased, and protein expression levels of EphA4, ephrinA3, and GFAP were decreased (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01).
Conclusion
2
AMD can regulate protein expression of the EphA4/ephrinA3 signaling pathway in an aged sleep deprivation model, enhance synaptic protein expression, and improve neuronal synaptic damage.
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