1.黑龙江中医药大学,经方与现代中药融合创新全国重点实验室,中医方证代谢组学研究中心, 哈尔滨 150040
2.广州中医药大学 第二附属医院,广东省中医院, 省部共建中医湿证国家重点实验室,广州 510120
赵雪萍,在读硕士,从事中医方证代谢组学的研究,E-mail:1640428636@qq.com
王喜军,教授,博士生导师,从事中药血清药物化学和中医方证代谢组学研究,E-mail:junw@sina.com
收稿:2025-09-07,
修回:2025-10-31,
录用:2025-11-10,
网络首发:2025-11-24,
纸质出版:2026-03-20
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赵雪萍,张欣雅,杨乐等.二妙类方及其有效成分干预湿热型痛风性关节炎的作用及机制研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(06):276-285.
ZHAO Xueping,ZHANG Xinya,YANG Le,et al.Effect and Mechanisms of Ermiao Formula Analogs and Their Active Components in Treating Dampness-heat Type Gouty Arthritis: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(06):276-285.
赵雪萍,张欣雅,杨乐等.二妙类方及其有效成分干预湿热型痛风性关节炎的作用及机制研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(06):276-285. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20252243.
ZHAO Xueping,ZHANG Xinya,YANG Le,et al.Effect and Mechanisms of Ermiao Formula Analogs and Their Active Components in Treating Dampness-heat Type Gouty Arthritis: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(06):276-285. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20252243.
痛风性关节炎(GA)由嘌呤代谢紊乱致尿酸盐(MSU)沉积引发,中医属“湿热痹”范畴,核心病机为湿热蕴结、脾肾失司,湿热型为常见且急性发作时的主要证型;西医认为与嘌呤代谢失衡及MSU诱发的炎症反应NOD样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎性小体激活、Toll样受体2/4(TLR2/4)等介导的通路相关,临床常用秋水仙碱等药用于治疗GA,然而长期使用存在副作用。二妙类方源于古方,包含二妙、三妙、四妙复方,均含有苍术、黄柏,二妙丸1∶1组方,三妙丸加川牛膝,四妙丸再加之薏苡仁。其有效成分丰富,包含生物碱类、萜类、黄酮类、甾醇类等,通过多成分、多通路、多靶点治GA。其中,二妙散以抗炎为主,抑制TLR4/核转录因子-
κ
B(NF-
κ
B)等通路或调控免疫反应减少炎症因子释放,抑制黄嘌呤脱氢酶(XDH)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)活性减少尿酸生成;三妙丸因引经药牛膝增强其降尿酸与抗炎功能,还具有保护软骨损伤的作用;四妙丸借薏苡仁调控肠道菌群,改善湿热症状,多途径抗炎降尿酸。有效成分在调控尿酸代谢、抗炎、抗氧化、修复骨损伤方面各有作用,因三方配伍不同而表现出差异作用。综上,二妙散类方治湿热型GA疗效显著,总结其研究进展与机制,为临床用药、新药开发及后续研究提供依据。
Gouty arthritis (GA) is caused by monosodium urate(MSU) deposition due to purine metabolism disorders. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it falls under the category of "dampness-heat Bi syndrome", with core pathogenesis involving dampness-heat accumulation and dysfunction of the spleen and kidney. The dampness-heat syndrome is the most common and the primary synd
rome type during acute attacks. In Western medicine, GA is associated with purine metabolism imbalance and inflammation triggered by MSU crystals, involving pathways such as NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) signaling. Clinically, colchicine and similar drugs are commonly used to treat GA, although long-term use carries potential side effects. Ermiao Formula analogs originate from ancient prescriptions, including Ermiao, Sanmiao, and Simiao compound formulas. All contain Atractylodis Rhizoma and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex. Ermiaowan follow a 1∶1 formulation ratio. Sanmiaowan add Cyathulae Radix. Simiaowan further incorporate Coicis Semen. These formulas are rich in active ingredients, including alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and sterols, and treat GA through multi-component, multi-pathway, and multi-target mechanisms. Ermiaosan primarily exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting pathways such as TLR4/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-
κ
B) or regulating immune responses to reduce the release of inflammatory mediators, while also suppressing xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity to decrease uric acid production. Sanmiaowan enhance uric acid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects through the guiding herb Cyathulae Radix, while also protecting cartilage from damage. Simiaowan utilizes Coicis Semen to regulate intestinal flora, alleviate dampness-heat symptoms, and exert multi-pathway anti-inflammatory and uric acid-lowering effects. The active ingredients contribute differently to uric acid metabolism regulation, anti-inflammation, antioxidant activity, and bone repair, resulting in varying therapeutic effects due to differences in formula composition. In summary, formulas derived from Ermiaosan demonstrate significant efficacy in treating dampness-heat type GA. This review summarizes their research progress and mechanisms, providing a reference for clinical application, new drug development, and further studi
es.
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