1.中国中医科学院 中药研究所,北京 100700
2.北京中医药大学,北京 100029
3.北京中医药大学 东直门医院,北京 100700
4.北京航天总医院,北京 100007
张丰丰,硕士,从事中医临床及中药药理学研究,E-mail:zhangfengfeng15@sina.com
王颖超,博士,副主任医师,从事中医临床及中药药理学研究,E-mail:wangyingchaobear@sina.com;
赵宗江,博士,教授,主任医师,从事中医临床及中药药理学研究,E-mail:zongjiangz@sina.com
收稿:2025-12-18,
修回:2026-01-13,
录用:2026-01-16,
网络首发:2026-01-19,
纸质出版:2026-03-20
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张丰丰,杨倩雯,陈晔欣等.糖尿病肾病中医病因病机、辨证论治及用药规律分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(06):246-253.
ZHANG Fengfeng,YANG Qianwen,CHEN Yexin,et al.Etiology and Pathogenesis, Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment, and Medication Rules of Diabetic Kidney Disease[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(06):246-253.
张丰丰,杨倩雯,陈晔欣等.糖尿病肾病中医病因病机、辨证论治及用药规律分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(06):246-253. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20260336.
ZHANG Fengfeng,YANG Qianwen,CHEN Yexin,et al.Etiology and Pathogenesis, Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment, and Medication Rules of Diabetic Kidney Disease[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(06):246-253. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20260336.
糖尿病肾病是糖尿病最常见的微血管并发症之一,中医药在改善临床症状、降低蛋白尿、延缓进入透析时间等方面发挥独特优势,历代学者对糖尿病肾病的病因病机、治疗策略众说纷纭、百家争鸣。该文系统梳理了糖尿病肾病的病因病机、辨证论治及用药规律,旨在为临床提供参考。病因方面,糖尿病肾病与禀赋不足、饮食失节、情志失调、劳欲过度及消渴迁延密切相关,病机演变呈现动态过程:早期阴虚燥热,精微下泄;中期气阴两虚,湿瘀互结;晚期阴阳两虚,浊毒内蕴;其中瘀血、糖毒作为核心病理因素,贯穿疾病始终,加速肾络损伤和纤维化。诊疗特色上,当代学者均倡导分期辨治,强调防治结合、全程治疗,主张中西医综合治疗。用药规律分析显示,各家紧扣本虚标实核心,将扶正祛邪贯穿全程,重视活血化瘀法,善用固肾涩精药,巧用通腑泄浊解毒法,注重健脾益气护胃,倡导从风论治。要进一步凝练名老中医学术思想,围绕中医药在防治糖尿病肾病中创新病机学说、临床有效方药开展研究,以期提高中医药防治包括糖尿病肾病在内的临床重大疾病诊疗能力。
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a unique role in improving clinical symptoms, reducing proteinuria, and delaying the initiation of dialysis. Over time, scholars have held diverse views on the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies of DKD. This paper systematically reviews the etiology and pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation and treatment, and medication rules of DKD, aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice. Regarding etiology, DKD is closely related to insufficient innate endowment, improper diet, emotional disorders, overexertion, and prolonged diabetes. Its pathogenesis evolves dynamically. Specifically, early stage is characterized by Yin deficiency with dryness-heat and subtle discharge. Middle stage involves both Qi and Yin deficiency with dampness and blood stasis. Late stage presents Yin and Yang deficiency with intrinsic turbidity toxins. Blood stasis and sugar toxicity are the core pathological factors, persisting throughout the disease course and accelerating renal collateral damage and fibrosis. In terms of diagnosis and treatment, contemporary scholars advocate stage-specific treatment, emphasize the integration of prevention and therapy, recommend whole-course management, and support comprehensive TCM and Western medicine approaches. Analysis of medication rules shows that treatment consistently addresses the core principle of deficiency at the root and excess at the surface, strengthens the body while dispelling pathogenic factors, emphasizes promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, consolidates the kidney and astringes essence, clears Fu-organs and eliminates turbidity and toxins, invigorates the spleen, replenishes Qi, protects the stomach, and advocates treatment based on pathogenic wind. Further refinement of the academic thoughts of classical TCM masters and research into innovative pathogenesis theories and clinically effective prescriptions are needed to enhance TCM's ability to prevent and treat major clinical diseases, including DKD.
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