“Malignant tumors of the digestive system are one of the leading causes of death worldwide and bring a heavy economic burden. This article introduces the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating gut microbiota. Researchers have explored the mechanism by which traditional Chinese medicine exerts anti-tumor effects through regulating gut microbiota composition, regulating metabolites, repairing intestinal barriers, and affecting immune function, opening up new directions for the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors of the digestive system.”