“The pathogenesis of diabetes combined with depression is complex, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. In recent years, studies have shown that the disorder of the interaction between microglia and neurons plays a key role in the pathological process of diabetes combined with depression. This article introduces the research progress in the field of traditional Chinese medicine intervention. Focusing on the pathological mechanism of the interaction between microglia and neurons in diabetes combined with depression, this paper systematically elaborates the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating the interaction process, providing new ideas and potential targets for the clinical prevention and treatment of diabetes combined with depression.”