“Paeoniflorin can significantly improve lipid deposition and insulin resistance in MASLD mice. Its mechanism of action may be through targeting HSP90AA1, TLR4, and NFKB1 to regulate the TLR4/NF - κ B-IRS1 inflammatory insulin signaling axis, inhibit inflammatory response, and restore insulin signaling transduction, thereby improving glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities. The research progress in the field of metabolism related fatty liver disease was introduced. The research team established an in vitro and in vivo model system of paeoniflorin intervention in MASLD combined with insulin resistance, explored its regulatory mechanism on the TLR4/NF - κ B-IRS1 signaling axis, and provided a solution for drug development of metabolic diseases.”