“Nano self-assembly of traditional Chinese medicine has become the research frontier in this field because it can spontaneously form an orderly structure and improve the insoluble components in the body. This paper introduces its research progress in the treatment of fibrosis, inflammatory and immune diseases, infectious diseases, cancer and other fields. Researchers have established a multi index comprehensive evaluation system, explored the assembly rule from a single component to a complex system, and provided solutions to solve the clinical transformation obstacles of active components of traditional Chinese medicine.”