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云南中医药大学 中药学院, 昆明 650500
张雪,在读硕士,从事中药资源的研究,Tel:0871-65918127,E-mail:zhangxue618107@163.com
曹冠华,博士,高级实验师,硕士生导师,从事中药资源与菌根微生物的研究,Tel:0871-65918127,E-mail:cgh20031695@163.com
贺森,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,从事中药资源与分子生物学的研究,Tel:0871-65918127,E-mail:sunbelt123@163.com
纸质出版日期:2020-07-20,
网络出版日期:2020-01-03,
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张雪,王希付,赵荣华等.药用植物甾体皂苷生物合成途径研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2020,26(14):225-234.
ZHANG Xue,WANG Xi-fu,ZHAO Rong-hua,et al.Biosynthesis of Steroidal Saponins in Herbs[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2020,26(14):225-234.
张雪,王希付,赵荣华等.药用植物甾体皂苷生物合成途径研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2020,26(14):225-234. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20200812.
ZHANG Xue,WANG Xi-fu,ZHAO Rong-hua,et al.Biosynthesis of Steroidal Saponins in Herbs[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2020,26(14):225-234. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20200812.
甾体皂苷是药用植物中普遍存在的一类功效物质,由糖基和甾体皂苷元缩合而成,甾体皂苷的生物合成途径主要包括细胞质甲羟戊酸(MVA)途径和质体2-C-甲基-
D
-赤藓醇-4-磷酸(MEP)两条途径,并以MVA途径为主。在生物合成途径中涉及一系列关键酶,包括3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR),1-脱氧-木酮糖-5-磷酸合酶(DXS),1-脱氧-木酮糖-5-磷酸还原异构酶(DXR),法尼基焦磷酸合酶(FPS),鲨烯合酶(SS),鲨烯环氧酶(SE),环阿屯醇合酶(CAS),细胞色素P450酶(CYP450),糖基转移酶(SGTase)等。在综合前人研究的基础上,该文对甾体皂苷生物合成途径路线图进行了补充和细化,而对近5年来有关药用植物甾体皂苷生物合成关键酶(基因)生物学信息研究报道整理发现,药用植物中
HMGR,SS,CYP450,UGT
基因研究相对较多,而对FPS,SE,CAS的报道则较少。整体来看,目前对甾体皂苷生物合成途径研究尚处于初级阶段,对于关键酶功能研究缺乏强有力的直接证据。可为甾体皂苷的后续研究提供参考和理论支撑。
Steroidal saponins are efficacious substances wildly existed in the herbs,and consist of glycosyl and steroid sapogenin. The biosynthesis pathways of steroidal saponins mainly include the cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathway and the plastidial methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway,with the MVA pathway as the main pathway. The key enzymes are involved in the biosynthetic pathway
including 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase(HMGR),1-deoxy-
D
-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase(DXS),1-deoxy-
D
-xylulose-5-phosphatereduetoisomerase(DXR),farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase(FPS),squalene synthase(SS),squalene epoxidase(SE),cycloartenol synthase(CAS),cytochrome P450(CYP450),and steroidalglycosyltransferase(SGTase). In the paper,the biosynthesis roadmap of steroidal saponins was optimized based on previous studies. According to a comprehensive analysis on studies of key enzymes for the past five years
genes
like
HMGR
,
SS
,
CYP450
and
UGT
,were studied more,while other genes,like FPS,SE,CAS,were known less. In conclusion, current studies still focus on the primary stage,but lack direct evidence for the roles of key enzymes. This paper would provide a reference and theoretical support for subsequent studies.
药用植物甾体皂苷生物合成关键酶关键基因细胞质甲羟戊酸(MVA)途径
herbssteroidal saponinsbiosynthesiskey enzymeskey genecytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathway
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