1.河南中医药大学 康复医学院,郑州 450046
2.河南省中医院,郑州 450053
3.河南中医药大学 第一附属医院,郑州 450003
马璐瑶,在读硕士,从事神经系统疾病损伤后功能障碍的康复治疗研究,E-mail:819931585@qq.com
李彦杰,硕士,主任医师,硕士生导师,从事中西医结合治疗神经系统疾病研究,Tel:0371-60908747,E-mail:yanjieli2008@126.com
收稿:2024-11-06,
录用:2025-01-14,
网络出版:2025-01-21,
纸质出版:2025-04-20
移动端阅览
马璐瑶,李彦杰,刘昊源等.基于AMPK/PGC-1α信号通路探讨通脉开窍丸对血管性认知障碍大鼠海马神经元线粒体生物发生的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(08):125-134.
MA Luyao,LI Yanjie,LIU Haoyuan,et al.Effect of Tongmai Kaiqiao Pills on Mitochondrial Biogenesis of Hippocampal Neurons in Rats with Vascular Cognitive Impairment Based on AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(08):125-134.
马璐瑶,李彦杰,刘昊源等.基于AMPK/PGC-1α信号通路探讨通脉开窍丸对血管性认知障碍大鼠海马神经元线粒体生物发生的影响[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(08):125-134. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250205.
MA Luyao,LI Yanjie,LIU Haoyuan,et al.Effect of Tongmai Kaiqiao Pills on Mitochondrial Biogenesis of Hippocampal Neurons in Rats with Vascular Cognitive Impairment Based on AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(08):125-134. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20250205.
目的
2
观察通脉开窍丸对血管性认知障碍(VCI)大鼠海马组织AMP活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)/过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体
γ
辅激活子-1
α
(PGC-1
α
)信号通路及线粒体生物发生的影响,探究通脉开窍丸改善VCI大鼠认知障碍的潜在机制。
方法
2
从72只雄性SD大鼠中选取12只用作假手术组,剩余大鼠采用改良2VO法造模,按随机数字表法将造模成功的大鼠分为模型组,通脉开窍丸高、低剂量组(27.6、13.8 g·kg
-1
),联合组(通脉开窍丸27.6 g·kg
-1
+Dorsomorphin 25 mg·kg
-1
)、盐酸多奈哌齐组(0.45 g·kg
-1
),经过4周持续腹腔注射相应药物后,使用Morris水迷宫测试来检测大鼠的学习和记忆能力;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色及尼氏(Nissl)染色检测大鼠海马组织病理学变化;比色法检测大脑海马组织线粒体三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量;线粒体超氧化物红色荧光探针法(MitoSOX Red)检测大鼠线粒体活性氧(ROS)水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测线粒体DNA拷贝数;透射电镜(TEM)观察线粒体的病理变化;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测大鼠海马AMPK、PGC-1
α
、磷酸化(p)-AMPK、核呼吸因子1(Nrf1)、线粒体转录因子A(TFAM)蛋白的表达量。
结果
2
与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠穿越平台次数显著减少(
P
<
0.01),逃避潜伏期显著延长(
P
<
0.01),海马区神经元排列混乱,间隙增宽,核膜核仁界限模糊,可见坏死细胞出现,尼氏小体颜色浅且数量减少,严重丢失,线粒体萎缩,嵴溶解消失,损伤严重,ROS含量增加、ATP水平降低、mtDNA拷贝数显著下降(
P
<
0.01),p-AMPK、PGC-1
α
、Nrf1、TFAM蛋白表达明显减少(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。与模型组比较,通脉开窍丸高剂量组、盐酸多奈哌齐组大鼠找寻平台时间显著缩短(
P
<
0.01),穿越平台次数显著增加(
P
<
0.01),海马神经元线粒体形态结构有所恢复,神经元死亡情况缓解,尼氏小体数量增加,损伤程度减轻,ROS含量降低、ATP水平和mtDNA拷贝数明显增加(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),p-AMPK、PGC-1
α
、Nrf1、TFAM蛋白表达明显增加(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01);与模型组比较,通脉开窍丸低剂量组逃避潜伏期显著缩短(
P
<
0.01),穿越平台次数有所增加,但差异无统计学意义,线粒体肿胀变形,嵴变短并部分消失,损伤程度改善不明显,尼氏小体数量有所增多,但差异无统计学意义,ROS含量显著下降(
P
<
0.01),但ATP水平和mtDNA拷贝数无明显差异,PGC-1
α
蛋白表达量明显增加(
P
<
0.05),但p-AMPK、Nrf1、TFAM蛋白表达无明显差异,结果差异无统计学意义。与盐酸多奈哌齐组比较,通脉开窍丸高剂量组各检测结果没有明显变化,差异无统计学意义。与通脉开窍丸高剂量组比较,联合组大鼠穿越平台次数显著降低(
P
<
0.01),逃避潜伏期显著延长(
P
<
0.01),神经元细胞数量减少,组织结构混乱,细胞肿胀且轮廓模糊,尼氏小体数量明显减少,ROS含量增加、ATP水平和mtDNA拷贝数显著降低(
P
<
0.01),p-AMPK、PGC-1
α
、Nrf1、TFAM表达明显下降(
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
通脉开窍丸能够通过激活AMPK/PGC-1
α
信号通路,促进线粒体生物发生,减轻海马区神经元的病理损伤,从而改善大鼠的认知功能,显示出其治疗潜力。
Objective
2
To observe the effects of Tongmai Kaiqiao pills on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1
α
(PGC-1
α
) signaling pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis in hippocampal tissue of rats with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and to investigate the potential mechanism of Tongmai Kaiqiao pills in improving cognitive impairment in rats with VCI.
Methods
2
Twelve of 72 male SD rats were selected as the sham operation group, and the remaining rats were modelled using the modified 2VO method. The rats that were successfully modelled were divided into the model group, the high-dose group of Tongmai Kaiqiao pills (27.6 g·kg
-1
), the low-dose group of Tongmai Kaiqiao pills (13.8 g·kg
-1
), the combination group (27.6 g·kg
-1
Tongmai Kaiqiao pills + 25 mg·kg
-1
dorsomorphin), and the donepezil hydrochloride group (0.45 g·kg
-1
) according to the random number table method. After four weeks of continuous intraperitoneal injection of the corresponding drugs, the Morris water maze test was used to test the learning and memory ability of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining were used to detect pathological changes in the hippocampus of the rats. The content of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the brain hippocampus was detected by colorimetry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected in rat mitochondria by MitoSOX Red assay. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR). Pathological changes in mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and AMPK, PGC-1
α
, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) protein expression in the hippocampus of the rats were detected by Western blot
.
Results
2
Compared with those in the sham operation group, rats in the model group had a reduced number of platform crossings (
P
<
0.01), significantly prolonged evasion latency (
P
<
0.01), disorganized neuronal arrangement in the hippocampal region, widened gaps, and blurred nucleus membrane and nucleolus boundaries. The emergence of necrotic cells was visible. The color of the nissl bodies was light, and the number was reduced with severe loss. Mitochondria were atrophied, and cristae were lost. Severe damage was observed. The content of ROS was increased, and the level of ATP was decreased. mtDNA copy number decreased significantly (
P
<
0.01), and the protein expression of p-AMPK, PGC-1
α
, Nrf1, and TFAM decreased (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with those in the model group, rats in the high-dose group of Tongmai Kaiqiao pills and donepezil hydrochloride group showed a shorter time to find the platform (
P
<
0.01), increased number of platform crossings (
P
<
0.01), restored mitochondrial morphology and structure of the hippocampal neurons, alleviated neuronal death, increased number of nissl bodies, weaken degree of injury, lower content of ROS, and significantly increased levels of ATP and number of copies of mtDNA (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). In addition, there was increased protein expression of p-AMPK, PGC-1
α
, Nrf1, and TFAM (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, the evasion latency was shortened in the low-dose group of Tongmai Kaiqiao pills (
P
<
0.01), and the number of platform crossings was increased, but the difference was not statistically significant. The mitochondria were swollen and deformed, and the cristae became shorter and partially disappeared. The degree of damage did not improve significantly, and the number o
f nissl bodies was increased but not statistically significant. The ROS content decreased (
P
<
0.01), but there was no significant difference in ATP level and mtDNA copy number. The protein expression of PGC-1
α
was increased (
P
<
0.05), but there was no significant difference in the protein expression of p-AMPK, Nrf1, and TFAM, and the results were not statistically significant. Compared with the donepezil hydrochloride group, there was no significant change in the results of each assay in the high-dose group of Tongmai Kaiqiao pills, and the difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the high-dose group of Tongmai Kaiqiao pills, rats in the combination group had a significantly lower number of platform crossings (
P
<
0.01), a significantly longer evasion latency (
P
<
0.01), a reduced number of neuronal cells, disorganized tissue structure, swollen and blurred cell outlines, a significant reduction in the number of nissl bodies. Moreover, there was an increase in the content of ROS, a decrease in the level of ATP and the number of mtDNA copies (
P
<
0.01), and a decrease in the expression of p-AMPK, PGC-1
α
, Nrf1, and TFAM (
P
<
0.05).
Conclusion
2
Tongmai Kaiqiao pills is able to improve cognitive function in rats by activating the AMPK/PGC-1
α
signaling pathway, promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, and attenuating pathological damage to neurons in the hippocampal region, thereby demonstrating its therapeutic potential.
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