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1.南京中医药大学 中医药文献研究院,南京 210023
2.江苏省经典名方工程研究中心,南京 210023
Received:09 November 2023,
Published Online:21 March 2024,
Published:20 March 2025
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吴纪东,陈仁寿.基于古代文献分析的经典名方柴胡桂枝汤关键信息考证[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(06):199-210.
WU Jidong,CHEN Renshou.Textural Research on Key Information of Chaihu Guizhitang[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(06):199-210.
吴纪东,陈仁寿.基于古代文献分析的经典名方柴胡桂枝汤关键信息考证[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2025,31(06):199-210. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240515.
WU Jidong,CHEN Renshou.Textural Research on Key Information of Chaihu Guizhitang[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2025,31(06):199-210. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20240515.
柴胡桂枝汤为《古代经典名方目录(第二批)》收录的经典名方,通过广泛搜集、系统梳理记载柴胡桂枝汤古籍文献,对该方的方剂源流、药物组成、药物基原与炮制、用药剂量、制法及用法、方义与主治病证等关键信息进行考证研究。共获得相关有效古代文献数据173条,涉及各类中医古籍共计97部。柴胡桂枝汤出自张仲景《伤寒论》,由柴胡、黄芩、桂枝、芍药、人参、半夏、甘草、生姜、大枣9味药组成。历代医籍中载有“柴胡加桂汤”“柴胡加桂枝汤”“桂枝柴胡各半汤”等异名。历代医籍中所载药物组成与原方基本一致,建议遵照原方药物组成;其药物基原遵2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》所载,炮制方法上,半夏用“姜半夏”,甘草用“炒甘草”,其余药味皆用生品。《伤寒论》原方主治太阳少阳并病,历代医籍载治疗心腹卒中痛、寒疝腹中痛、谵语、疟疾、肾气冷热不调、动气等。结合现代用药实际,建议用药剂量为柴胡14.92 g,黄芩、桂枝、白芍、人参、生姜各5.60 g,半夏4.66 g,甘草3.73 g,大枣4.30 g。具体煎服法建议以水1 400 mL,煎取600 mL,饭后温服,每服200 mL,每日3次。
Chaihu Guizhitang is one of the classical formulas in the
Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas
(the second batch). Through extensive searching and systematic review of ancient medical books on Chaihu Guizhitang, this study summarized the key information of this formula, which encompassed the origin and development, medicinal composition, original plants and processing, dosage, preparation method, usage, compatibility, and indications. A total of 173 valid data entries were obtained, involving a total of 97 ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. Chaihu Guizhitang is first recorded in ZHANG Zhongjing's
Treatise on Cold Damage
and consists of nine herbs: Bupleuri Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Paeoniae Alba Radix, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, and Jujubae Fructus. In ancient medical books, this formula has synonyms such as Chaihu Jia Gui Tang, Chaihu Jia Guizhitang, and Guizhi Chaihu Ge Ban
Tang. The medicinal composition of this formula recorded in ancient medical books is basically consistent with that of the original formula, and it is thus recommended that the composition of the original formula should be followed in the current clinical application. The original plants of the herbal medicines in this formula are in accordance with those in the
Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China
(2020 edition). In terms of processing methods, Pinelliae Rhizoma processed with ginger, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is stir-fried. Other herbal medicines in this formula are used with the raw materials. According to the record in the
Treatise on Cold Damage
, Chaihu Guizhitang is mainly used to treat diseases involving Greater Yang and Lesser Yang. Ancient medical books record that this formula can treat sudden pain in the heart and abdomen, cold abdominal colic, delirium, malaria, thermal imbalance of kidney Qi, and motive Qi. Considering modern medication practice, it is recommended that Chaihu Guizhitang is composed of 14.92 g Bupleuri Radix, 5.60 g Scutellariae Radix, 5.60 g Cinnamomi Ramulus, 5.60 g Paeoniae Alba Radix, 5.60 g Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 5.60 g Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, 4.66 g Pinelliae Rhizoma, 3.73 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and 4.30 g Jujubae Fructus, which should be decocted with 1 400 mL water to reach a volume of 600 mL. The decoction should be taken warm after meals, 200 mL each time, three times a day.
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