“"Vascular dementia (VaD) is a cognitive dysfunction syndrome caused by cerebrovascular disease. As the second common type of dementia in the world, its incidence rate is second only to Alzheimer's disease. The pathological mechanism of VaD is complex, involving multiple biological processes such as neovascularization, neuroinflammation, cell apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Among them, neovascularization, as a key link in the pathological process of VaD, is mainly regulated through the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. In recent years, the application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of VaD has gradually received attention, especially the unique advantages of tonifying qi, promoting blood circulation, and removing blood stasis treatment in clinical practice. This treatment method is based on the theory of qi and blood in traditional Chinese medicine, emphasizing the improvement of the pathological state of "blood stasis" by harmonizing the circulation of qi and blood. Its scientific connotation has gradually been elucidated in modern pharmacological research. This article combines the concept of "dispelling blood stasis and generating new blood vessels" in traditional Chinese medicine with the mechanism of "new blood vessel generation" in modern medicine. It systematically reviews the research status of promoting new blood vessel generation and treating VaD based on the treatment of tonifying qi, activating blood circulation, and removing blood stasis. It covers the research progress of single Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine compound preparations in promoting new blood vessel generation, reducing cell apoptosis, and improving cerebral hemodynamics through multi-target and multi-channel synergistic effects. In addition, the article also discussed the treatment method of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with prescriptions, breaking through the traditional single treatment mode. Acupuncture combined with medication can not only enhance the effect of neovascularization, but also improve the cognitive function and quality of life of VaD patients through multiple pathways. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine in VaD treatment, this article points out that although modern medicine has advantages in pathological mechanism research and targeted therapy, it has limitations in overall regulation and multi-target intervention. Traditional Chinese medicine, through the comprehensive action of multiple components and targets, can better adapt to the complex pathological characteristics of VaD. However, there are still some shortcomings in the research on the treatment of VaD with traditional Chinese medicine, such as the mechanism of action not being fully understood and insufficient clinical research. Therefore, future research should further combine modern pharmacology, molecular biology, and other interdisciplinary methods to deeply explore traditional Chinese medicine resources, explore multiple interdisciplinary collaborative treatment models, and provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of VaD”