The literature

in recent years

related to IPK in pharmacological and toxicological studies was compiled and analyzed.One of the peculiarities of its method is that the perfusion fluid may be pulled repeatedly from ureter and renal vein for dynamically detecting the change of xenobiotics and their metabolin in kidney in the short run.Therefore

the method may be applied to study the drug excretion

mechanism of action and drug combination etc. Furthermore

by determining the change of protein activity and content in perfusion fluid

combined with histopathological observation

the method may be used to study the characteristic

extent and mechanism of drug induced renal injury.This article summarized the characteristic of IPK and its application into the pharmacological and toxicological studies in order to provide reference for scientific research and clinical application of the drugs.