Objective: The present review aimed to study the history and clinical application of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the past 2000 years. Method: We searched the TCM classics such as Ben Cao Tu Jing

Zheng Lei Ben Cao

Tang Ye Ben Cao

Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing

Wei Shi Jia Cang Fang and Dan Xi Xin Fa using the terms "pharmacognosy"

"clinical application"

and "combination therapy" corresponding to the Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus. Result: The Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus were mainly used in the compound formulae or fufang

for the treatment of the following disease: ① frequent Urination and urine dribbling

② gynecologic diseases such as metrorrhagia and metrostaxis

③ vomiting

④ colic and others. Conclusion: This review will provide us the useful information for the modern research and clinical uses of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus.