Objective: To establish an experimental animal model of carotid atherosclerotic in rabbit. Method: Thirty male Japanese White rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. The control group fed with normal diet

the fat-emulsion group gavage with high cholesterol fat emulsion

the experimental group gavage with high cholesterol fat emulsion and operated by nitrogen-drying(fat emulsion formulation: cholesterol: pork fat: custard powder 1: 5: 4; nitrogen-drying operation: lasted 5 min and 150 mL·min-1 airflow rate). Blood lipids and pathological change examination of carotid artery were done at the 4 and 8th week after surgery. Result: At 4th week later

the content of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) were (17.55±5.36)

(13.68±2.67) mmol·L-1

which significant higher than blank-control group (P<0.01)

and the pathological studies suggested that early atheromatosis appeared

such as intimal thickening lightly. At 8th week later

the content of TC and LDL-C were (21.13±3.59)

(15.18±3.29) mmol·L-1

and the typical carotid atherosclerosis was observed which include significant intimal thickening and secondary vascularization in intimal

the accumulation of lipid and cholesterol in the associated cells in the high cholesterot fat emulation and operated by nitrogen-drying group. No arthersclerosis were seen in the control group

fat-emulsion group and self-control group. Conclusion: The animal model of carotid atherosclerotic in rabbit can be effectively established by fat emulsion plus nitrogen gas injury.