Objective: To discuss the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Xiangfuyou Diwan (XYD) and its material basis

and to provide basis for its application in gynecological dysmenorrhea disease. Method: Carrageenan-induced mouse footpad edema

xylene-induced mouse ear edema and acetic acid-induced increased mouse vascular permeability were used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of XYD. And its analgesic activity was evaluated in mouse models of pain induced by acetic acid and thermal stimulus. The above activities were compared with those of Aspirin and Sizhi Xiangfu Wan. Meanwhile

high performance liquid chromatography was used to explore its material basis by assaying the transitional ingredients in rat blood after administered orally with XYD. Result: XYD significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced footpad edema and xylene-induced ear edema at the doses of 100

200 mg·kg-1 after oral administration for 5 days. Meanwhile

XYD markedly reduced acetic acid-induced dye leakage from vascular. On the other hand

XYD remarkably suppressed acetic acid-induced writhing response at low

moderate and high doses

and significantly prolonged pain threshold in hot plate assay at moderate and high doses. Overall

its potency was similar to that of Aspirin and Sizhi Xiangfu Wan. Above all

as the main transitional ingredient in XYD

α-cyperone was detected in medicinal serum. Conclusion: XYD has significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities

and its main material basis may be α-cyperone.