Objective:To observe the effect of Shuanggen Qingnao granules on proliferation and migration of neural stem cells（NSCs） in model of rats with vascular dementia and its treatment mechanism for vascular dementia（VD）.Method:Forty two SPF level SD rats were randomly divided into large

medium

low-dose of Shuanggen Qingnao granules groups

piracetam group

model group

sham operation group

the normal group（n = 6

each）.VD rat model was established by slowly injecting the same kinds of thrombotic emboli to the catheter of the external carotid artery.5-bromo-2-deoxyuriding（BrdU） positive cells and doublecortin（DCX） positive cells were respectively marked by immunohistochemical method and their expressions were observed by microscope.Result: Compared with model group

whether in cerebral cortex or hippocampus

BrdU positive cells of medium

low-dose of Shuanggen Qingnao granules groups and piracetam group were significantly increased（P < 0.05）;compared with piracetam group

BrdU positive cells of medium

low-dose of Shuanggen Qingnao granules groups in cerebral hippocampus were also significantly increased（P < 0.01）.DCX-positive cells in rats’SGZ district of normal group

sham operation group and medium

low-dose of Shuanggen Qingnao granules groups were significantly increased（P <0.01）;compared with the model group

DCX-positive cells of large-dose of Shuanggen Qingnao granules group and piracetam group were also significantly increased（P < 0.05）;DCX-positive cells in rats’SGZ district of medium

low-dose of Shuanggen Qingnao granules groups compared with the piracetam group were obviously increased（P < 0.01）.Conclusion:Shuanggen Qingnao granules can promote the proliferation and migration of NSCs in inner brain of VD rats.