Objective: To investigate the effect of active fraction of Bushen Xingnao Decoction（BSXND） on cerebral IL-1β and ICAM-1 expression in middle cerebral artery occlusion followed reperfusion in rats.Method: The reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion（MCAO） model was established in rats to investigate the role of BSXND in ischemia injury.The scores of neurological deficits were determined by Lorma EZ method in MCAO rats.IL-1β and ICAM-1 expression in cerebral tissue were determined by immunohisto-chemistry.Result: After cerebral ischemia for 2 h followed reperfusion for 46 h

IL-1β positive cells in cerebral hippocampus and medulla increased markedly（P < 0.05

P < 0.01）

ICAM-1 positive cells in hippocampus and cortex increased remarkably（P < 0.01

P < 0.05）

alkaloid extracted from BSXND could reduce IL-1β positive cells（P < 0.01）

glycoside extracted from BSXND could decrease ICAM-1 positive cells（P < 0.01）.Conclusion: After cerebral ischemia reperfusion

both IL-1β and ICAM-1 expression are increased

alkaloid from BSXND could inhibit IL-1β protein expression in cerebral medulla

glycoside from BSXND could inhibit ICAM-1 protein expression in cerebral cortex.Alkaloid and glycosidemay be the partial substance basis of BSXND for antagonizing inflammatory reaction after cerebral ischemia reperfusion.