Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are ubiquitous in nature with extensive pharmacological activities

such as the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. However

the clinical application of flavonoids was often limited by first-pass metabolism in the gut and the liver. This article reviews the studies on the metabolism of flavonoids in order to provide references for relative research and new drug development. The paper analyzed and summarized the literature in recent years

the in vivo

the in situ and the in vitro method were introduced. The in vivo method mainly included the zebrafish model

the flora humanized animal models and the gene knockout models. The in situ method mainly introduced the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model. The in vitro method included the Caco-2 cell model

the gastrointestinal contents hatching method

the enterohepatic microsomal method and the genetic recombination metabolic enzyme method. In recent years

The continuous development of instruments and means such as the LC-MS-MS

the micro dialysis technology greatly improved the sensitivity and specificity of pharmaceutical analysis

which have played an important role in determination of trace drug concentration. Furthermore

Some new models

such as the zebrafish model

the flora humanized animal models

the gene knockout models and the humanized liver chimeric mouse model provided some new ideas for the metabolism of flavonoids. The study on the metabolism of flavonoid developed rapidly

Various metabolic models and methods is bounding to accelerate the pace of research in this field and promote the new drug development and clinical application.