Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the volatile constituents from the aerial part and the underground part of Piper sarmentosum

toprovide a basis for its development and clinical application. Method: The refluxing method was used to extract the chemical constituents from the root and the aerial part of P.sarmentosum with petroleum ether and dichloromethane. The components were separated and identified by GC-MS. Result: Thirty-six components in aerial part and 32 components in underground part were identified. Both the underground part and aerial part contained 20 common constituents

such as hydrocinnamic acid

α-cubebene

humulene

β-caryophyllene

β-asarone

α-asarone

isoelemicin and so on

which accounted for more than 85% and 55% of the total content of the aerial part and underground part

respectively. And α-asarpneshowed the highest content in each part

which is more than 30%. The aerial part contained 16 specific componentssuch ascalarene

α-selinene

d-cadinene

β-eudesmol

cis-nerolidol

5-octadecene

squalene and so on; whilethe underground part contained 12 specific components such as (1R)-(+)-α-pinene

β-pinene

3-phenyl-propanamide and so on. Conclusion: Most of the volatile constituents from the aerial part and underground part of P.sarmentosumare identical

but their contents are obviously different.Andthere are specific constituents in both two parts

which might relate to theirdifferent medical usage.