Objective: To probe into the correlation of Qi-meridian disharmony and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smads signaling pathway activation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Method: Literatures were searched to define the Qi-meridian concept. On the basis of the pathogenetic concept of 'lung deficiency and meridian stasis' for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis came up by Professor LYU Xiao-dong

we proposed that Qi-meridian disharmony is one of the pathogenesis of IPF. Based on the Qi-meridian-NEI theory proposed by Professor WU Yi-ling

there is a high correlation and internal consistency among Qi-meridian and nerve-endocrine-immune network

and neurotransmitters

hormones

cytokines

other information molecules and their receptors are the biological basis of Qi-meridian at the molecular level. The correlation between Qi-meridian disharmony and TGF-β1/Smads signal transduction pathway activation was studied based on the structure

function and pathogenesis of Qi-meridian and cell signal transduction pathway. Result: Qi-meridian is distributed throughout the body in a topological structure

which is similar with the cell signal transduction network structure. Qi-meridian carries Qi

blood and body fluid

transfers organism information through signal transduction pathways in a two-way manner

with similar functions in positive or negative feedback and regulation. Sputum

deficiency

blood stasis caused by Qi-meridian disharmony are similar to the inflammatory and extracellular matrix caused by the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway activation. And the pathogenic Qi enters through Qi-meridian layer by layer

which is similar to the gradual activation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. The action mechanism of Yiqi Tongluo traditional Chinese medicine compound in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is correlated with the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smads signal transduction pathway. Conclusion: Qi-meridian disharmony is correlated with the activation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in IPF

suggesting the Yiqi Tongluo therapy may show the anti-fibrosis effect by regulating TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.