Objective: To observe the effects of Busui Shengxue decoction on bone marrow stromal cell related cytokines in patients with chronic aplastic anemia(CAA)

and discuss its mechanism of action. Method: The 112 cases of CAA patients from March 2012 to October 2015 were randomly divided into control group (56 cases) and observation group(56 cases). Patients in control group received Stanozolol and ciclosporin

and patients in observation group received Busui Shengxue decoction on the basis of treatment in control group. The treatment effects of two groups were observed

and the clinical symptom scores

hemoglobin (Hb)

white blood cell count (WBC)

platelet count (PLT)

bone marrow proliferation degree percentage

the percentage of hematopoietic cells

alkaline fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and bFGF receptors (bFGFR) mRNA expression levels before and after treatment in two groups were compared. Result: The total effective rate was 87.50%in observation group

higher than 67.86%in control group (χ2=6.231

P<0.05). After treatment

the clinical symptom scores were decreased in both groups

and the scores in observation group were lower than those in control group(P<0.05). After treatment

WBC

PLT

and Hb levels were increased in observation group

and those levels were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). After treatment

the bone marrow hyperplasia degree and percentage in observation group were improved and better than those in control group(P<0.05); hematopoietic cells percentage in observation group (41.68±7.85)%

was significantly lower than that of control group (53.45±8.78)%(P<0.05); bFGF and bFGFR expression levels were increased in both groups

and the levels in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Busui Shengxue decoction has better clinical efficacy in treatment of patients with chronic aplastic anemia

which can improve bone marrow hematopoietic function

and the mechanism may be associated with regulating the mRNA expression levels of bFGF and bFGFR.