Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to heart is reduced or the myocardial oxygen demand is more than the maximum blood supply

resulting in changes in myocardial metabolism

function

and structure. Reperfusion after ischemia leads to cardiac functional damage

arrhythmias

and myocardial cell necrosis

known as ischemia/reperfusion injury. Its pathophysiology is complex

involving coronary artery stenosis

endothelial injury

platelet aggregation

energy metabolism disorder

oxidative stress

inflammation response

apoptosis

calcium overload and autophagy

forming a complex regulatory network. The current clinical medicines for myocardial ischemia and reperfusion mainly include antiplatelet drugs

beta blockers

calcium channel blockers

statins

RAS blockers

nitrates and thrombolytic therapy etc.Although there are many kinds of drugs mentioned above

the control effect is limited because of the single target of modern western medicine and many adverse reactions. With multiple targets and components

Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma

the main medicine for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis

has been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease

especially for the prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemic diseases. The water-soluble ingredient is acknowledged as the important active ingredient in treating cardiovascular diseases. The effect and mechanism of main water-soluble components (tanshinol

salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B) were compared in this paper to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.