不同干燥方法对龙脑樟叶品质的影响

荔淑楠; 王引权; 徐名刷; 李建文; 张卫平; 樊秦; 雒军; 夏琦

doi:10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20180915

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不同干燥方法对龙脑樟叶品质的影响

化学与分析 | 更新时间：2024-01-04

- 不同干燥方法对龙脑樟叶品质的影响
- Effect of Different Drying Methods on Quality of Leaves
- 中国实验方剂学杂志 2018年24卷第10期页码：72-78
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
  
  甘肃省高校协同创新科技团队支持计划（2016C-05FF09）;国家自然科学基金项目（81660625，81260616）
- DOI：10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20180915
  中图分类号： R284.1
- 纸质出版日期：2018
- 稿件说明：
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荔淑楠, 王引权, 徐名刷, 等. 不同干燥方法对龙脑樟叶品质的影响[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2018,24(10):72-78.

LI Shu-nan, WANG Yin-quan, XU Ming-shua, et al. Effect of Different Drying Methods on Quality of Leaves[J]. Chinese journal of experimental traditional medical formulae, 2018, 24(10): 72-78.
荔淑楠, 王引权, 徐名刷, 等. 不同干燥方法对龙脑樟叶品质的影响[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2018,24(10):72-78. DOI： 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20180915.

LI Shu-nan, WANG Yin-quan, XU Ming-shua, et al. Effect of Different Drying Methods on Quality of Leaves[J]. Chinese journal of experimental traditional medical formulae, 2018, 24(10): 72-78. DOI： 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20180915.

摘要

目的：探讨不同干燥方法对龙脑樟叶品质的影响，为确定天然龙脑樟工业化提取工艺提供理论参考依据。方法：采用自然阴干、恒温干燥、真空干燥及真空冷冻干燥4种干燥方法分别处理龙脑樟鲜叶，观察干燥叶的外观形态及粉末显微结构；采用超声辅助水蒸气蒸馏法提取纯化挥发油，应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）测定右旋龙脑、樟脑及异龙脑含量。结果：自然阴干叶组织中存在较多的类椭圆形油滴，直径0.29～1.04 μm，单位面积数目1～5个/μm2，挥发油提取率和右旋龙脑含量最低，分别为2.20%和97%；恒温干燥叶组织内存在大量类方形或长方形油滴，挥发油提取率显著高于自然阴干29.28%（P<0.05），真空干燥叶组织内存在大量不规则或椭圆形油滴，单位面积数目显著多于自然阴干（P<0.05），挥发油提取率及右旋龙脑含量分别显著高于自然阴干23.42%和0.63%，真空冷冻干燥叶组织内存在大量类圆形油滴，单位面积数目最多，挥发油提取率及右旋龙脑显著高于自然阴干56.76%和1.44%。结论：不同干燥方法对龙脑樟叶中油滴数目、挥发油提取率及化学成分含量等有较大影响。干燥效果以真空冷冻干燥最好，其次为真空干燥、恒温干燥和自然阴干。综合分析设备投资、生产成本及干燥效果，表明天然龙脑樟工业化提取采用恒温干燥方法是可行的。

Abstract

Objective: To explore the effects of different drying methods on the quality of Cinnamomum camphora leaves

in order to provide the theoretical reference for determining the industrial extraction process of C. camphora. Method: Fresh leaves were treated with four drying methods

such as natural drying

constant temperature blast drying

vacuum drying and vacuum freeze drying; the appearance and morphological characteristics of dried leaves

and microscopic structure of leaves powder were observed. The volatile oil was extracted and purified by ultrasonic assisted steam distillation. The ingredients of D-borneol

camphor and isoborneol were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Result: In the naturally dried leaves

there were more oval-shaped oil droplets

with the diameter of 0.29-1.04 μm

the number of units per unit area was 1-5 pieces/μm2

and the extraction rate of volatile oil and the content of D-borneol were 2.20% and 97%

respectively (P<0.05). In the constant temperature blast drying leaves

there were a large number of square or rectangular oil droplets in parenchyma cells

the extraction rate of volatile oil was significantly higher than 29.28% of naturally dried ones (P<0.05). In the vacuum drying leaves

there were a large number of irregular or oval oil droplets in parenchyma cells

the number per unit area was significantly higher than that of naturally dried ones (P<0.05)

the extraction rates of volatile oil and D-borneol were 23.42% and 0.63% and significantly higher than that of naturally dried ones. In the vacuum freeze drying leaves

there were a lot of intracellular circular oil droplets and the largest number of unit area

and the extraction rates of volatile oil and D-borneol were significantly higher than that of natural drying

which were 56.76% and 1.44%

respectively. Conclusion: Different drying methods have a great influence on the number of oil droplets

the extraction rate of volatile oil and the content of chemical compositions. The effect of vacuum freeze drying is the best

which is followed by vacuum drying

constant temperature blast drying and natural drying. Natural C. camphora camphor industrialized constant temperature drying method is feasible through the comprehensive analysis of equipment investment

production costs and drying effect.

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