常用呕吐动物模型研究进展

马丽娜; 李健; 叶祖光

doi:10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20191208

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常用呕吐动物模型研究进展

综述 | 更新时间：2021-02-09

- 常用呕吐动物模型研究进展
- Commonly Used Vomiting Animal Models
- 中国实验方剂学杂志 2019年25卷第13期页码：206-213
- 作者机构：
  
  1.中国中医科学院　中药研究所，北京　 100700；
  2.中国中医科学院　博士后科研流动站，北京　 100700
- 作者简介：
  
  马丽娜，博士，助理研究员，从事中药药理与毒理学研究，Tel：010-84252805，E-mail：malina8512@163.com
  叶祖光，研究员，从事中药药理与毒理学研究，Tel：010-84252805，E-mail：yezuguang@sina.com
- 基金信息：
  
  北京市自然科学基金项目(7174327)
- DOI：10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20191208
  中图分类号： R2-0; R22; R285.5; R284.1
- 收稿日期：2018-12-10，
  
  网络出版日期：2019-03-01，
  
  纸质出版日期：2019-07-05
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
马丽娜, 李健, 叶祖光. 常用呕吐动物模型研究进展[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2019,25(13):206-213.

Li-na MA, Jian LI, Zu-guang YE. Commonly Used Vomiting Animal Models[J]. Chinese journal of experimental traditional medical formulae, 2019, 25(13): 206-213.
马丽娜, 李健, 叶祖光. 常用呕吐动物模型研究进展[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2019,25(13):206-213. DOI： 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20191208.

Li-na MA, Jian LI, Zu-guang YE. Commonly Used Vomiting Animal Models[J]. Chinese journal of experimental traditional medical formulae, 2019, 25(13): 206-213. DOI： 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20191208.

摘要

呕吐是一种临床常见的病证，长期剧烈的呕吐会严重降低患者的生活质量，需要给予止吐药进行干预。传统中医药治疗呕吐历史悠久、疗效显著，具有多组分、多靶点、多系统协同拮抗的优点，但是由于其药效物质基础不清，作用机制不明，亟需采用国际公认的呕吐模型系统评价其呕吐特点、阐明其作用机制，为临床更好的应用提供参考依据。因此，该文系统介绍了目前国内外应用较多的几种呕吐动物模型，并结合笔者的实验体会，重点介绍了大、小鼠异食癖模型，以供相关科研人员参考。其中雪貂是目前国际公认的理想的呕吐动物模型，是评价镇吐药物作用的金标准；钱鼠是目前具有与人相似呕吐现象的体质量最小的哺乳动物呕吐模型；啮齿类动物虽然没有呕吐反射，但是研究证明其异食行为等同于其他种属动物的呕吐行为，因其动物易得、操作方便，目前已在中国大陆地区推广应用；贵州小型猪是我国自主研发的可用于呕吐的中型哺乳动物模型，具有与人解剖结构相似且呕吐反应敏感的特性，值得推广应用。总之，不同呕吐模型各有特点，研究时需根据实验目的和样品情况优化选择。

Abstract

Vomiting is a common clinical symptom. Long-term severe vomiting could seriously reduce the life quality of patients

so it is necessary to be intervened with antiemetic drugs. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in the treatment of vomiting with remarkable a curative effect. It has the advantages of multi-component

multi-target and multi-system synergistic antagonism. However

due to the active substance and unclear mechanism

it is urgent to adopt an internationally recognized vomiting model system to evaluate the antiemetic characteristics

elucidate the vomiting mechanism

and provide reference for better clinical application. Therefore

this paper systematically introduces several vomiting animal models that are widely used at home and abroad. According to the authors' own experimental experience

this paper focuses on the rat and mice pica models for reference of relevant researchers. Specifically

ferrets are an internationally recognized ideal vomiting animal model

and the golden standard for evaluating the effects of antiemetic drugs

suncus murinus is the smallest mammalian vomiting model. Rodents have no vomiting reflexes

but studies have shown that its pica behavior is equivalent to the vomiting behavior of other species. Because the easy availability and operation

the model has been promoted and applied in mainland China. Guizhou mini-pig model is a self-developed medium-sized mammalian vomiting model with a similar anatomical structure and vomiting characteristics to human

and worthy of popularization and application. In conclusion

different vomiting models have their own characteristics that need to be optimized according to the purpose of experiments and samples.

关键词

Keywords

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