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中国中医科学院 中药研究所,北京 100700
孟晶,在读博士,从事中药药理与毒理研究,E-mail:icmmmj@163.com
田婧卓,助理研究员,从事中药药理与毒理研究,E-mail:jztian@icmm.ac.cn
梁爱华,博士生导师,研究员,从事中药药理与毒理研究,Tel:010-84252805-2207,E-mail:ahliang@icmm.ac.cn
收稿日期:2021-05-03,
网络出版日期:2021-06-29,
纸质出版日期:2021-09-05
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孟晶,田婧卓,王连嵋等.适宜中药筛选的高尿酸血症动物模型初探[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2021,27(17):46-56.
MENG Jing,TIAN Jing-zhuo,WANG Lian-mei,et al.Adequate Animal Models of Hyperuricemia for Traditional Chinese Medicine Screening[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2021,27(17):46-56.
孟晶,田婧卓,王连嵋等.适宜中药筛选的高尿酸血症动物模型初探[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2021,27(17):46-56. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20211601.
MENG Jing,TIAN Jing-zhuo,WANG Lian-mei,et al.Adequate Animal Models of Hyperuricemia for Traditional Chinese Medicine Screening[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2021,27(17):46-56. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20211601.
目的
2
将四种常用于中药筛选的高尿酸血症(HUA)动物模型进行比较研究,观察各模型特点,为筛选降尿酸中药及复方奠定模型基础。
方法
2
54只雄性SD大鼠随机分为9组,分别为正常组、模型次黄嘌呤(HX)+氧嗪酸钾(OAPS)组、模型酵母膏(YE)+OAPS组、模型低剂量腺嘌呤(AD)+乙胺丁醇(EMB)组、模型高剂量AD+EMB组及相对应的阳性药别嘌呤醇(Allo)组,连续造模14 d。第3,7,14天分别检测大鼠血尿酸(SUA),尿尿酸(UUA),血肌酐(SCr),尿素氮(BUN),肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)的水平,在7,14 d收集尿液考察尿量变化,并利用偏光显微镜观察尿残渣中的晶体,造模结束后摘取肾脏称质量并进行病理学检查。
结果
2
模型HX+OAPS组,高剂量AD+EMB组尿量明显减少(
P
<
0.05),除模型YE+OAPS组外,各模型组肾脏指数均明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。模型HX+OAPS组,YE+OAPS组SUA升高较晚(
P
<
0.05),其中,模型HX+OAPS组KIM-1和NGAL从7 d开始明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),BUN在14 d明显升高(
P
<
0.05),而模型YE+OAPS组上述指标差异无统计学意义。模型低剂量AD+EMB组,高剂量AD+EMB组3 d时SUA显著升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),其中低剂量AD+EMB组SUA升高具有持续性,BUN,KIM-1,NGAL升高较晚(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),而高剂量AD+EMB组SUA升高呈一过性,SCr,BUN,KIM-1,NGAL均升高较早且显著高于低剂量AD+EMB组(
P
<
0.01)。除模型YE+OAPS组外,其他模型组肾脏组织中均可见明显的组织形态学异常,其中模型高剂量AD+EMB组的损伤程度最高。
结论
2
4种常用于中药筛选的HUA模型各有特点,其中模型HX+OAPS组,YE+OAPS组的SUA升高较晚,HX+OAPS组伴有轻微肾损伤,YE+OAPS组未发现肾损伤;模型低剂量AD+EMB组造模后SUA迅速升高且持续时间相对较长,同时伴有轻微肾损伤;模型高剂量AD+EMB组SUA升高较早且呈一过性,肾损伤程度颇为严重。考察不同模型的特点及适用情况,同时结合灵敏客观的指标对模型进行评价,有助于为今后筛选治疗HUA中药提供合适的模型。
Objective
2
To compare the characteristics of four commonly adopted animal models of hyperuricemia (HUA) for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) screening, so as to choose the adequate model for screening Chinese herbs and herbal compounds capable of lowering the uric acid.
Method
2
Fifty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into nine groups, namely the normal group, hypoxanthine (HX) + oxonic acid potassium salt (OAPS) model group, yeast extract (YE) + OAPS model group, low-dose adenine (AD) + ethambutol (EMB) model group, high-dose AD + EMB model group, and four positive drug allopurinol (Allo) groups. The modeling lasted for 14 d. The levels of serum uric acid (SUA), urinary uric acid (UUA), serum creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were detected on the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days. Urine was collected on the 7th and 14th days to investigate changes in urine volume, and the crystals in the residual urine were observed under a polarizing microscope. After the modeling, the kidney was harvested and weighed, followed by pathological examination.
Result
2
The urine volumes in the HX + OAPS model group and high-dose AD + EMB model group were significantly reduced (
P
<
0.05). The renal indexes of each model group, except for the YE + OAPS model group, were significantly elevated (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). The increase in SUA of the HX + OAPS model group and YE + OAPS model group started later (
P
<
0.05). The KIM-1 and NGAL levels of the HX + OAPS model group rose significantly from the 7th day (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), and the BUN increased significantly on the 14th day (
P
<
0.05). There was no significant difference in the above-mentioned indicators in the YE + OAPS model group. The SUA levels of the low- and high-dose AD + EMB model groups increased significantly on the 3rd day (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), with a persistent increase found in the low-dose AD + EMB model group. Besides, the increase in BUN, KIM-1, and NGAL occurred later (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). By contrast, the high-dose AD + EMB model group exhibited a transient increase in SUA. Moreover, the SCr, BUN, KIM-1, and NGAL elevation occurred earlier and were more obvious than those in the low-dose AD + EMB model group (
P
<
0.01). Remarkable histomorphological abnormalities were detected in the kidney of all model groups, except for the YE+OAPS model group, with the most severe injury present in the high-dose AD+EMB model group.
Conclusion
2
The four models commonly used to screen TCM have their own characteristics. In the four models, the SUA elevation in the HX + OAPS model group and YE + OAPS model group started later, with the mild renal injury observed in the HX + OAPS model group instead of the YE + OAPS model group. The SUA of the low-dose AD + EMB model group increased rapidly and lasted for a long time, accompanied by mild renal injury. The SUA of the high-dose AD + EMB model group only showed a transient increase, accompanied by severe renal injury. The investigation on the characteristics and application of different models and the evaluation of these models based on sensitive and objective indicators are helpful for determining the suitable model for the screening of TCM targeting HUA in the future.
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