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北京中医药大学 中医学院,北京 100029
吴琪,硕士,从事中医药防治慢性肾脏疾病分子机制研究,E-mail:1937743937@qq.com
赵宗江,教授,博士生导师,博士后合作导师,从事中医药防治慢性肾脏疾病分子机制研究,E-mail:zongjiangz@sina.com
收稿日期:2022-04-26,
网络出版日期:2022-06-22,
纸质出版日期:2022-10-05
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吴琪,张新雪,焦婷婷等.慢性肾脏病肾阳虚证证候特征与临床生物学指标相关性及危险因素[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(19):204-213.
WU Qi,ZHANG Xinxue,JIAO Tingting,et al.Correlations of Characteristics of Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome with Clinical Indicators and Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(19):204-213.
吴琪,张新雪,焦婷婷等.慢性肾脏病肾阳虚证证候特征与临床生物学指标相关性及危险因素[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2022,28(19):204-213. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20221726.
WU Qi,ZHANG Xinxue,JIAO Tingting,et al.Correlations of Characteristics of Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome with Clinical Indicators and Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2022,28(19):204-213. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20221726.
目的
2
观察慢性肾脏病(CKD)肾阳虚证证候特征、与临床指标的相关性并探索影响CKD肾阳虚证的危险因素。
方法
2
通过对符合纳入标准的225例慢性肾脏病患者进行中医证候判断,获得肾阳虚证组99例,非肾阳虚证组126例。总结肾阳虚证组症状、舌脉及兼证,运用因子分析和聚类分析归纳证候特征,运用方差分析及非参数检验方法比较肾阳虚证组、非肾阳虚证组及正常对照组之间的血红蛋白、红细胞计数、尿蛋白、尿葡萄糖、肌酐、尿素氮、肾小球滤过率水平,采用二分类Logistic回归分析模型对生活习惯、身体质量指数(BMI)、血糖、血脂等危险因素进行证候相关性分析。
结果
2
CKD肾阳虚证患者高频症状是腰部酸痛、畏寒喜暖、精神萎靡、腰膝畏寒等。脉象以沉脉、细脉、弱脉为主,舌象中以白苔、暗淡舌、薄苔、腻苔为主。因子分析获得13个公因子分为5类,发现肾阳虚证患者症状病位在四肢尤以下肢为主、心胸、膀胱、肌表和胃部,病性表现主要是虚寒、气虚、水饮及血瘀。聚类分析可聚为11类,反映了肾阳虚证患者以气虚、血瘀和水饮停滞为主的舌脉及症状表现,证候体现病位特征集中在肌表、四肢、脾胃、耳窍、心神和膀胱等,总体而言病性表现与因子分析基本一致,一派虚寒衰弱表现兼有水饮、血瘀表现。频数分析也显示常见兼证证候要素主要包括气虚证、饮停证、寒湿证、血瘀证。与非肾阳虚证组比较,肾阳虚证组CKD 3-5期出现比例更高,肾功能尿素氮明显增高(
P
<
0.05),肾小球滤过率明显降低(
P
<
0.05);血红蛋白和红细胞计数明显降低(
P
<
0.05);尿蛋白定性等级明显提升。此外,经回归分析结果显示女性、不运动或很少运动、存在饮食偏嗜是CKD肾阳虚证产生的危险因素(
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
CKD肾阳虚证症状表现在病位病性表现上均具有相应特征,其中医证型与其对应的生物学指标具有一定程度上的相关性,血红蛋白、红细胞计数及肾小球滤过率、尿素氮和尿蛋白等能够一定程度反映CKD肾阳虚证的证候内涵,生活中相关危险因素能够影响CKD肾阳虚证的产生。
Objective
2
To study the correlations of the characteristics of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with clinical indicators and to explore the risk factors of kidney Yang deficiency in CKD.
Method
2
The differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome classified the 225 CKD patients who met the inclusion criteria into two groups: one group of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome (99 patients) and one group of non-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome (126 patients). The symptoms, tongue manifestation, pulse manifestation, and accompanied symptoms of the kidney Yang deficiency syndrome group were recorded. The syndrome characteristics were summarized by factor analysis and clustering analysis. The levels of hemoglobin
red blood cell count
urinary protein
urinary glucose
creatinine
urea nitrogen and glomerular filtration rate were compared between the kidney Yang deficiency syndrome group
the non-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome group and the normal control group by ANOVA and non-parametric test. The binary logistic regression model was employed to analyze the correlations of lifestyle, body mass index (BMI) with syndrome.
Result
2
The high-frequency symptoms of CKD patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome were waist pain, fear of cold, favor of warm, lethargy, fear of cold at waist and knees, etc. The patients mainly presented deep pulse, thready pulse, or weak pulse, and the tongue with white coating, greasy coating, or thin coating. A total of 13 common factors were obtained, which can be classified into 5 categories. The patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome mainly had symptoms in limbs (especially lower limbs), chest, bladder, fleshy exterior, and stomach, with the main manifestations of deficiency-cold, Qi deficiency, fluid retention, and blood stasis. The clustering analysis classified the patients into 11 categories, which reflected that kidney Yang deficiency syndrome mainly presented the symptoms of Qi deficiency, blood stasis, and fluid retention, with fleshy exterior, limbs, spleen, stomach, ears, mind, and bladder involved. The results of clustering analysis and factor analysis were consistent, both of which indicated that the patients were weak with deficiency-cold, accompanied by fluid retention and blood stasis. Frequency analysis also showed that common symptoms mainly included Qi deficiency, fluid retention, cold-dampness, and blood stasis. Compared with the non-kidney Yang deficiency group, the kidney Yang deficiency group showed a large proportion of patients in stage 3-5 CKD, elevated urea nitrogen (
P
<
0.05), decreased glomerular filtration rate, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count (
P
<
0.05), and increased qualitative grade of urine protein. In addition, the results of regression analysis showed that female, little or no exercise, and diet preference were the risk factors for kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD (
P
<
0.05).
Conclusion
2
The disease location and manifestations have correspondence in the CKD patients with kidney Yang deficiency syndrome. The TCM symptoms are correlated with clinical indicators. Hemoglobin, red blood cell count, glomerular filtration rate, urea nitrogen, and urine protein can reflect the connotation of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD to a certain extent. Additionally, related risk factors in life can affect the occurrence of kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in CKD.
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