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北京中医药大学 东直门医院,北京 100700
刘菡,在读博士,从事中医药防治泌尿外科疾病研究,E-mail:zhulinab@foxmail.com
张耀圣,博士,主任医师,博士生导师,从事中医药防治泌尿男科疾病研究,E-mail:ysz3129@163.com
收稿日期:2023-02-11,
网络出版日期:2023-03-14,
纸质出版日期:2023-05-20
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刘菡,张耀圣.296例尿石症患者中医证候特征[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(10):209-215.
LIU Han,ZHANG Yaosheng.Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes in 296 Patients with Urolithiasis[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(10):209-215.
刘菡,张耀圣.296例尿石症患者中医证候特征[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2023,29(10):209-215. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230417.
LIU Han,ZHANG Yaosheng.Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes in 296 Patients with Urolithiasis[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2023,29(10):209-215. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20230417.
目的
2
分析尿石症患者的中医证候特征。
方法
2
制定证候调查表,收集2021年9月至2022年9月就诊的296例尿石症患者的一般资料、四诊信息,统计舌象、脉象、症状体征,通过关联规则分析、因子分析和聚类分析探究证候特点。
结果
2
①舌象分布中,出现频率在20%以上的单一舌象为白苔、红舌、厚苔、腻苔、黄苔。脉象分布中,出现频率>20%的单一脉象为细脉、弦脉、滑脉、沉脉。出现频率在10%以上的症状体征共27项,腰腹部疼痛及恶心、尿频、血尿、小便不畅等急性发作期特征症状相对较多,其余以寒热、二便和消化类症状较为常见。②14条强关联规则中,5条为阳虚、寒湿类证候表现,4条为阴虚、热证类证候表现,1条为肾虚类证候表现,3条为肾绞痛及伴随症状。③因子分析共提取16个公因子,代表的病位证候要素以脾肾为主,病性证候要素以阴虚、阳虚、湿、热为主,并常见虚实夹杂。聚类分析共获得6类证候,代表的主要证型分别为肾虚湿瘀、气滞热结、阴虚湿热、脾肾阳虚、脾虚湿热、湿热内蕴。
结论
2
尿石症患者证候表现以寒热、二便、汗出和消化道症状常见,虚证类证候主要为阴虚、阳虚、肾虚、脾虚,实证类证候主要为湿、热,虚实类证候常相兼存在,脾虚是当前尿石症患者除肾虚外的重要病机。
Objective
2
To analyze the characteristics of tradition Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with urolithiasis.
Method
2
A syndrome questionnaire was developed to collect the general data and four diagnosis information on 296 patients with urolithiasis who were treated from September 2021 to September 2022. Tongue images
pulse images
symptoms
and signs were statistically analyzed
and the characteristics of syndrome were explored by association rule analysis
factor analysis
and cluster analysis.
Result
2
① In the distribution of tongue images
the single tongue images with a frequency of more than 20% were white fur
red tongue
thick fur
greasy fur
and yellow fur. In the distribution pf pulse images
the single pulse with the frequency of more than 20% was fine pulse
string pulse
slippery pulse
and sinking pulse. There were 27 symptoms and signs with a frequency of more than 10%. The characteristic symptoms of acute onset such as lumbar and abdominal pain and nausea
frequent urination
hematuria
and poor urination were relatively common
and other symptoms were chill and fever
defecation
and digestion. ② Among the 14 strong association rules
5 were yang-deficiency and cold-dampness syndromes
4 were yin-deficiency and heat syndromes
1 was kidney-deficiency syndrome
and 3 were renal colic with accompanying symptoms. ③ Sixteen common factors were extracted by factor analysis
and the main elements of the disease location were represented by spleen and kidney. The main elements of disease natures were Yin deficiency
Yang deficiency
dampness
and heat
and often mixed with deficiency-excess in complexity. Six syndromes were obtained by cluster analysis
and the represented syndromes were mainly kidney deficiency and dampness and stasis
Qi stagnation and heat accumulation
Yin deficiency and dampness heat
spleen-kidney Yang deficiency
spleen deficiency and dampness
and dampness-heat accumulation.
Conclusion
2
The syndrome manifestations of urolithiasis are chill and fever
defecation
sweating
and digestive tract symptoms. The deficiency syndromes are mainly Yin deficiency
Yang deficiency
kidney deficiency
and spleen deficiency. The excess syndromes are mainly wet and heat. The deficiency and excess syndromes often exist simultaneously. The spleen deficiency is the important pathogenesis of urolithiasis besides the kidney deficiency.
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