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1.福建中医药大学 附属第二人民医院,福州 350003
2.上海中医药大学 附属龙华医院,上海 200032
3.上海中医药大学 中西医结合学院,上海 201203
4.四川大学 华西医院,成都 610041
Received:25 October 2025,
Revised:2025-12-15,
Accepted:19 December 2025,
Online First:23 December 2025,
Published:05 June 2026
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何友成,林诗锦,蒋风茹等.功能性便秘动物模型研究概况[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(11):196-209.
HE Youcheng,LIN Shijin,JIANG Fengru,et al.Animal Models of Functional Constipation: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(11):196-209.
何友成,林诗锦,蒋风茹等.功能性便秘动物模型研究概况[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(11):196-209. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20251812.
HE Youcheng,LIN Shijin,JIANG Fengru,et al.Animal Models of Functional Constipation: A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(11):196-209. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20251812.
功能性便秘(FC)是一种临床常见的功能性肠病,其病程迁延且与多种慢性疾病及精神心理异常相关,虽不致命,但严重影响患者生活质量。FC主要分为慢传输型便秘(STC)、排便障碍型便秘(DD)和正常传输型便秘(NTC),病理机制尚未完全阐明,临床总体疗效欠佳。FC动物模型是该病机制研究和新药研发的重要工具。该文系统梳理了FC动物模型的研究现状,发现模型动物以大鼠、小鼠为主,犬、猪因生理结构接近人类适用于复杂干预研究,但饲养与伦理限制较多。不同亚型模型诱导方法各具特点,STC以洛哌丁胺、复方地芬诺酯等化学药物诱导为核心;DD多采用低纤维饮食联合亚甲蓝注射或直肠缩窄术;NTC主要依赖低纤维饮食干预。同时构建了基于中医理论的病证结合模型,涵盖热结、冷积、气滞等实证及气虚、血虚、阴虚、阳虚等虚证,通过“疾病模型+证候诱导”实现中西医机制协同。模型评价从病证表现(结肠传输、分泌功能及精神、体质量等中医证候指标)和疾病机制(肠神经系统、Cajal间质细胞、平滑肌细胞、肠道菌群及代谢产物等)两方面展开。当前研究仍存在部分模型一致性差、机制解读受非特异性干扰、NTC研究薄弱、中医舌脉评价缺失等问题,未来需进一步优化模型稳定性与特异性,为FC病理机制研究及药物研发提供更可靠的实验基础。
Functional constipation (FC) is a clinically common functional bowel disorder characterized by a protracted course and associations with various chronic disorders and psychological abnormalities. Although not life-threatening, FC significantly impairs patients' quality of life. FC subtypes include slow-transit constipation (STC), defecatory disorder (DD), and normal-transit constipation (NTC). The pathological mechanisms underlying FC have not been fully elucidated, and overall clinical efficacy remains unsatisfactory. Animal models of FC serve as essential tools for the study of disease mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutics. This article systematically reviews the current state of research on the animal models of FC and identifies that rodents, particularly rats and mice, are the most commonly used species. Dogs and pigs are also employed in complex intervention studies due to their physiological similarities to humans, though their use is limited by housing challenges and ethical considerations. Induction methods vary across different FC subtypes. STC models are primarily established with chemical agents such as loperamide or compound diphenoxylate. DD modeling often involves low-fiber diets combined with methylene blue injection or rectal narrowing. NTC modeling mainly relies on low-fiber dietary interventions. In addition, disease-syndrome combination models based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory have been developed, encompassing excess patterns such as heat accumulation, cold accumulation, and Qi stagnation, as well as deficiency patterns including Qi deficiency, blood deficiency, Yin deficiency, and Yang deficiency. These are achieved through an approach of disease model + syndrome induction, enabling the integration of mechanisms from both Western and TCM perspectives. Models are evaluated from two aspects: disease and syndrome manifestations (e.g., colonic transit, secretory function, and TCM syndrome indicators such as mental state and body weight) and disease mechanisms (e.g., enteric nervous system, interstitial cells of Cajal, smooth muscle cells, gut microbiota, and metabolites). However, current research still faces challenges such as poor consistency in some models, non-specific interference in mechanism interpretation, insufficient studies on NTC, and lack of TCM tongue and pulse diagnosis in evaluation. Future efforts should focus on optimizing model stability and specificity to provide a more reliable experimental basis for investigating the pathological mechanisms of FC and developing therapeutic agents.
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