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1.南京中医药大学,南京 210023
2.江苏苏中药业研究院有限公司,南京 210023
Received:25 October 2025,
Revised:2026-01-12,
Accepted:26 January 2026,
Online First:02 February 2026,
Published:05 June 2026
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宋姝颖,闻常青,邢露婉等.基于代谢组学探讨黄葵总黄酮调控IgA肾病内质网应激的机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(11):153-161.
SONG Shuying,WEN Changqing,XING Luwan,et al.Metabolomics Reveals Mechanism of Abelmoschi Corolla Total Flavonoids in Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in IgA Nephropathy[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(11):153-161.
宋姝颖,闻常青,邢露婉等.基于代谢组学探讨黄葵总黄酮调控IgA肾病内质网应激的机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(11):153-161. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20260106.
SONG Shuying,WEN Changqing,XING Luwan,et al.Metabolomics Reveals Mechanism of Abelmoschi Corolla Total Flavonoids in Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in IgA Nephropathy[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(11):153-161. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20260106.
目的
2
本研究旨在通过血清代谢组学分析,阐述黄葵总黄酮(TFA)治疗免疫球蛋白(Ig)A肾病(IgAN)的作用机制。
方法
2
将SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、TFA低剂量组(TFA-L,27 mg·kg
-1
)、TFA中剂量组(TFA-M,54 mg·kg
-1
)、TFA高剂量组(TFA-H,108 mg·kg
-1
)、氯沙坦钾组(LST,4.5 mg·kg
-1
)6组,每组10只。除空白组外的其余5组采用牛血清白蛋白+脂多糖+四氯化碳(BSA+LPS+CCl
4
)的方法建立模型:即在1~10周,隔日灌胃BSA,每周皮下注射蓖麻油+CCl
4
混合液1次,于第6周和第8周尾静脉注射脂多糖(LPS)。造模成功后,各干预组均采用蒸馏水配制给药,每日灌胃1次,持续干预4周。试剂盒检测各组大鼠24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UP)、血清肌酐(SCr);酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)水平;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色、过碘酸-雪夫(PAS)观察肾脏病理变化,免疫荧光(IF)检测肾脏IgA沉淀情况,透射电镜观察内质网应激状态;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)和免疫组化法(IHC)检测内质网应激相关因子水平表达;采用非靶向代谢组学技术筛选差异代谢物进行分析,并对关键代谢物花生四烯酸(AA)、前列腺素E
2
(PGE
2
)和环氧化酶-2(COX-2)进行验证。
结果
2
与空白组比较,模型组大鼠24 hUP、SCr水平显著升高(
P
<
0.01),肾脏病理损伤明显,血清IgA含量显著升高(
P
<
0.01),肾脏组织AA、PGE
2
水平显著升高(
P
<
0.01),肾脏中COX-2、葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、真核生物起始因子2
α
(P-EIF2
α
)、激活转录因子4(ATF4)、肌醇需求酶1
α
(IRE1
α
)、剪接型X-box结合蛋白1(XBP1s)蛋白表达明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01);与模型组比较,各干预组大鼠24 h UP、SCr水平有不同程度的降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),肾脏病理损伤得到改善,血清IgA降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),肾脏AA和PGE
2
水平降低(
P
<
0.01);Western blot及IHC结果显示,TFA明显降低肾脏组织中COX-2、GRP78、P-EIF2
α
、ATF4、IRE1
α
、XBP1s水平(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。代谢组学结果表明,空白组、模型组及TFA-M3组间共同差异代谢物共51个,TFA可通过影响
L
-天冬氨酸、前列腺素2
α
、白三烯B
4
、白三烯D
4
等参与花生四烯酸、精氨酸的生物合成等代谢途径改善IgAN。
结论
2
TFA可调节花生四烯酸代谢途径,从而调控内质网应激,减少肾脏损伤,改善IgA肾病。
Objective
2
To elucidate the mechanism by which total flavonoids of Abelmoschi Corolla (TFA) treat immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) through serum metabolomics analysis.
Methods
2
SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly assigned into six groups (
n
=10): blank, model, low-dose TFA (TFA-L, 27 mg·kg
-1
), medium-dose TFA (TFA-M, 54 mg·kg
-1
), high-dose TFA (TFA-H, 108 mg·kg
-1
), and losartan potassium (LST, 4.5 mg·kg
-1
) groups. The remaining five groups, excluding the blank group, were modeled with bovine serum albumin (BSA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl
4
). Specifically, from weeks 1 to 10, BSA was administered via gavage every other day, and a mixture of castor oil and CCl
4
was injected subcutaneously once a week, with LPS injected into the tail vein at weeks 6 and 8. After successful modeling, each intervention group was administrated with the medication prepared with distilled water once daily by gavage for a continuous period of 4 weeks. The levels of 24-hour urinary total protein (24 h UP) and serum creatinine (SCr) were quantified by kits, and the serum IgA level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Renal pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. Renal IgA deposition was assessed by immunofluorescence (IF). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed to detect the expression of ER stress-related factors. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to screen differential metabolites for analysis, and key metabolites arachidonic acid (AA), prostaglandin E
2
(PGE
2
), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were validated.
Results
2
Compared with the blank group, the model group showed increased 24-hour urine protein (24 h UP) and serum creatinine (SCr) levels (
P
<
0.01), obvious renal pathological damage, elevated serum IgA level (
P
<
0.01), increased renal AA and PGE
2
levels (
P
<
0.01)
, and up-regulated protein levels of COX-2, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2
α
(P-EIF2
α
), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), inositol-requiring enzyme 1
α
(IRE1
α
), and spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) in the renal tissue (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, the intervention groups showed reductions in 24 h UP and SCr levels (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), alleviated renal pathological injury, decreased serum IgA level (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), and reduced renal AA and PGE
2
levels (
P
<
0.01). Western blot and IHC results showed that TFA reduced the levels of COX-2, GRP78, P-EIF2
α
, ATF4, IRE1
α
, and XBP1s in the renal tissue (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Metabolomics results indicated that 51 commonly differential metabolites were found among the normal, model, and TFA-M groups. TFA ameliorated IgAN by affecting metabolic pathways related to the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid and arginine through
L
-aspartic acid, prostaglandin 2
α
, leukotriene B
4
, leukotriene D
4
, among others.
Conclusion
2
TFA can regulate the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway, thereby modulating ER stress, reducing renal damage, and ameliorating IgA nephropathy.
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