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1.北京中医药大学 中医学院,北京 102446
2.河北省沧州中西医结合医院 河北省中西医结合神经康复重点实验室,河北 沧州 061001
Received:29 October 2025,
Revised:2025-12-31,
Accepted:12 January 2026,
Online First:23 January 2026,
Published:05 June 2026
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张浩嘉,王凯,刘坤静等.黄连解毒汤及其主要活性成分抑制LPS所致BV2小胶质细胞M1型极化的机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(11):44-55.
ZHANG Haojia,WANG Kai,LIU Kunjing,et al.Mechanisms of Huanglian Jiedutang and Its Major Active Constituents in Inhibiting LPS-induced M1 Polarisation of BV2 Microglia[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(11):44-55.
张浩嘉,王凯,刘坤静等.黄连解毒汤及其主要活性成分抑制LPS所致BV2小胶质细胞M1型极化的机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(11):44-55. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20260326.
ZHANG Haojia,WANG Kai,LIU Kunjing,et al.Mechanisms of Huanglian Jiedutang and Its Major Active Constituents in Inhibiting LPS-induced M1 Polarisation of BV2 Microglia[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(11):44-55. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20260326.
目的
2
探讨黄连解毒汤及其主要活性成分(京尼平苷、黄芩苷、小檗碱)能否通过高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)/Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核转录因子-
κ
B(NF-
κ
B)信号通路抑制脂多糖(LPS)干预下BV2细胞的炎症反应,同时深入研究在等含量比例条件下,3种单体、单体合方及黄连解毒汤复方之间的疗效差异。
方法
2
将BV2小胶质细胞作为主要研究对象,细胞增殖与活性检测(CCK-8)法检测不同浓度二甲基亚砜(DMSO)(0.8%、0.4%、0.2%、0.1%和0.05%)对细胞活力的影响,Incucyte监测不同质量浓度黄连解毒汤(200、100、50、25、12.5、6.25 mg·L
-1
)对细胞生长状态的影响,一氧化氮(NO)检测筛选黄连解毒汤最佳给药浓度,高效液相色谱(HPLC)仪检测分析黄连解毒汤中京尼平苷、黄芩苷和小檗碱的含量并依据含量占比设置组别,CCK-8法检测各组药物对细胞活力的影响,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测各组细胞上清液炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-
α
(TNF-
α
)、白细胞介素(IL)-1
β
、IL-6和IL-10]的含量,流式细胞术测定各组药物对BV2细胞M1型极化的影响,蛋白免疫印迹法检测各组药物对BV2细胞HMGB1、TLR4及NF-
κ
B相关蛋白表达水平的影响。
结果
2
与空白组比较,0.2%及以下浓度的DMSO在48 h内对细胞活力没有影响,BV2细胞在200 mg·L
-1
浓度的黄连解毒汤干预下,24 h时生长状态达到平台期,同时在2 mg·L
-1
LPS的刺激下,该浓度的黄连解毒汤可以更好地减少NO的释放且预给药6 h较直接给药干预对于NO的抑制作用更强。HPLC结果显示,每1 mg黄连解毒汤冻干粉中含大约京尼平苷24 μg、黄芩苷15 μg和小檗碱30 μg,依照含量比例设置后续实验组别:空白组、2 mg·L
-1
LPS组、200 mg·L
-1
黄连解毒汤组、单体合方组、4.8 mg·L
-1
京尼平苷组、3 mg·L
-1
黄芩苷组、6 mg·L
-1
小檗碱组。其中单体合方组为3种活性成分复合溶解而成。与空白组比较,LPS和黄连解毒汤及其活性成分组皆不影响细胞活力。与空白组比较,LPS组显著升高细胞上清液炎症因子TNF-
α
、IL-1
β
、IL-6和IL-10(
P
<
0.01),黄连解毒汤及其活性成分均可下调细胞上清液促炎因子TNF-
α
、IL-1
β
、IL-6(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),同时上调抗炎因子IL-10(
P
<
0.01),其中单体合方组抑炎能力最佳(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。与空白组比较,LPS组显著升高BV2细胞CD80
+
CD86
+
亚群(M1型)的比例(
P
<
0.01),黄连解毒汤及其活性成分均对BV2细胞的M1型极化有明显抑制作用(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),单体合方组同样效果最佳(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。与空白组比较,LPS组HMGB1、TLR4及NF-
κ
B相关蛋白的表达明显上升(
P
<
0.01),而用黄连解毒汤及其活性成分干预BV2细胞后,这些蛋白的表达明显降低(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),其中单体合方组调节该通路效果最明显(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)。
结论
2
黄连解毒汤及其主要活性成分(京尼平苷、黄芩苷和小檗碱)皆能够抑制LPS刺激下BV2细胞的炎症反应,且3种活性成分复合而成的单体合方抑炎效果最佳,其通过HMGB1/TLR4/NF-
κ
B信号通路,显著减轻LPS干预下BV2细胞的M1型极化。
Objective
2
To investigate whether Huanglian Jiedutang (HLJD) and its major active constituents (geniposide, baicalin, and berberine) can inhibit the inflammatory response of BV2 cells under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation via the high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-
κ
B (NF-
κ
B) signaling pathway, and to explore differences in therapeutic efficacy among the three monomers, their combined formula, and HLJD under equal content ratios.
Methods
2
BV2 microglial cells were used as the primary experimental model. Cell viability was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method to examine the effects of different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 0.8%, 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.05%) on cell viability. IncuCyte was employed to monitor the growth of cells under different concentrations of HLJD (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 mg·L
-1
). Nitric oxide (NO)
assay was used to screen the optimal HLJD concentration. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determined the content of geniposide, baicalin, and berberine in HLJD, and experimental groups were subsequently established according to the relative proportions of these constituents. CCK-8 assay evaluated cell viability under different treatments. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-
α
, IL-1
β
, IL-6, IL-10) in the supernatant. Flow cytometry assessed the effects of treatments on M1-type polarization of BV2 cells. Western blot determined the expression levels of HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-
κ
B-related proteins.
Results
2
Compared with the blank group, DMSO at concentrations ≤0.2% did not affect cell viability within 48 h. BV2 cell growth plateaued at 24 h after treatment with 200 mg·L
-1
HLJD. Under stimulation with 2 mg·L
-1
LPS, this concentration of HLJD effectively reduced NO release, and 6 h pre-treatment had a stronger inhibitory effect on NO than direct administration. HPLC results showed that 1 mg of HLJD freeze-dried powder contained approximately 24 μg of geniposide, 15 μg of baicalin, and 30 μg of berberine. Based on these ratios, experimental groups were blank, LPS (2 mg·L
-1
), HLJD (200 mg·L
-1
), monomer combination, geniposide (4.8 mg·L
-1
), baicalin (3 mg·L
-1
), and berberine (6 mg·L
-1
). The monomer combination group consisted of all three active constituents dissolved together. LPS and HLJD or its active constituents did not affect cell viability compared with the blank group. LPS significantly increased TNF-
α
, IL-1
β
, IL-6, and IL-10 in the supernatant (
P
<
0.01). HLJD and its active constituents significantly reduced pro-inflammatory factors TNF-
α
, IL-1
β
, and IL-6 (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01)
while upregulating anti-inflammatory IL-10 (
P
<
0.01), with the monomer combination showing the strongest effect (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the blank group, LPS significantly increased the proportion of CD80⁺CD86⁺ (M1-type) BV2 cells (
P
<
0.01). HLJD and its constituents partially inhibited M1 polarization (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), with the monomer combination exhibiting the most pronounced effect (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the blank group, LPS upregulated HMGB1, TLR4, and NF-
κ
B-related proteins (
P
<
0.01), whereas HLJD and its active constituents significantly reduced their expression (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), with the monomer combination having the strongest regulatory effect (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01).
Conclusion
2
HLJD and its major active constituents (geniposide, baicalin, berberine) can inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 cells. The combination of the three active constituents demonstrates the most potent anti-inflammatory effect, significantly attenuating M1-type polarization of BV2 cells via the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-
κ
B signaling pathway.
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