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1.河北中医药大学,石家庄 050091
2.河北省沧州中西医结合医院,河北 沧州 061001
3.华北理工大学,河北 唐山 063210
Received:31 October 2025,
Revised:2026-01-22,
Accepted:26 January 2026,
Online First:30 January 2026,
Published:05 June 2026
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孙梦颖,王俪臻,李彤等.黄连解毒汤通过抑制NF-κB信号通路调控神经元改善缺血性脑卒中后认知功能障碍[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(11):68-76.
SUN Mengying,WANG Lizhen,LI Tong,et al.Huanglian Jiedutang Improves Cognitive Impairment after Schemic Stroke by Regulating Neuron via NF-κB Signaling Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(11):68-76.
孙梦颖,王俪臻,李彤等.黄连解毒汤通过抑制NF-κB信号通路调控神经元改善缺血性脑卒中后认知功能障碍[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(11):68-76. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20260523.
SUN Mengying,WANG Lizhen,LI Tong,et al.Huanglian Jiedutang Improves Cognitive Impairment after Schemic Stroke by Regulating Neuron via NF-κB Signaling Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(11):68-76. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20260523.
目的
2
探讨黄连解毒汤对缺血性脑卒中(IS)小鼠认知功能的改善作用,并重点阐明其是否通过抑制核转录因子-
κ
B(NF-
κ
B)信号通路,进而阻断其所调控的神经元凋亡来发挥神经保护作用。
方法
2
采用大脑中动脉闭塞法建立IS模型,60只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,黄连解毒汤低(3.9 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
)、高(7.8 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
)剂量组及银杏叶提取物组(31.2 mg·kg
-1
·d
-1
),每组12只。术后评估神经功能缺损评分(Longa评分)、脑梗死体积(2,3,5-三苯基四唑氯化物,TTC染色)及脑组织含水量;新物体识别(NOR)和条件恐
惧(FC)实验评价学习记忆;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察海马病理变化;免疫荧光(IF)检测星形胶质细胞标志物胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、神经元激活标志物原癌基因c-Fos及
γ
-氨基丁酸合成酶谷氨酸脱羧酶65(GAD65)的表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测核转录因子-
κ
B抑制蛋白
α
(I
κ
B
α
)、磷酸化(p)-I
κ
B
α
、核转录因子-
κ
B p65亚基(NF-
κ
B p65)、p-NF-
κ
B p65、离子钙结合适配分子-1(Iba-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-
α
(TNF-
α
)、白细胞介素-1
β
(IL-1
β
)及凋亡相关蛋白[裂解的胱天蛋白酶-3(cleaved Caspase-3)、B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)相关X蛋白(Bax)、Bcl-2]的表达;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测Iba-1、TNF-
α
、IL-1
β
、NF-
κ
B p65、cleaved Caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2 mRNA水平。
结果
2
与假手术组比较,模型组Longa评分、脑组织含水量及脑梗死体积均显著增加(
P
<
0.01),海马CA1区神经元排列紊乱,出现核固缩、核溶解等病理改变;NOR探索时间及FC冻结时间缩短(
P
<
0.01);GFAP、c-Fos表达升高,GAD65表达降低(
P
<
0.01);cleaved Caspase-3、Bax表达上调,Bcl-2表达下调,Bax/Bcl-2升高(
P
<
0.01);p-I
κ
B-
α
、p-NF-
κ
B p65及炎症因子IL-1
β
、TNF-
α
、Iba-1表达均显著上升(
P<
0.01)。与模型组比较,黄连解毒汤高、低剂量组及银杏叶提取物组上述指标均显著改善(
P
<
0.01),其中黄连解毒汤高剂量组神经元结构恢复更明显,NOR与FC表现更好(
P
<
0.01),GFAP、c-Fos表达下降,GAD65升高(
P<
0.01),凋亡蛋白表达被逆转,且NF-
κ
B信号通路及相关炎症因子表达均受抑制(
P
<
0.01)。
结论
2
黄连解毒汤能够改善IS后小鼠的认知功能障碍,其机制可能是通过抑制NF-
κ
B通路,进而减轻神经炎症和海马神经元凋亡有关。
Objective
2
To investigate the effects of Huanglian Jiedutang (HLJDT) on cognitive function in mice with ischemic stroke (IS) and to elucidate whether its neuroprotective effects are mediated by inhibition of the nuclear factor-
κ
B (NF-
κ
B) signaling pathway and subsequent suppression of NF-
κ
B-regulated neuronal apoptosis.
Methods
2
An IS model was established using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Sixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to five groups (
n
=12 per group),
i.e
., sham operation, model, HLJDT low-dose (3.9 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
), HLJDT high-dose (7.8 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
), and
Ginkgo biloba
extract (GBE, 31.2 mg·kg
-1
·d
-1
). Post-operatively, neurological deficit scores (Longa score), cerebral infarct volume assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and brain water content were evaluated. Learning and memory were assessed using new object recognition (NOR) and fear conditioning (FC) tests. Hippocampal pathology was examined via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Immunofluorescence detected expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, astrocyte marker), cellular oncogene Fos (c-Fos, neuronal activation marker), and glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65). Western blot measured nuclear factor-
κ
B inhibitor protein α (I
κ
B
α
), phosphorylated I
κ
B
α
(p-I
κ
B
α
), NF-
κ
B p65, phosphorylated NF-
κ
B p65 (p-NF-
κ
B p65), ionic calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-
α
, interleukin (IL)-1
β
, and apoptosis-related proteins, such as cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease 3 (Caspase-3), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Real-time quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR) was used to assess mRNA levels of Iba-1, TNF-
α
, IL-1
β
, NF-
κ
B p65, cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2.
Results
2
Compared with the sham group, the model group exhibited significantly increased neurological deficit scores, brain water content, and cerebral infarct volume (
P
<
0.01). Hippocampal C
A1 neurons were disorganized, showing nuclear pyknosis and karyolysis. NOR exploration time and FC freezing time were significantly reduced (
P
<
0.01). GFAP and c-Fos expression were increased, while GAD65 expression was decreased (
P
<
0.01). Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax were upregulated, Bcl-2 was downregulated, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was elevated (
P
<
0.01). Expression levels of p-I
κ
B
α
, p-NF-
κ
B p65, IL-1
β
, TNF-
α
, and Iba-1 were significantly increased (
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, HLJDT high-dose, low-dose, and GBE groups showed significant improvements in all parameters (
P
<
0.01). Among them, the HLJDT high-dose group showed the most pronounced neuronal structural recovery and superior performance in NOR and FC tests (
P
<
0.01). In this group, GFAP and c-Fos decreased, GAD65 increased (
P
<
0.01), apoptosis-related protein expression was reversed, and NF-
κ
B signaling and related inflammatory factor expression were suppressed (
P
<
0.01).
Conclusion
2
HLJDT ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in mice after IS, potentially by inhibiting the NF-
κ
B signaling pathway, thereby reducing neuroinflammation and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.
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