1.北京中医药大学,北京 100029
2.首都医科大学 附属北京中医医院,北京 100010
3.日本武库川女子大学,日本 663-8558
徐淼,在读硕士,从事中医药防治肾脏疾病的相关研究,E-mail:xm18810536695@163.com
吕翠岩,博士,教授,主任医师,从事中医药防治内分泌代谢性疾病的临床与实验研究,E-mail:lvcuiyan@bjzhongyi.com
收稿:2025-07-14,
修回:2025-09-09,
录用:2025-09-10,
网络首发:2025-09-28,
纸质出版:2026-06-05
移动端阅览
徐淼,赵保胜,王友等.基于cAMP信号通路探讨补肾开玄通络方改善糖尿病肾病的作用机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(11):87-96.
XU Miao,ZHAO Baosheng,WANG You,et al.Mechanism of Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo Prescription in Improving Diabetic Nephropathy Based on cAMP Signaling Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(11):87-96.
徐淼,赵保胜,王友等.基于cAMP信号通路探讨补肾开玄通络方改善糖尿病肾病的作用机制[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2026,32(11):87-96. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20251938.
XU Miao,ZHAO Baosheng,WANG You,et al.Mechanism of Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo Prescription in Improving Diabetic Nephropathy Based on cAMP Signaling Pathway[J].Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae,2026,32(11):87-96. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20251938.
目的
2
探究补肾开玄通络方调节环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)信号通路发挥糖尿病肾病(DKD)小鼠肾脏保护作用的分子机制。
方法
2
30只SPF级雄性db/db小鼠适应性喂养3周,检测尾静脉随机血糖≥11.1 mmol·L
-1
,计算尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)≥30 mg·g
-1
者视为造模成功。将成模小鼠随机分为模型组,补肾开玄通络低、中、高剂量组(7、14、28 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
)及阳性药厄贝沙坦(20 mg·kg
-1
·d
-1
)组,每组6只;另取6只db/m小鼠作为空白组。各组分别予上述相应浓度的补肾开玄通络方、厄贝沙坦或等体积的纯水灌胃干预,持续12周。实验期间动态监测小鼠一般状况、体质量变化及肾功能指标。干预结束后,采用血糖仪检测小鼠空腹血糖(FBG),采用全自动生化仪检测小鼠血肌酐(SCr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿微量白蛋白(uALB)、ACR、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、瘦素(LEP)、糖化血清蛋白(GSP)、胰岛素(INS)水平。取肾组织行苏木素-伊红(HE)、过碘酸-雪夫(PAS)和马松(Masson)染色观察其组织病理变化。采用免疫组化法(IHC)检测小鼠蛋白激酶A(PKA)、cAMP反应原件结合蛋白(CREB)表达;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测小鼠肾组织PKA、磷酸化(p)-PKA、CREB、p-CREB、B细胞淋巴瘤-2(Bcl-2)蛋白表达水平;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测小鼠肾组织中PKA、CREB、Bcl-2 mRNA表达
水平。
结果
2
与空白组比较,模型组小鼠精神萎靡,活动下降,体质量显著增加(
P
<
0.01);生化指标显示BUN、uALB、ACR、AST、ALT、TC、TG、FBG、LEP、GSP、INS显著上升(
P
<
0.01),SCr有上升趋势,差异无统计学意义;与模型组比较,补肾开玄通络方干预组小鼠的一般状况改善,体质量呈现下降趋势;生化指标显示BUN、uALB、ACR、TC、GSP、INS明显降低(
P
<
0.05),SCr、AST、ALT、TG、LEP有降低趋势,差异无统计学意义。肾组织病理学分析显示,模型组可见肾小球基底膜增厚、系膜基质扩张、肾小管间质胶原纤维沉积等DKD病变的典型特征,各治疗组均能减轻上述病理损伤。免疫组化结果显示,与空白组比较,模型组肾组织中p-PKA、p-CREB表达水平显著降低(
P
<
0.01);与模型组比较,补肾开玄通络方中剂量组其表达水平显著增加(
P
<
0.01),p-CREB表达水平有增加趋势,差异无统计学意义。Western blot结果显示,与空白组比较,模型组p-PKA/PKA、p-CREB/CREB、Bcl-2表达水平明显降低(
P
<
0.05);与模型组比较,补肾开玄通络方中剂量组其表达水平显著增加(
P
<
0.01)。Real-time PCR结果显示,与空白组比较,模型组PKA、CREB、Bcl-2的mRNA表达明显下调(
P
<
0.05);与模型组比较,补肾开玄通络方中剂量组其表达明显上调(
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
补肾开玄通络方能改善db/db小鼠肝肾功能,纠正脂代谢紊乱及糖代谢失衡,其肾脏保护作用与上调cAMP信号通路改善肾纤维化,减轻氧化应激水平,进而保护肾功能。
Objective
2
To investigate the molecular mechanism by which the Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription exerts a renal protective effect in mice with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by regulating the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway.
Methods
2
Thirty specific pathogen-free (SPF) male db/db mice were adaptively fed for three weeks. Mice with a random tail vein blood glucose level ≥ 11.1 mmol·L
-1
and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥ 30 mg·g
-1
were considered successfully modeled. The successfully modeled mice were randomly divided into five groups with six mice in each group: the model group, the low-, medium-, and high-dose Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription groups (administered at doses of 7, 14, 28 g·kg
-1
·d
-1
respectively), and the positive drug irbesartan group (administered at a dose of 20 mg·kg
-1
·d
-1
). Additionally, six db/m mice were selected as the blank group. Mic
e in each group were given intragastric administration of the Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription at the corresponding concentrations, irbesartan, or an equal volume of pure water, and the intervention lasted for 12 weeks. During the experiment, the general conditions, body weight changes, and renal function indicators of the mice were dynamically monitored. After the intervention, a blood glucose meter was used to measure the fasting blood glucose (FBG) of the mice. An automatic biochemical analyzer was employed to detect the levels of serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary microalbumin (uALB), ACR, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), leptin (LEP), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), and insulin (INS) in the mice. Renal tissues were collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, and Masson's trichrome staining to observe the histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expressions of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the mice. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of PKA, phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA), CREB, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB), and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins in the renal tissues of the mice. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of PKA, CREB, and Bcl-2 in the renal tissues of the mice.
Results
2
Compared with the blank group, the mice in the model group showed listlessness, decreased activity, and a significant increase in body weight (
P
<
0.01). Biochemical indicators revealed that the levels of BUN, uALB, ACR, AST, ALT, TC, TG, FBG, LEP, GSP, and INS were significantly increased (
P
<
0.01), while SCr showed an increasing trend with no statistically significant difference. Compared wit
h the model group, the mice in the Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription intervention groups had improved general conditions and a decreasing trend in body weight. Biochemical indicators showed that the levels of BUN, uALB, ACR, TC, GSP, and INS were significantly decreased (
P
<
0.05), while SCr, AST, ALT, TG, and LEP showed a decreasing trend with no statistically significant difference. Renal histopathological analysis showed that the model group exhibited typical DKD pathological features such as thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, expansion of the mesangial matrix, and deposition of collagen fibers in the renal tubulointerstitium, and all treatment groups could alleviate the above pathological damages. The IHC results showed that compared with the blank group, the expression levels of p-PKA and p-CREB in the renal tissues of the model group were significantly decreased (
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression level of p-PKA in the medium-dose Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription group was significantly increased (
P
<
0.01), while the expression level of p-CREB showed an increasing trend with no statistically significant difference. Western blot results showed that compared with the blank group, the expression levels of p-PKA/PKA, p-CREB/CREB, and Bcl-2 in the model group were significantly decreased (
P
<
0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression levels of these proteins in the medium-dose Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription group were significantly increased (
P
<
0.01). Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the blank group, the mRNA expressions of PKA, CREB, and Bcl-2 in the model group were significantly down-regulated (
P
<
0.05). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expressions of these genes in the medium-dose Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription group were significantly up-regulated (
P
<
0.05).
Conclusion
2
The Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo prescription can improve the liver and kidney functions of db/db mice, correct lipid metabolism disorders and glucose metabolism imbalance. Its renal protective effect is associated with up-regulating the cAMP signaling pathway to improve renal fibrosis and reduce the level of oxidative stress, thereby protecting renal function.
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