1.北京中医药大学 中医药研究院中药现代研究中心,北京 102488
2.北京中医药大学 中药学院,北京 102488
王俊娇,在读硕士,从事中药药理学研究,E-mail:wjj20000429@163.com
赵云芳,副研究员,硕士生导师,从事中药药效物质与质量评价,E-mail:yunfang.zhao@163.com
郑姣,研究员,博士生导师,从事中药药理学研究,E-mail:zj98v2@163.com; *
收稿:2026-02-02,
修回:2026-03-17,
录用:2026-03-18,
网络首发:2026-04-27,
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王俊娇, 黄杨丽, 孙攀喜, 等. 熊去氧胆酸改善ApoE-/-小鼠高脂血症与动脉粥样硬化的机制[J/OL]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2026,1-8.
WANG Junjiao, HUANG Yangli, SUN Panxi, et al. Mechanism of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Ameliorating Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2026, 1-8.
王俊娇, 黄杨丽, 孙攀喜, 等. 熊去氧胆酸改善ApoE-/-小鼠高脂血症与动脉粥样硬化的机制[J/OL]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2026,1-8. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20260408.
WANG Junjiao, HUANG Yangli, SUN Panxi, et al. Mechanism of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Ameliorating Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- Mice[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae, 2026, 1-8. DOI: 10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx.20260408.
目的
2
熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)作为传统中药熊胆的主要活性成分,已在肝胆疾病临床治疗中显示良好疗效。为拓展UDCA的临床适应症,本研究系统探讨其对高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化的改善作用,并阐明其潜在分子机制。
方法
2
通过高脂饮食诱导载脂蛋白E基因敲除(ApoE
-/-
)小鼠构建动脉粥样硬化模型,将ApoE
-/-
小鼠分为正常组、高脂模型组、阳性药依折麦布(5 mg·kg
-1
)组及UDCA低(100 mg·kg
-1
)、高(200 mg·kg
-1
)剂量组,除正常组给予正常饲料外,其他各组用高脂饲料喂养10周,同时持续灌胃给药10周,实验期间每周称量小鼠体质量。实验第10周,小鼠禁食6 h后眼眶取血,检测血浆中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,肝脏组织采用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察其脂质沉积情况,同时取小鼠主动脉流出道组织,采用油红O和苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察斑块大小。利用脂多糖(LPS)诱导THP-1单核巨噬细胞建立炎症模型,设置空白组、LPS模型组、UDCA低浓度组(50 μmol·L
-1
)、UDCA高浓度组(100 μmol·L
-1
),利用细胞增殖与活性检测试剂盒(CCK-8)检测细胞活性,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测细胞中白细胞介素-6 (IL-6) mRNA的表达水平;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测Janus激酶2(JAK2)、信号转导及转录激活因子3(STAT3)蛋白磷酸化水平及NOD样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)的变化。利用JAK2激动剂香豆霉素A
1刺激细胞并给药,检测UDCA对JAK2和STAT3蛋白磷酸化的影响。
结果
2
在体内实验中,与正常组比较,模型组小鼠第10周血浆TC、non-HDL-C显著升高,HDL-C显著降低(
P
<
0.01),小鼠肝质量及肝脏指数明显升高(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01);与模型组比较,UDCA干预可显著降低TC,且200 mg·kg
-1
UDCA能显著升高HDL-C(
P
<
0.01),UDCA可明显降低小鼠肝重及肝脏指数(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01),明显减少肝脏脂肪空泡并减轻脂肪变性,同时显著抑制主动脉流出道粥样斑块沉积。细胞实验中,与空白组比较,细胞中IL-6 mRNA表达、p-STAT3、p-JAK2/JAK2蛋白表达显著升高(
P
<
0.01);与模型组比较,50、100 μmol·L
-1
UDCA给药组均明显降低细胞中IL-6 mRNA表达量(
P
<
0.05),显著降低p-JAK2/JAK2(
P
<
0.01),同时明显降低STAT3蛋白Tyr705位点磷酸化水平(
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01);在JAK2激动剂香豆霉素A1刺激下,与激动剂组比较,UDCA低、高剂量给药组能够显著降低JAK2、STAT3蛋白的磷酸化水平(
P
<
0.01)。
结论
2
UDCA分别通过降低血浆胆固醇水平和抑制巨噬细胞炎症双重途径改善动脉粥样硬化,为UDCA拓展至高脂血症及动脉粥样硬化的临床应用提供了实验依据。
Objective
2
As the primary active component of traditional Chinese medicine bear bile, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has demonstrated favorable therapeutic efficacy in the clinical management of hepatobiliary diseases. To expand the clinical indications of UDCA, this study systematically investigated its ameliorative effects on hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms.
Methods
2
Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE
-/-
) mice were used to establish an atherosclerosis model induced by a high-fat diet. The ApoE
-/-
mice were randomly divided into a control group, a high-fat model group, a positive drug ezetimibe group (5 mg·kg
-1
), a low-dose UDCA group (100 mg·kg
-1
), and a high-dose UDCA group (200 mg·kg
-1
). Except that the control group was given a normal diet, all the other groups were fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks, with continuous intragastric administration for 10 weeks. Body weight was measured
weekly during the experiment. In the 10th week, orbital blood samples were collected following a 6 h fast. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in plasma were determined. Liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe lipid deposition. Meanwhile, the aortic outflow tract tissues were harvested and stained with Oil Red O and HE to evaluate atherosclerotic plaque size. An inflammatory model was established in THP-1 mononuclear macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The cells were divided into a blank control group, an LPS model group, a low-dose UDCA group (50 μmol·L
-1
), and a high‑dose UDCA group (100 μmol·L
-1
). Cell viability was detected using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The mRNA expression level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cells was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). The phosphorylation levels of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), as well as the protein expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), were determined by Western blot.
Results
2
In the
in vivo
experiment, compared with those in the control group, the levels of plasma TC and non-HDL-C in the model group were significantly increased, while HDL-C was significantly decreased at week 10 (
P
<
0.01). In the model group, the liver weight and liver index of mice were enhanced (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, UDCA intervention significantly reduced TC, and 200 mg·kg
-1
UDCA significantly increased HDL-C (
P
<
0.01). UDCA also significantly decreased liver weight and liver index (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01), markedly reduced hepatic lipid vacuoles, alleviated steatosis, and significantly inhibited atherosclerotic
plaque deposition in the aortic outflow tract. In the
in vitro
experiment, compared with those in the blank control group, the mRNA expression of IL-6 and the protein levels of p-STAT3 and p-JAK2/JAK2 were significantly increased (
P
<
0.01). Compared with the model group, 50 and 100 μmol·L
-1
UDCA significantly reduced IL-6 mRNA expression (
P
<
0.05) and p-JAK2/JAK2 (
P
<
0.01), and significantly decreased STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 (
P
<
0.05,
P
<
0.01). Under stimulation with coumermycin A1, a JAK2 agonist, both low- and high-dose UDCA significantly reduced the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 compared with the agonist group (
P
<
0.01).
Conclusion
2
UDCA ameliorates atherosclerosis through dual pathways: reducing plasma cholesterol levels and suppressing macrophage inflammation. These findings provide experimental evidence supporting the potential clinical application of UDCA in the management of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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