最新刊期
卷 25 ， 期 18 ， 2019
- 摘要：Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Zuoguiwan in treating ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis rats by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling pathway mediated by β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR).Method:Forty Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into Sham-operated group (Sham) and four ovariectomized (OVX) subgroups. Rats in Sham and OVX groups were treated with 17β-estradiol (50 μg·kg-1·d-1), and low and high-dose ZGW (2.3, 4.6 g·kg-1 lyophilized powder) for 3 months, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum markers of bone turnover. Micro-CT was used to evaluate and measure trabecular bone microarchitecture and bone mineral density (BMD) of the right distal femur. Western blot analysis and Real-time PCR were used to measure mRNA and protein expressions of β2AR, OPG and RANKL.Result:After 12 weeks of treatment with Zuoguiwan, the level of serum β-cross-linked c-telopeptide of type Ι collagen (β-CTX) (P<0.01) was lower, while the level of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) was higher (P<0.01) than those in the OVX group. Moreover, it could prevent the OVX-induced bone loss, and alleviate the trabecular bone microarchitecture of distal femur. Furthermore, Zuoguiwan could up-regulate the mRNA and protein expressions of OPG in tibia of the Zuoguiwan groups(P<0.01), reduce the mRNA and protein expressions of β2AR in the hypothalamus (P<0.01), and down-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of RANKL (P<0.05) in the tibia, compared with those in the OVX group.Conclusion:The mechanism of Zuoguiwan in alleviating BMD and trabecular bone microarchitecture in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis rats might be related to the regulation of RANKL/OPG Pathway mediated by β2AR.关键词：Zuoguiwan;osteoprotegerin;receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL);β2-adrenergic receptor(β2AR);postmenopausal osteoporosis(OPG)
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To observe the mRNA levels of Orexin and its receptors in the hypothalamus of ovariectomized osteoporosis rats, in order to explore the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP) and the mechanism Zuoguiwan.Method:An osteoporosis model induced by ovariectomy was established in rats. Totally 32 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, ovariectomized model group, 17β-estradiol treated positive group, and Zuoguiwan group, with 8 rates in each group. After 12 weeks of intragastric administration, the bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular microstructural changes of femur were detected by micro-CT (μ-CT), and the morphological changes of bone tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) staining. The markers of bone turnover in serum osteocalcin (OCN), N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen (PINP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expressions of orexin, orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) and orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) were measured by Real-time PCR.Result:Compared with sham-operated group, the μ-CT showed that BMD, bone volume fraction(BV/TV), trabecular thickness(Tb. Th)and trabecular number(Tb. N)in ovariectomized model group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while Trabecular Separation(Tb. Sp) was increased (P<0.01), and the bone trabeculae were obviously sparse, and the spacing was widened. HE staining showed that the trabecular bone was significantly rare, the structure was incomplete, the arrangement was loose, and the spacing was widened. ELISA showed that serum osteocalcin (OCN), and N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen (PINP) levels decreased, whereas tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) content increased (P<0.01), and hypothalamic Orexin, OX1R, OX2R mRNA expressions were down-regulated (P<0.01). After treatment, BMD, BV/TV, Tb. Th, Tb. N in Zuoguiwan group increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), while Tb. Sp decreased (P<0.01), bone trabeculae became dense, void fraction decreased, distribution was uniform, arrangement was acceptable, and the microstructure was significantly improved.serum OCN and PINP increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), while TRAP content decreased (P<0.01), the mRNA expressions of Orexin, OX1R and OX2R in the hypothalamus were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion:Decreased mRNA levels of Orexin and its receptors in the hypothalamus may be one of the mechanisms of PMOP. Zuoguiwan may correct the imbalance of bone metabolism, improve the trabecular microstructure and improve bone by up-regulating the mRNA expressions of Orexin and its receptors in the hypothalamus, density, so as to show a therapeutic effect on PMOP.关键词：Zuoguiwan;postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP);orexin;orexin receptor 1 (OX1R);orexin receptor 2 (OX2R)
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Zuoguiwan is a classic prescription for replenishing vital essence, tonifying kidney-Yin and nourishing the bone marrow. Zuoguiwan is one of the effective prescriptions for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP), which reflects the thought of Reinforcing Yang from Yin. The OP animal model simulates the pathological state and pathogenesis of OP in human, which is an important means to research the pathogenesis of OP and verify the effect of drugs. In this paper, two kinds of animal models and characteristics of Zuoguiwan in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis were discussed in details. They are the primary osteoporosis animal models, including ovariectomized animal models and spontaneous elderly osteoporosis animal models, and the secondary osteoporosis models, including glucocorticoid-induced animal models, cyclophosphamide-induced animal models and subtotal nephrectomy animal models. The evaluation methods of Zuoguiwan in preventing and treating OP, including bone absorption markers and bone formation markers analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), bone mineral density detected with dual-energy X-ray, the number of trabeculae, trabecular segregation, trabecular thickness, bone volume/tissue volume ratio and bone surface/volume ratio analyzed using micro-CT, bone pathological morphology observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, bone biomechanical properties, such as the maximum load force based on biomechanical test. In order to provide scientific reference for the basic and clinical research of Zuoguiwan, the OP animal models and the pharmacodynamic effect of Zuoguiwan are evaluated comprehensively with five different and objective evaluation methods. However, the animal model of OP needs to be further optimized to highlight the pathogenesis and syndrome characteristics of Zuoguiwan in the treatment of OP.关键词：Zuoguiwan;postmenopausal osteoporosis;animal models;evaluation methods
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Topic on Tonifying Kidney, Benefiting Essence, Filling Marrow and Strengthening Bone Effects of Zuoguiwan
- 摘要：Objective:The effect of Xiexintang on Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling pathway in macrophage derived foam cells was studied by in vitro cell experiments.Method:The fifty SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into low, medium and high dose groups (1.4, 4.2, 12.6 g·kg-1·d-1) and normal groups. Except 20 rats in the normal group, 10 rats in each group were given equal volume of pure water gavage in the blank group. After the last Administration for 7 days, serum was separated, and the serum containing drugs in the low, medium and high dose groups of Xiexintang was prepared. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to intervene the differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophages into foam cells. The cell foam was identified by oil red O staining. After observing the effect of drug containing serum on the proliferation of macrophage derived foam cells by methye thiazolye telrazlium(MTT) method, the serum containing 20%concentration of each drug was selected to act on the foam cell model. The expression of interleukin(IL)-1β and interferon (INF)-γ was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR). TLR9, myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)and nuclear factor(NF)-κB were detected by Western blot.Result:Oil red O staining showed that the red particles were obvious after ox-LDL intervention. The foam cell model was successfully prepared. MTT results showed that there was no significant difference in cell proliferation between the high dose group of Xiexintang in the 10%~30%concentration range and the normal group serum. Follow up selection of the serum containing 20%concentration of each dose intervened the foam cells induced by ox-LDL. Compared with the normal group, the model group after ox-LDL intervention induced the high expression of TLR9, MyD88, NF-κB p65, IL-1β, INF-γ (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with model group, the serum of Xiexintang containing different dosage groups reduced the expression of TLR9, MyD88, NF-κB p65, IL-1β, INF-γ(P<0.05, P<0.01), and part of the intervention was dose-dependent.Conclusion:Xiexintang containing serum can inhibit ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 macrophage foaming, and its mechanism may involve regulation of TLR9/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway and inhibition of IL-1β and INF-γ overexpression. This may be one of its mechanisms of against atherosclerosis.关键词：Xiexintang;foam cells;Toll like receptor 9;atherosclerosis;oxidized low density lipoprotein
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To explore the effect of Qingjin Huatan Tang (QJHTD) on the inflammatory response of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) rats by observing the autophagy regulating effect of QJHTD on COPD rats.Method:The 50 SPF grade male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 10 rats in each group. In addition to the normal group, the remaining 40 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. After the establishment of the hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining identification model, the drugs were given to the 5 groups by gavage for 2 weeks, high and low-dose QJHTD groups were give the drug at 30, 10 g·kg-1. Roxithromycin positive control group was given the drug at 0.017 5 g·kg-1. The model control group and the normal group were given the same volume of normal saline. At 1 h after the last gavage, the rats were put to death to extract the airway, and the expressions of autophagy microtuble-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin-1 were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR) and Western blot. Changes of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8(IL-8) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Result:Real-time PCR analysis showed that compared with the normal group, Beclin-1 and LC3 mRNA expressions of autophagy factors in the model group were increased to varying degrees(P<0.05). QJHTD could significantly improve the autophagy response of airway epithelial cells in COPD rats, and the autophagy expression was significantly reduced compared with the model control group (P<0.05), with no significant difference between the high-dose group and the positive control group. Western blot results show that compared with the normal group, the expression of autophagy protein in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.05). compared with model control group, autophagy protein Beclin 1, LC3 expressions of the QJHTD treatment group were decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the high-dose QJHTD group and the Roxithromycin positive control group. ELISA results showed that the inflammatory level of mice in the model group was increased, while the contents of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in the airway epithelial cells of mice were decreased after treatment (P<0.05).Conclusion:QJHTD can alleviate the bronchial inflammation in COPD rats, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of autophagy in airway epithelium by QJHTD.关键词：Qingjin Huatan Tang (QJHTD);chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD);autophagy
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:Harmonization method is one of the eight unique methods of traditional Chinese medicine with important application value in clinic. Based on the effect of harmonization method in regulating cold and heat, the mechanism of Huangliantang in treating chronic non-atrophic gastritis(CNAG) on rats were studied.Method:Rats were divided into normal group (n=10) and CNAG model group (n=50). The model of CNAG rats was induced by chemical stimulation combined with hunger and satiety. The model group was randomly divided into 5 groups, namely the model group, the Jinghua Weikang pill treatment group, and the high, middle and low-dose Huangliantang groups, with 8 rats in each group. After the model was successfully established, the Jinghua Weikang pill treatment group (0.04 g·kg-1), the high, middle, low dose Huangliantang group (11.00, 5.48, 2.74 g·kg-1), the blank group and the model group were given the same dose of saline for 4 weeks, and then the samples were collected. The histological changes of gastric mucosa were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). immunohistochemistry(IHC) was used to detect nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its inhibitory protein receptor (IκBα), protein expression. Real-time quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was used to detect IκBα, NF-κB mRNA expressions.Result:In the model group, the gastric mucosa was damaged, a large number of inflammatory cells were infiltrated, the serum inflammatory factors increased significantly, mRNA and protein expressions of IκBα decreased, and mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB increased in the gastric tissue (P<0.01). In each treatment group, the inflammation of gastric mucosa was improved to some extent, the serum inflammatory factor was decreased, the mRNA expression of IκBα was up-regulated, IκBα protein was increased, while the expression of NF-κB mRNA was down-regulated, and NF-κB protein was decreased. The Jinghua Weikang pill treatment group and the high-dose Huangliantang group had the most obvious improvement (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion:Huangliantang for regulating cold and heat based on the harmonization method can effectively alleviate the degree of gastric mucosal injury, and reduce serum inflammatory factors in CNAG rats. The mechanism is related to the up-regulation of IκBα mRNA expression, and the down-regulation of NF-κB mRNA expression and NF-κB protein expression in gastric mucosa.关键词：harmonizing method;Huangliantang;chronic non-atrophic gastritis;nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Classic Prescriptions
- 摘要：Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of Erxian decoction on peri-menopausal cardiac electrophysiology in rats.Method:Female sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham operation group, model group, estradiol valerate group, and low, medium and high-dose Erxian decoction groups. Except the sham operation group, the rats in the other groups were completely removed from the ovarian replication peri-menopausal rat model. At the same time, estradiol valerate group (8×10-4 g·kg -1·d-1), low-dose Erxian decoction group (4 g·kg-1·d-1), middle-dose Erxian decoction group (8 g·kg-1·d-1) and high-dose Erxian decoction group (12 g·kg-1·d-1), sham operation group and model group were given the same amount of normal saline. The administration was given once a day for 80 consecutive days. The electrocardiogram of rats was recorded by biosignal detector connected to lead Ⅱ electrode. The content of estradiol (E2) in rat serum was detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological changes of rat uterus were observed by hematoxylin-eosin. The expression of the estrogen alpha receptor (ERα) protein was detected by Western blot method in myocardial tissue of rat.Result:Compared with the sham operation group, the amplitudes of P wave, R wave and T wave in the electrocardiogram of the model group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the PR interval, QRS time course and QT interval were shortened to different degrees. The E2 level was significantly lower (P<0.01). The uterus was obviously shriveled and shrank, the endometrial layer became thinner, and the number of glands reduced significantly. The expression of ERα receptor protein in myocardial tissue was significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the Erxian decoction group could improve the pathological changes of ECG in the above rats. The medium and high-dose Erxian decoction can significantly increase the E2 level (P<0.01), reverse significantly the pathological changes of the uterus, and up-regulate the expression of ERα receptor protein (P<0.01).Conclusion:Erxian decoction can improve cardiac electrophysiological changes in peri-menopausal rats, and its mechanism may be related to the increase of estrogen activity and estrogen receptor expression in rats.关键词：Erxian decoction;peri-menopause;estrogen;cardiac electrophysiology
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To screen the differentially expressed proteins of saponins in Pulsatillae Radix inhibiting the proliferation and induce apoptosis on NCI-H460 tumor cells based on proteome technology using nano LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS, and preliminarily speculate the potential mechanism.Method:NCI-H460, SK-OV-3 and SGC-7901 tumor cells were cultured in vitro. Methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the inhibitory rate of saponins in Pulsatillae Radix on three tumor cell lines. Effect of saponins in Pulsatillae Radix on apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) staining flow cytometry and 4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry and DAPI stain. Nano LC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS was used to investigate the changes in the protein profiles on NCI-H460 cells treated with saponins in Pulsatillae Radix. Proteins exhibiting differential expression were analyzed by DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.8 and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database. The differentially expressed proteins were verified by Western blot.Result:Saponins in Pulsatillae Radix could inhibit the proliferation of NCI-H460, SK-OV-3 and SGC-7901 tumor cells and induce apoptosis of NCI-H460 tumor cells. Effect of Saponins in Pulsatillae Radix on the proliferation and apoptosis of NCI-H460 tumor cells was mainly related to the regulation of biological function of ribosome, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and other biological processes. It was possible to induce apoptosis of NCI-H460 tumor cells by interfering mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and regulating the Caspase pathway.Conclusion:Saponins in Pulsatillae Radix can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of NCI-H460 tumor cells, the mechanism may be related to the intervention of MAPK signaling pathway and the regulation of Caspase pathway. These findings are helpful to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the anti-tumor effect of saponins in Pulsatillae Radix.关键词：saponins in Pulsatillae Radix;anti-tumor;apoptosis;proteomics;mass spectrometric detection;Caspase pathway;mitogen-activated protein kinase
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To observe the effect and mechanism of Jiedu Hugan decoction on drug-induced liver injury in rats by detecting serum liver function, serum biomarkers, inflammatory factors, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β).Method:The rat model of drug-induced liver injury was induced by acetaminophen (1 g·kg-1) orally once daily for 30 days. The sixty male adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups, control group, model group, administered silybin group(44.1 mg·kg-1), Jiedu Hugan decoction high, medium and low dose groups (63, 31.5, 15.75 g·kg-1), normal group and model group were given normal saline gavage, and the other groups were given corresponding liquid gavage for 30 days. After the experiment, the abdominal aorta separation take blood serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), enzyme for oxygen p1 (PON1) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), arginine (ARG), purine nucleotide phosphorylase (PNP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6) content. Pathological morphological changes of liver tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The protein expression of MIP-1β was observed by immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of MIP-2 was observed by single fluorescence immunohistochemistry, and the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in liver homogenate were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Result:Compared with normal group, levels of AST, ALT, DBIL, PON1, ARG, GLDH, MDH, PNP and TNF-α in model group were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with model group, detoxification, Jiedu Hugan decoction low dose group can obviously decrease transaminase activity and content of bilirubin (P<0.05, P<0.01). Jiedu Hugan decoction high dose group can significantly reduce the levels of PON1, MDH and the content of TNF-α in liver injury rats(P<0.05), Jiedu Hugan decoction low dose group significantly reduce the levels of ARG, MDH (P<0.05), Jiedu Hugan decoction high, middle dose group can obviously reduce the liver tissue MIP-2, MIP-1β protein expression, detoxification protect liver soup effect of the optimal dose group, the pathological morphology of liver cell dosage group were with different degree of protection.Conclusion:The effect of Jiedu Hugan decoction in medium dose group is better, and its mechanism may affect the chemotaxis of neutrophils induced by MIP-2 and MIP-1β by reducing the content of TNF-α, thus inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and preventing inflammation.关键词：drug-induced liver injury;Jiedu Hugan decoction;macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-2;MIP-1β
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To observe the effect of an active fraction of Polyrhachis vicina (AFPV) on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its possible mechanism based on animal and cell models.Method:Totally 60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, prednisone acetate group (5 mg·kg-1), and high, medium and low-dose AFPV groups (400, 200, 100 mg·kg-1). SLE model was replicated with bovine serum albumin-Freund's complete (incomplete) adjuvant. Arthus reaction was observed to study the effect of AFPV on the diameter of back skin redness in rats with SLE. The expressions of anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody, complements 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), immunoglobulin M (IgM), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-31 (IL-31) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD4+ T cells were isolated from the spleens of MRL/lpr and C57BL/6J mice at the age of 16 to 18 weeks by immunomagnetic beads method. The expressions of miR-200a and miR-155 and the levels of zinc-finger-enhancer binding protein 1(ZEB1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling1(SOCS1) in CD4+ T cells were observed to explore the effect of AFPV on SLE and its possible mechanism.Result:Compared with the normal group, the diameter of back skin swelling in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the high and medium-dose AFPV groups significantly reduce the skin redness on the back of SLE rats (P<0.05, P<0.01); Compared with the normal group, the serum levels of IgM, IL-6 and IL-33 were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the serum levels of IgM, IL-6 and IL-33 were significantly decreased after the intervention of AFPV (P<0.05). Compared with the normal group, the expression of miR-200a was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and its target protein ZEB1 was significantly increased (P<0.01) in the CD4+ T cells of MRL/lpr lupus mice. Compared with the model group, the expression of microRNA-200a increased significantly, the expression of microRNA-155 decreased significantly (P<0.01), the level of ZEB1 decreased significantly, and the expression of SOCS1 increased significantly after AFPV intervention(P<0.01).Conclusion:AFPV has therapeutic effect on rats with SLE, its mechanism may be related to the regulation of miR-200a/ZEB1 and miR-155/SOCS1.关键词：active fraction of Polyrhachis vicina; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE);Arthus reaction;CD4+ T cells
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of genistein on oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells.Method:Lipid accumulation model in HepG2 cells was induced by different concentrations of oleic acid for 24 h, and 12.5, 25, 50 μmol·L-1genistein and oleic acid acted on cells for 24 h. Cell viability was determined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Double staining with Nile red and DAPI was used to observe the intracellular lipid droplets. Intracellular triglyceride (TG) content was determined by kit. The protein expression levels of triglyceride lipase(ATGL), hormone-sensitive fatty acid(HSL), phosphorylation HSL(p-HSL), silent information regulator 1(STRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α(PPARα), carnitine palmityl transferase 1(CPT-1) in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells were detected by Western blot.Result:0.5 mmol·L-1 oleic acid and 12.5, 25, 50 μmol·L-1 genistein had no significant effect on cell viability after treated cells for 24 h. Compared with normal group, the TG content and lipid droplets in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells was significantly increased (P<0.01), and HSL phosphorylation in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells was significantly down-regulated (P<0.05); compared with model group, the TG content and intracellular lipid droplets in HepG2 cells was significantly decreased after administration of genistein (P<0.05, P<0.01). Genistein can significantly up-regulate the protein expression levels of ATGL, p-HSL/HSL, SIRT1, PPARα, and CPT-1 compared with model group (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion:Genistein can significantly improve the lipid accumulation in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells, and its mechanism may be related to up-regulating the protein expression levels of ATGL, p-HSL/HSL, SIRT1, PPARα, CPT-1, and thus promoting lipid hydrolysis and oxidative metabolism.关键词：genistein;HepG2 cells;oleic acid;lipid accumulation;triglyceride
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To establish a model for the injury of human neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y) induced by sodium glutamate, and to observe the protective effect of syringaresinol on cell damage from Viscum liquidambaricolum hayataon, and to explore its mechanism.Method:Construction of SH-SY5Y cell injury model using sodium glutamate.The experiment was divided into normal cell group, injury model group (sodium glutamate 50 mmol·L-1, sodium glutamate 50 mmol·L-1 + DMSO), syringaresinol experimental group (6.25, 12.5, 25 μmol·L-1), by cell counting, cell morphology observation, Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection, ROS reactive oxygen species detection, mitochondrial membrane potential, and Western blot, evaluation of syringaresinol on glutamate-induced neuronal excitability injury neuroprotective activity.Result:Compared with normal group, the cell survival rate of the model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01), ROS accumulation was significant (P<0.01), mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the expression of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and PARP1 protein was significantly decreased (P<0.01), the apoptotic rate of cells also increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the syringaresinol group (6.25, 12.5, 25 μmol·L-1) showed a concentration-dependent increase in cells. Survival rate (P<0.01), decreased ROS accumulation (P<0.01), restored mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.01), up-regulated PARP, PARP1 protein (P<0.01), decreased apoptosis rate (P< 0.01).Conclusion:Syringaresinol has significant protective activity against excitatory damage induced by sodium glutamate in SH-SY5Y neurons, the mechanism may be through anti-oxidative stress, repairing mitochondrial function and DNA damage to significantly reduce sodium glutamate-induced neuronal apoptosis.关键词：syringaresinol;sodium glutamate;nerve excitatory injury;human neuroblastoma cell (SH-SY5Y);neuroprotective effect
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Pharmacology
- 摘要：Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Chaoyi Qingfei Xiegan Tang on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the regulatory effect on inflammatory markers and intestinal flora.Method:One hundred and twenty-two patients were randomly divided into control group (65 cases) and observation group (67 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got metformin hydrochloride, 0.25 g/time, 2-3 times/day, and the dose was regulated based on glycemic control. In addition to the therapy in control groups, patients in observation group were also given Qingfei Xiegan Tang, 1 dose/day. A course of treatment was 2 months. Before and after treatment, levels of fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 h-postprandial plasma glucose (2 h PPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLD), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected. And insulin sensitivity index (ISI), HOMA insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and intestinal flora were detected. And scores of TCM symptoms were graded.Result:By rank sum test, the clinical efficacy of disease in observation group was better than that in control group (P<0.01). After treatment, levels of FPG, 2 h PG, HbA1c, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL-C, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and CRP were lower than those in control group (P<0.01), and levels of ISI, HDL-C were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). And the number of intestinal aerobic bacteria (enterobacter, enterococcus and yeast) was less than that in control group (P<0.05), and intestinal anaerobic flora (bacteroides, bifidobacterium and lactobacillus) were higher than those in control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:Qingfei Xiegan Tang can ameliorate 2 h PG, regulate levels of glucose, lipid and intestinal flora, relieve clinical symptoms, and inhibit inflammatory response, with a better clinical efficacy than that of pure western medicine.关键词：type 2 diabetes mellitus;Taiyinren;Qingfei Xiegan Tang;inflammatory response;intestinal flora
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of addition and subtraction therapy of Taohong Siwutang combined with Chaihu Shugansan to unstable angina pectoris with type A behavior pattern (Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome), and investigate its effects on proinflammatory factors and serotonin (5-HT).Method:One hundred twenty-four patients were randomly divided into control group (60 cases) and observation group(64 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got Aspirin enteric-coated tablets, 100 mg/time, 1 time/day. Tigrillo tablets, 90 mg/time, 2 times/days. Metoprolol tartrate tablets, 50 mg/time, 2 times/days. Simvastatin tablets, 10 mg/time, 1 time/day. Nitroglycerin tablets, 0.5 mg/time. Based on the treatment in control group, patients in observation group also received addition and subtraction therapy of Taohong Siwutang combined with Chaihu Shugansan, 1 dose/day. The treatment course was 8 weeks in both groups. Number of attacks, duration, degree of pain and usage of nitroglycerin were recorded for every week. Before and after treatment, electrocardiogram was also recorded. And levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), hypersensitive C-reactive protein and 5-HT were detected. In addition, scores of Seattle Angina Scale (SAQ) and Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome were graded.Result:In the rank sum test, the curative effect in electrocardiogram of observation group was better than that of control group (Z=1.965, P<0.05). Number of attacks, duration, degree of pain and usage of nitroglycerin were all less than those in control group (P<0.01). Scores of various dimensions in SAQ and the total scores of SAQ were all higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Scores of various symptoms for Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and the total scores were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Levels of LDL-C, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF-α and 5-HT in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01), while level of HDL-C was higher than that in control group (P<0.01).Conclusion:On the basis of conventional western medicine, addition and subtraction therapy of Taohong Siwutang combined with Chaihu Shugansan can further control angina attack, relieve clinical symptoms, improve quality of life, regulate lipid metabolism, and can inhibit expression of proinflammatory factors and 5-HT, so it can play a role in stabilizing the disease.关键词：unstable angina pectoris;type A behavior pattern;Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome;Taohong Siwutang;Chaihu Shugansan;proinflammatory factors;serotonin
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To observe the efficacy of modified Qingweisan on acute pulpitis (AP) of children with syndrome of hyperactivity of gastric fire and its effect on inflammatory factors.Method:One hundred and six patients were randomly divided into control group (52 cases) and observation group (54 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got one-off root canal therapy, and azithromycin for suspension after the therapy for a continued 3 days, 10 mg·kg-1, 3 times/days. In addition to the therapy of control group, patients in observation group were also given modified Qingweisan for 7 days, 1 dose/day. Before treatment and at the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days after treatment, visual analogue scale (VAS), faces rating scale-revised (FPS-R), verbal rating scale and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome were scored before and after treatment. And pain relief time and time for masticatory function returned to normal were recorded. And levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P were detected. And a 6-month follow-up was carried out to record the success or failure.Result:At the 3rd, 5th and 7th days after treatment, score of VAS in observation group was lower than that in control group(P<0.01). At the 3rd and 7th days after treatment, score of FPS-R was lower than that in control group (P<0.01). At the 7th days after treatment, degree of pain in observation group was lighter than that in control group (P<0.05). Pain relief time and time for masticatory function returned to normal in observation group were shorter than those in control group (P<0.01). Score of TCM syndrome was lower than that in in control group(P<0.01). And levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CGRP and SP were all lower than those in control group(P<0.01). According to 6-month follow-up, success rate in observation group was 81.48%, which was lower than 78.85%in control group, with no statistical significant difference between two groups.Conclusion:Modified Qingweisan can inhibit expressions of inflammatory factors and pain transmitters, ameliorate the pain and shorten course of disease among children after disposable root canal therapy, with a satisfactory short-term effect.关键词：acute pulpitis;syndrome of hyperactivity of gastric fire;Qingweisan;disposable root canal therapy;inflammatory factors;calcitonin gene-related peptide;substance P
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Clinic
- 摘要：Objective:To investigate the intervention effect of Dachuanxiong Fang multi-component preparation on acute migraine rats, in order to explore the possible mechanism by using urine metabolomics technology.Method:The forty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8), control group, model group, low-dose Dachuanxiong Fang multi-component preparation (DCXF) group (0.19 g·kg-1), medium-dose DCXF group (0.37 g·kg-1), and high-dose DCXF group (0.74 g·kg-1). Rats were subcutaneously injected with 10 mg·kg-1 nitroglycerin for modeling, and Dachuanxiong Fang multi-component preparation was administered through intragastric administration. After half an hour of administration, blood was collected from the abdominal aorta, and the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), calcitonlin gene related peplide (CGRP), dopamine(DA) in plasma were determined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The contents of 5-HT and NOS in the hypothalamus and brainstem of the control group and the model group were analyzed, and the average optical density value was used for statistical analysis. UPLC-TOF/MS combined with principal component analysis (PCA) analysis was used to analyze different groups of rats and discover differential metabolites. Differential metabolites were analyzed by MetaboAnalyst 3.0 software for possible metabolic pathways.Result:After modeling, compared with the control group, the content of neurotransmitters in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.01). After the intervention with Dachuanxiong Fang multi-component preparation, compared with the model group, the content of neurotransmitters was significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Based on UPLC-TOF/MS analysis, 10 potential biomarkers were found. After the intervention with Dachuanxiong multi-component preparation, the contents of tryptophan and proline were down-regulated, while the contents of gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA), lactic acid and β-hydroxybutyrate showed an upward trend. According to the metabolic pathway prediction study, metabolic pathways with a higher correlation were found to be alanine, aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism, propionic acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism and tryptophan metabolism.Conclusion:The possible metabolism pathway of Dachuanxiong Fang multi-component preparation is mainly amino acid metabolism in urine, and kynurenine is also the product of tryptophan metabolism pathway. The kynurenine metabolic pathway is also one of the main pathways of tryptophan metabolism.关键词：Dachuanxiong Fang;multi-component Chinese medicine preparation;metabolomics study;acute migraine;tryptophan metabolism
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Drug Metabolism
- 摘要：Objective:To screen the accelerated oxidation environment with the most drastic changes in the volatile oil composition of Foeniculi Fructus, and to optimize the type and concentration of antioxidants.Method:The volatile oil of Foeniculi Fructus was extracted by steam distillation. Taking thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and peroxide value (POV) as evaluation indexes, response surface method was used to investigate the effects of temperature, concentrations of ferrous ion (Fe2+ ) and azoamidine initiator V50 (AAPH) on volatile oil components of Foeniculi Fructus and its oxidation products. TBARS and POV were detected by ultraviolet chromatography. The oxidative environment with the most drastic changes of volatile oil composition of Foeniculi Fructus was screened. The type and concentration of antioxidants were selected by single factor experiments. The change discipline of volatile oil in Foeniculi Fructus after added different concentrations of antioxidants were analyzed by GC-MS.Result:The worst oxidizing environment for volatile oil of Foeniculi Fructus was as follows: temperature at 42.5 ℃, AAPH concentration of 1 g·L-1, Fe2+ concentration of 20.85 mg·L-1. Ascorbyl palmitate with concentrations of 0.2 mol·L-1 and 0.8 mol·L-1 could effectively improve the stability of volatile oil from Foeniculi Fructus.Conclusion:Under the accelerated oxidation environment, the terpenes in volatile oil from Foeniculi Fructus are significantly changed, but its stability can be improved by ascorbyl palmitate.关键词：Foeniculi Fructus;volatile oil;stability;antioxidants;ascorbyl palmitate;thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To establish a near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS) identification model for crude products, counterfeit products and processed products of Calamina by principal component analysis(PCA) and support vector machine(SVM) algorithm.Method:NIRS of crude products, counterfeit products and processed products of Calamina were collected, the characteristic spectrum segments were selected, the preprocessing method and the optimum principal component number were optimized, and the PCA-SVM qualitative model was established.Result:The characteristic spectrum segment of analysis model was 7 500-4 000 cm-1.Spectra were preprocessed by the first-order derivative method(FD). The optimum principal component number was 5. And the optimum internal parameters of SVM[penalty factor(c)=0.25 and kernel function parameter(g)=8] were screened by applying the grid search algorithm.In the PCA-SVM qualitative model, the prediction accuracy rate was 100%for the 5-fold cross validation, and the prediction accuracy rates also were 100%both for training set and test set.Conclusion:PCA-SVM analysis model of NIRS for Calamina samples has a high prediction accuracy rate, and it can be used for the rapid and nondestructive identification of crude products, counterfeit products and processed products of Calamina by combining the diffuse reflection technique on solid powder.关键词：Calamina;near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy;principal component analysis;support vector machine;first-order derivative method;grid search algorithm;5-fold cross validation
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Pharmacy and Processing
- 摘要：Objective:The fingerprint of Bupleurum chinense roots was developed with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC/Q-TOF-MS), the main chromatographic peaks were preliminary identified, and combined with principal component analysis(PCA) pattern recognition method to evaluate the quality of this herb from different origins.Method:The chromatographic separation was performed on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) with a gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.1%formic acid aqueous solution.The mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization(ESI) was used as detector and operated under the negative ion mode.Taking mass spectrometry data processing software of PeakView 1.2 and metabolomics analysis software of MarkerView 1.2.1, the different origins of B. chinense roots were analyzed by PCA.Result:The fingerprint of B. chinense roots was established within 35 min by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS.The samples from different origins were apparently classified by PCA.Eight compounds with significant differences were screened out, and the structures of three of them were identified as 3″-O-acetyl saikosaponin A, 3″-O-acetyl saikosaponin D, 6″-O-acetyl saikosaponin D.Conclusion:UPLC/Q-TOF-MS can be used for the rapid identification of fingerprint of B. chinense roots from different origins.IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 and PCA can comprehensively distinguish the differences of chemical components in B. chinense roots from different origins and can be used to evaluate the quality of this herb.关键词：Bupleurum chinense roots;fingerprint;principal component analysis;saponins;cluster analysis;saikosaponin A;saikosaponin D
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To determine the volatile chemical constituents of Panacix Quinquefolii Radix of different origins and different growth years, in order to provide the theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Panacix Quinquefolii Radix .Method:Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to extract, analyze and identify the volatile constituents of Panacix Quinquefolii Radix . The chromatographic peak area normalization method was used to determine the relative amount of ingredients.Result:A total of 151 compounds were identified in Panacix Quinquefolii Radix samples, including 99 hydrocarbons, 21 alcohol phenols, 7 aldehydes, 8 ketones, 1 ester, 15 heterocyclics and other compounds. Totally 68 kinds of compounds were identified in the roots of three-year-old Jilin Baishan, and the mass fraction accounted for 98.27%, 67 compounds were identified in the roots of four-year-old Jilin Baishan, and the mass fraction accounted for 98.79%, 65 compounds were identified in 3-year-old Panacix Quinquefolii Radix root, and the mass fraction accounted for 95.81%, and 63 compounds were identified in 4-year-old Panacix Quinquefolii Radix root, and the mass fraction accounted for 99.67%. The specific components of the volatile oil components of the four Panacix Quinquefolii Radix samples were 24, 23, 19, and 23, respectively, and the total composition was 16 species.Conclusion:The content and composition of volatile chemical constituents of Panacix Quinquefolii Radix of different origins are very different. This experiment provides a reference for the future quality evaluation of Panacix Quinquefolii Radix medicinal materials, rational development and utilization of resources.关键词：Panacix Quinquefolii Radix;volatile components;gas chromatography-mass spectrometry;headspace solid phase microextraction
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To study the suspension culture of tuber and its alkaloid content based on the stimulation of salicylic acid.Method:The tubers of Pinelliae Rhizoma in suspension tube were treated with different concentrations of exogenous salicylic acid to analyze the growth status. The content of alkaloids in tuber was detected by HPLC. Test conditions: chromatographic column for Agilent Eclipse plus C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), mobile phase of acetonitrile water(4∶96), the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃, detection wavelength for inosine 250 nm, guanosine 260 nm, volume flow rate 1.0 mL·min-1.Result:The results showed that the exogenous salicylic acid had a certain effect on the growth of suspension tuber of Pinelliae Rhizoma. When the salicylic acid concentration was 150 μmol·L-1, the culture lasted for 25 days and the fresh weight reached the maximum value of 7.483 8 g. It also accumulates a certain amount of alkaloids. The linear range of guanosine was 0.03-0.45 μg (R2=0.999 6). After 10-days cultivatation in the salicylic acid concentration of 50 μmol·L-1, guanosine content of Pinelliae Rhizoma tubers reached a maximum of 1.353 3 mg·g-1. The linear range of inosine 0.003-0.045 μg (R2=0.999 5). When the salicylic acid concentration was 200 μmol·L-1, cultured for 30 days, the content of inosine in Pinelliae Rhizoma tubers reached the maximum value of 0.149 8 mg·g-1.Conclusion:The results of this experiment provide a reference for the study of tissue culture and rapid propagation of Pinelliae Rhizoma tubers and regulation of alkaloids, which are of great significance for the development of Pinelliae Rhizoma industry.关键词：Pinelliae Rhizoma;tuber;exogenous stimulus;salicylic acid;alkaloid
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass for the determination of five biflavones.Method:Chromatographic separation was carried out on a ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) with gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.10%formic acid at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1, and the column temperature was set at 35 ℃.Result:Amentoflavone, bilobetin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, sciadopitysin showed a good linearity within the ranges of 0.02-13.20 mg·L-1(r=0.996 3), 0.05-23.60 mg·L-1(r=0.995 5), 0.09-18.60 mg·L-1(r=0.992 7), 0.10-21.00 mg·L-1(r=0.998 8), 0.06-16.00 mg·L-1(r=0.996 7), with average recoveries of 101.50%, 98.78%, 97.59%, 97.24%, 101.09%, and RSDs of 2.7%, 2.7%, 3.1%, 2.8%, 1.3%. The contents of amentoflavone, bilobetin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, sciadopitysin ranged between 121.30-434.74, 268.39-847.14, 251.80-1 297.10, 195.87-691.10, 477.48-3 003.90 μg·g-1. The total biflavones ranged between 1 474.45-5 635.40 μg·g-1. It shows a certain regularity that the low-vinegar leaves contain higher total flavonoids, and the total flavonoid content gradually decreases with the increase of tree age.Conclusion:The method was simple, and can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biflavones.关键词：UPLC-TQ-MS;Ginkgo biloba leaves;biflavones;tree age
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To establish an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ MS) method for the simultaneous determination of twelve components (wogonoside, baicalin, wogonin, chrysin, uteolin, caffeic acid, acetylcorynoline, corynoline, protopine, salicylic acid, uracil and adenosine) in Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid.Method:The analysis was performed on an Agilent Extend C18 column(3.0 mm×150 mm, 3.5 μm), with a gradient elution by using the mobile phase of methanol-water(0.1%formic acid). The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, electrospray ionization source (ESI), DMRM mode, and positive and negative ions alternate mode were adopted.Result:The 12 reference substances had a good specificity. Wogonoside, baicalin, wogonin, chrysin, uteolin, caffeic acid, acetylcorynoline, corynoline, protopine, salicylic acid, uracil and adenosine showed good linear relationships within the range of 0.062 24-16.24, 33.95-530.4, 0.013 64-3.558, 0.001 157-0.302 4, 0.001 199-0.313 0, 0.014 64-3.821, 0.000 739 5-0.038 59, 0.060 83-3.174, 0.002 443-0.637 4, 0.021 80-1.138, 0.022 99-6.000, 0.006 046-1.578 μg·L-1, with a good precision, stability and repeatability. And the average recoveries were 98.9%, 100.2%, 106.9%, 100.8%, 101.7%, 99.3%, 94.6%, 100.0%, 100.5%, 103.4%, 96.8%, 98.1%.Conclusion:This method was simple, sensitive and reliable. It laid a foundation to promote the quality control standard of Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid.关键词：Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid;UHPLC-QqQ-MS;quality control
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To establish an high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of four constituents in Niuhuang Qingwei pill (narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin), and identify the source of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus.Method:The analysis was performed on a Waters CORTECS C18 column (4.6 mm×50 mm, 2.7 μm), with acetonitrile-0.12% formic acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1, the detection wavelength was set at 283 nm, and the column temperature was 27 ℃.Result:12 batches of Niuhuang Qingwei pills showed the different content of flavonoids as Citrus aurantium and C. sinensis. Narirutin, naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 5.47-2 735 ng (r=0.999 6), 7.25-3 625 ng (r=0.999 5), 8.41-4 205 ng (r=0.999 4) and 8.36-4 180 ng (r=0.999 5), and their average recoveries were 101.3% (n=6, RSD 2.9%), 98.0% (n=6, RSD 1.8%), 95.9% (n=6, RSD 0.8%) and 96.0% (n=6, RSD 1.1%), respectively. The contents of narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin and total flavonoids were 0.36-1.28, 2.66-4.87, 1.02-11.07, 3.58-6.41, and 7.98-13.34 mg·g-1, respectively.Conclusion:The developed method was simple, accurate and reliable, which can be used to identify the source of Aurantii Immaturus Fructus and simultaneously determine the content of four flavonoids in Niuhuang Qingwei pills. It could provide basic research for quality control and composition comparison of 2 kinds of Niuhuang Qingwei pills, showing more comprehensive indicators and reference value for the quality standard improvement of Niuhuang Qingwei pill.关键词：Niuhuang Qingwei pill;Citrus aurantium;Citrus sinensis;narirutin;naringin;hesperidin;neohesperidin
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Resource and Quality Evaluation
- 摘要：Objective:To explore the mechanism of Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology.Method:Major chemical constituents, corresponding targets and target genes of Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang were obtained by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TCMSP), and target genes of type 2 diabetes mellitus were obtained by GeneCards. The target genes of drug and disease were mapped to predict target genes of Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cytoscape3.7.1 software was used to construct the compound-target network and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) of traditional Chinese medicine. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of potential genes and enrichment analysis of gene encyclopedia kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway were carried out using DAVID 6.8 online tool.Result:There were 17 active ingredients, 94 related targets, 17 key active ingredients and 16 key targets in Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang on type 2 diabetes mellitus. GO analysis showed that the biological functions of potential genes of Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang in the treatment of type 2 diabetes were mainly related to oxidative stress, apoptosis, protein binding, inflammatory reaction, et al. KEGG pathway enrichment results showed that the pathways of potential genes of Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mainly involved hypoxia inducible factor(HIF), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt), nuclear transcription factor-кB(NF-кB), and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) signaling pathways.Conclusion:Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang is a complex process of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It plays an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus by participating in oxidative stress, apoptosis, protein binding and inflammatory reaction.关键词：Dahuang Huanglian Xiexintang;type 2 diabetes mellitus;network pharmacology;mechanism of action
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Data Mining
- 摘要：Objective:To explore the effect of Scutellariae Radix on the diversity of intestinal flora in rats under physiological conditions, in order to determine the property of Scutellariae Radix property.Method:16S rRNA high-throughput gene sequencing technique was used to detect the cecum solutes of rats treated with Scutellariae Radix (10 g·kg-1). The number, richness and diversity index of the intestinal flora taxon (OTUs) and the differential phylum and genus were comprehensively analyzed. The network visualization was used to find the correlation between differential phylum and genus.Result:Based on the Illumina Miseq platform, compared with the blank group, the number of OTUs and the index of richness and diversity of the intestinal flora of the rats treated with Scutellariae Radix decreased. Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes were significantly up-regulated(P<0.01), while Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Tenericutes were significantly down-regulated(P<0.01). Among the 24 differential bacteria genera, 17 were significantly down-regulated(P<0.05, P<0.01), while 7 species were significantly up-regulated(P<0.01). On the basis of the network visualization analysis, the most influential phylua were Bacteroides and Firmicutes, in which Firmicutes showed a negative correlation with the rest of phylum, with the strongest negative correlation with spirochetes. There was a positive correlation between Bacteroides, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, but a negative correlation with Actinobacteria, and no correlation with other phylum. Most of the differential bacteria were enriched in Ruminococcus, Paraprevotella, Prevotella and Oscillospira.Conclusion:Scutellariae Radix can reduce the diversity of intestinal flora and inhibit the metabolism of the body, so its property is cold.关键词：Scutellariae Radix;intestinal flora;high-throughput sequencing;property theory
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To set a criterion for determining whether herbs distribute to kidney meridian from the perspective of tissue expression of protein receptors, so as to provide new ideas and a new method for the quantitative study of meridian tropism.Method:The 9 Yang-tonifying herbs were selected as the training set, and 2 Yang-tonifying herbs were used as the verification set. The TCMSP2.3, PubChem, Uniprot and other database were used to collect the active compounds and targets of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). The core target proteins of Yang-tonifying herbs were obtained by using the Maximum Similarity Algorithm for TCM in the training set. The THPA database was used to collect expressions of tissues and target proteins. The empirical regression equation was constructed to explore the tissue distribution of the receptors in the training set, and the criterion for determining whether herbs distribute to kidney meridian was established. The criteria model was tested through validation set data.Result:The herb-active ingredient-protein receptor-tissue expression data library was constructed. A total of 39 core target proteins of Yang-tonifying herbs were acquired. The equations in the training set were highly consistent, with no statistical difference (P=0.999 7). The data of the combined training set was finally fitted to a judgment equation. The model was successfully tested with herbs in the validation set. The accuracy of the model was 100%.Conclusion:This study explored a new method for judging whether TCM distributes to kidney meridian, established an effective criterion model and verified the reliability of the new method. It provides a theoretical basis for the modernization of meridian tropism of traditional Chinese medicine, and is of great significance for the rapid development of traditional Chinese medicine.关键词：kidney meridian;Yang-tonifying herbs;maximum similarity algorithm;protein receptor;tissue expression
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Academic Discussion
- 摘要：Human microecosystem includes oral cavity, skin, urine and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal microecosystem is the most important and complex ecosystem. Intestinal microecology is composed of intestinal microflora and its habitat environment. It plays an important role in substance metabolism, nutrient absorption, mucosal barrier, immune regulation, and is closely related to physiological and pathological activities of the body. Human microbial community is composed of bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea, which have established a highly complex interaction network. Intestinal microbial biomass accounts for 78%of the total human microbial biomass, and there are about 400 to 500 kinds of intestinal bacteria. Normal intestinal flora is the natural barrier of human body, and plays an important role in maintaining human health. One of the most prominent characteristics of intestinal flora is stability. The flora is combined in a certain proportion, and all kinds of bacteria interact with and depend on each other to form an ecological balance in quality and quantity. Any change in the internal and external environment of the human body will affect the number and structure of intestinal flora. In particular, the long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics could inhite susceptible enterobacter, which would cause various intestinal diseases and parenteral diseases. Therefore, the maintenance of intestinal microecological balance is of great significance to human's resistance to infectious diseases caused by intestinal pathogens. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have found that intestinal microecology is closely related to digestive system diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, obesity and so on. With the increasing number of experimental and clinical studies on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and intestinal microecology, TCM has become a golden key to open the door of intestinal microecology. This paper systematically discussed the correlation between TCM and intestinal microecology in the aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, syndrome, experimental research and clinical treatment.关键词：traditional Chinese medicine (TCM);intestinal flora;microecology;TCM syndrome
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To summarize and evaluate the existing animal models of pharyngitis, in order to provide a theoretical basis for its treatment and research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for throat impediment.Method:Nearly 5 years of literatures were retrieved form databases of Chinese national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed and Pubmed, with throat impediment, pharyngitis, and animal model as medicine subject headings terms.Result:At present, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs and macaques are available as model animals. The main methods for reproduction of pharyngitis animal model were direct ammonia molding, ammonia and turpentine combined molding and bacterial injection molding. The rarely used methods, such as pyridine induction method, capsaicin induction method and sand dust induction method, have their own characteristics. The pharyngitis animal models with the combination of TCM syndrome include YIN-deficiency type and stagnation of liver-Qi with deficiency of spleen type. These models evaluation indexes were diverse, including apparent behavior, histopathology, biochemical indicator and hemorheology. The problems of these modeling methods included the differences in etiology and mechanism between the methods of modeling and the formation of clinical patients, the lack of molecular level of pathological mechanism elaboration, the non-uniform standard for concentration, frequency and cycle of drug administration during modeling, the subjectivity in judging partial evaluation indexes and the deficiency of the pharyngitis animal model with the combination of TCM syndrome.Conclusion:Firstly, the existing models needed to be further improved by such means as the exploration of the correlation or consistency between the molecular pathology mechanism and the clinical pathogenesis, and the concentration and frequency of uniform model administration and uniform standard for evaluation indexes. Secondly, the pharyngitis animal model with the combination of TCM syndrome and modern medicine disease was urgently needed to be explored, in order to facilitate the development of basic research in TCM.关键词：throat impediment;pharyngitis;animal model
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:Polygoni Multiflori Radix is the drought root of a perennial vine, Polygonum multiflorum, which is belong to Polygonaceae. According to Chinese Pharmacopeia (edition 2015), its preparations are divided into two types based on the processing: crude Polygoni Multiflori Radix, and processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praparata. This study aimed to explore the substantial bases, effect and the mechanisms of anthraquinones in Polygoni Multiflori Radix.Method:Based on the literatures retrieved in PubMed, CNKI and Chongqing VIP in past 15 years, the chemical composition, pharmacological effects and mechanisms of anthraquinones in Polygoni Multiflori were reviewed and summarized.Result:There were 20 anthraquinones in Polygoni Multiflori. Compared with other Polygonaceae plants, there were higher contents of emodin and physcion, both were qualification markers in Polygoni Multiflori. In terms of the anti-cancer effect, emodin, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside and rhein induced cancer cell apoptosis. Emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, physcion and rhein inhibited cancer cell cycles. Emodin, aloe-emodin, physcion and emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside blocked migration, invasion and metastasis. And emodin, chrysophanol and rhein blocked energy metabolism, and emodin reversed multidrug resistance in cancer.Conclusion:Polygoni Multiflori may play a potential anti-cancer value, and its underlying mechanisms and the interaction between components are worth of further studies.关键词：Polygoni Multiflori Radix;anthraquinones;anti-cancer;apoptosis;cell cycle;metastasis;energy metabolism
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Itching is an unpleasant sensation that can cause physical and psychological discomfort. It often occurs in a variety of diseases. In addition to the common chemical medicines, the application of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) have attracted much attention for itch. As one of the classic antipruritic formula, Xiaofengsan is widely used by the later generations of doctors based on the edition of Orthodox Manual of External Diseases(Wài Kē Zhèng Zōng). It can be used to remove wind, dehumidify, clear heat and nourish blood by taking into account the complicated pathogenesis of skin diseases. In modern clinics, Xiaofengsan is commonly used for the treatment of rubella, eczema, acute and chronic urticaria, contact dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, psoriasis and other types of dermatitis with remarkable antipruritic effect. Its mechanism is related to its anti-allergic reaction, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine, immune regulation etc. This article reviews the research literature of Xiaofengsan and its addition and subtraction in modern pharmacological experimental research and clinical treatment in the past 15 years, and analyzes the current research situation of Xiaofengsan in the topic of antipruritic effect. The focus is on the compatibility characteristics of formula and the component study of single herb after being decomposed of Xiaofengsan, and the main material basis of antipruritic effect is summarized. It was found that Schizonepetae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Arctii Fructus, Cicadae Periostracum and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix were the main medicines for its antipruritic effect, which was helpful to expand the clinical value of Xiaofengsan and deepen its mechanisms of anti-itching.关键词：Xiaofengsan;antipruritic effect;experimental research;clinical application;prescription rule;material basis;Orthodox Manual of External Diseases
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：The research literature of Laportea bulbifera was summarized and analyzed, and its distribution of literature, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, quality control, clinical application and patent approval were summarized, this study can provide reference for the follow-up clinical application and development and utilization of the herb. Taking CNKI and PubMed database as the retrieval platform, keywords and full text as the search items, the Honghema, Honghuoma, Zhuya Aima, Laportea bulbifera (Siebold & Zuccarini) Weddell. and Laportea bulbifera as the search terms, the domestic and foreign paper reports and patent approvals of L. bulbifera from 1989 to 2018 were retrieved. A total of 41 papers and 63 patents were reviewed, the contents of these papers were pharmacological activity, chemical composition and quality control research, the majority of patents were compound. At present, 73 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from L. bulbifera, and most of them were flavonoids. Flavonoids, catechins and coumarins were selected as the quality control indexes, and most of the pharmacological activities were anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-rheumatism. L. bulbifera is highly competitive in the market because of its remarkable pharmacological activities, however, its quality control level in local standard is low and testing items are incomplete. The determination reported in the literature lacks specific indexes to evaluate the quality of L. bulbifera, at the same time, it is necessary to further study its anti-inflammatory mechanism, explore its quality markers and establish the spectrum-effect relationship, so as to effectively control the quality of L. bulbifera and provide documentation for its comprehensive utilization and resource development.关键词：Laportea bulbifera; chemical composition;pharmacological activity;quality control;clinical application;patent application;quality markers
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：In commonly used oral solid preparations, poor mouthfeel results in poor patient compliance with the drug, which in turn reduces the market competitiveness of the drug. The problem of taste masking of pharmaceutical preparations has always been one of the important problems faced by pharmaceutics. With the increasing demand for the taste of drugs, the methods of masking bad taste of drugs have gradually increased in recent years. By summarizing the relevant literature covering the bad taste of drugs, the commonly used taste masking techniques include the addition of taste masking agents, inclusion techniques, microsphere/microcapsule technology, solid dispersion technology, ion exchange technology and the like. However, in addition to the above taste masking techniques, in the manufacturing process of the solid preparation, the granulation technique also can achieve the shielding of the bad taste of the medicine, and the granulation technique is simple, and can well achieve the effect of masking the bad taste of the medicine. This paper systematically introduces the research progress of granulation technology in drug taste masking, in order to provide reference for the selection of drug taste masking technology. With the increasing demand for drug taste, drug masking technology has been paid more and more attention by the majority of preparation workers, however, there are still some problems, such as imperfect taste evaluation system and low specificity of methods. This series of problems need to be further studied and solved by relevant pharmaceutical researchers.关键词：taste masking technique;high speed shear granulation;melt granulation;steam granulation;fluidized bed granulation;dry granulation;oral preparation
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Gout is caused by the nucleation and growth of monosodium rate crystals in tissues and around joints, which is followed by long-standing hyperuricemia and serum urate of above the saturation threshold. It could cause a series of complications, such as cardiovascular, hypertension, and renal complications. Over the past two decades, the incidences of hyperuricemia and gout have been increasing due to the continuous improvement of living standards and the changes in dietary structure. The prime and most important therapy for hyperuricemia and gout is to reduce serum uric acid levels, but the western medicine for reducing uric acid in clinical application has serious toxic and side effects. With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the application and development of different screening methods for effective ingredients with a low toxicity and side effects from Chinese herbal medicines for reducing serum uric acid levels has attracted much attention in the research and development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. In this study, the screening methods for extracts, fractions, active monomer components and other effective substances were reviewed and analyzed. According to the findings, the screening methods had a considerable progress both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that the in vivo methods were mainly applied for studying the urate lowing effect and mechanisms of herbal extracts, while the studies for xanthine oxidase(XOD) inhibitors mainly depended on the in vitro methods. Molecular docking homology modeling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry have become a new trend for screening effective substances with XOD inhibitory activities and uric acid excretion activities, while cell model will open up a new way for screening effective substances for uric acid excretion. The review provides certain reference for effective components screening of hyperuricemia and gout.关键词：gout;reducing uric acid;Chinese herbal medicine;effective substance;screening method
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发布时间：2021-02-09
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