最新刊期
卷 23 ， 期 14 ， 2017
- 摘要：Objective: To identify the chemical constituents of Zhizi Jinhua Wan(ZZJHW) by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) for quality control of commercial preparations. Method: The assay was performed on a ACQUITY BEH C18 column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm)using a gradient elution program with mixtures of acetonitrile and low concentration of formic acid aqueous solution as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was developed for rapid and high-throughput screening of the preliminary chemical profile of ZZJHW in both positive and negative ion modes,the main peaks were confirmed basically according to MS2 fragment ions combined with the relevant literature. Result: Based on the retention time,fragmentation patterns and literature reports,a total of 65 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized in ZZJHW, including 9 iridoids,8 organic acids,6 anthraquinones,20 flavonoids,4 steroidal saponins,et al. Conclusion: This work provides a good example for simultaneous analysis of different types of chemical constituents which may be helpful for the quality control and further phytochemical studies of ZZJHW.关键词：Zhizi Jinhua Wan;iridoids;flavonoids;anthraquinones;alkaloids;organic acids;steroidal saponins;tannins
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To optimize preparation technology of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma flavonoids microsponges and investigate its in vitro release. Method: Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma flavonoids microsponges were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method,taking yield of microsponges,encapsulation efficiency and dispersion coefficient as indexes,central composite design-response surface methodology was adopted to investigate effect of dosage of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),ratio of drug and ethyl-cellulose,stirring speed on preparation procedure of the microsponges.Encapsulation efficiency of the microsponges was determined by UV spectrophotometry.The content of six major ingredients in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma flavonoids were investigated simultaneously by HPLC,detection wavelength was 300 nm,mobile phase was acetonitrile-methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution for gradient elution.Difference of in vitro release between Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma flavonoids and the microsponges was compared by dialysis method. Result: Optimum preparation technology of the microsponges were as follows: PVA amount of 2.69%,drug-ethyl-cellulose(6:1),stirring speed of 1 100 r·min-1,stirring time of 4 h.Within 8 h,cumulative release rates of liquiritin,isoliquiritin,liquiritigenin,isoliquiritigenin,licochalcone A and glabridin in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma flavonoids were 87.47%,86.83%,76.98%,78.48%,86.58% and 56.58%;within 24 h,cumulative release rates of these components were 91.45%,89.74%,77.57%,82.64%,87.74% and 67.74%,respectively. Conclusion: Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma flavonoids microsponges are homogeneous with an obvious sustained release property,and the optimum preparation technology is stable and simple.关键词：Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma;total flavonoids;microsponges;liquiritin;licochalcone A;sustained release;in vitro release
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：For assessing the global production and ecological adaptation of Paridis Rhizoma and providing the scientific basis for its production,geographic information system for global medicinal plants (GMPGIS) was used to predict the ecological suitability areas of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. polyphylla var. chinensis.Seven conditions,including annual mean temperature,annual precipitation,annual mean radiation,annual mean relative humidity and soil type of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. polyphylla var. chinensis were selected.The candidates regions covered both traditional and current major producing regions.The result showed that the suitable area for P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. polyphylla var. chinensis growth mainly involved 19 countries,such as China,Brazil,the United States and so on.The ecological suitability regions of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. polyphylla var. chinensis in China mainly distributed in Yunnan,Sichuan,Guangxi and other 13 provinces.The result demonstrated that GMPGIS was a scientific and valuable tool for the ecological suitability analysis of medicinal plants.This analysis also provides a scientific basis for cultivation and protection of Paridis Rhizoma.关键词：Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis;P. polyphylla var. chinensis;origin suitability;ecological factors;geographic information system for global medicinal plants
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: Due to domestic of dandelion medicinal materials and blending less falsify the micro morphological study of the fruit,the author makes a micro-macroscopically distinction research on several kinds of Taraxacum mongolicum herbs and adulterants fruits often seen on the market at present. Method: Collect specimens the fruits of T.mongolicum,T.sinicum,T.ohwianum and Youngia japonica,Sonchus oleraceus,Ixeris deblilis were identified by the method of microscope character identification. Result: Verruculose on the surface of T.mongolicum, T.sinicum, T.ohwianum fruits,small protuberance on the surface of Y.japonica,S. oleraceus,I. deblilis of fruits,without verruculose.T.mongolicum,T.sinicum,T.ohwianum and I. debilis have beak base,but the Y. japonica, S. oleraceus fruit beakless base.There are dark brown hairs on its beak of T. msinicum fruit,T.mongolicum,T.ohwianum and I. debilis does not have painstakingly;T.mongolicum pappus crested side is sparse and longer, T.sinicum is sparse and short; T.ohwianum is dense and longer relatively.Y. japonica dense crown burr synthesis, apex acute,S. oleraceus no obvious lateral branch and a protrusion short and obtuse,I. debilisis obvious pricked protrusions, short and densely populated. Conclusion: The microscope characteristics of 3 kinds of taraxacum fruits and 3 kinds of adulterants of fruits can be used as the identification characteristics,andprovide reference for the daily inspection of the taraxaciherba.Hope to providecertain assistance to ensure its quality,to provide a reference for the whole plant traditional medicine distinction and to lay the foundation for clinical drug safety.关键词：Taraxaci Herba;adulterant;microscope character identification;fruits
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To investigate the differences in physical and chemical characteristics among germplasm resources of Gardenia jasminoides, in order to provide theoretical support for directional breeding and breeding of new varieties. Method: Main agronomic states of cultivated Gardeniae Fructus collected from 24 sources were determined. Content of geniposide, crocin Ⅰ and crocin Ⅱ in Gardeniae Fructus of different origins were determined using UPLC. Interrelationships between germplasm resources and quality were investigated by descriptive statistics, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Result: There was no significant difference in root length, leaf shape index, the number of leaves and diameter of G. jasminoides among 24 germplasm resources. The quality of six medicines, namely Jiangxi 1, Jiangxi 2, Jiangxi 4, Zhejiang 1, Zhejiang 3, Zhejiang 4, did not reach the standards set forth in the Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015). The 11 quality indexes were investigated by principal component analysis. The first four components representing 85.14% of the total variability on the basis of the total variance explained and the screen plot of principal component analysis. The first principal component was related to leaf length and leaf width, which were the seedling leaf shape factor. The second principal component was related to geniposide, crocin Ⅰ, crocin Ⅱ and crocins, which were the herbs' intrinsic quality factor. The third principal component was related to fresh seedling weight and dry seedling weight, which were the seedling weight factor. The fourth principal component was related to seedling height, ratio of seedling height and root length, and leaf opening degree, which were the seedling form factor. PCA visually displayed the sequence of quality of Gardeniae Fructus HCA classified the 24 Gardeniae Fructus of different germplasm resources into three main categories on the basis of the measurement parameters, which was consistent with the results of PCA. Conclusion: This study shows that Sichuan 1, 3, 4, and Jiangxi 7 species of Gardeniae Fructus has a quality, and can be included in directional breeding and breeding of new varieties.关键词：Gardeniae Fructus;seeding;UPLC;germplasm resource;geniposide;crocin;principal component analysis;cluster analysis
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To establish the ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprint of Evodiae Fructus, and provide a comprehensive evaluation for their quality from different species and regions. Method: The UPLC method was performed on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm), with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 300 and 215 nm,the column temperature was set at 35 ℃. Similarity evaluation, hierarchical clustering analysis and partial least squares-discriminate analysis were applied to evaluate the fingerprints of 37 batches of Evodiae Fructus. Result: The UPLC fingerprint and common mode were established with 34 common peaks,and 17 of them were identified based on the reference substances. The similarities of 37 samples were 0.703-0.973.And fingerprint profiles of various samples from different regions were basically similar,but the relative contents of components varied greatly. Based on the results of hierarchical clustering analysis and partial least squares-discriminate analysis,the relative contents of components were almost unrelated to the species and regions, but related to 1 000 grain-weight of the fruits to a certain extent. Rutaecarpine, evodiamine,neochlorogenic acid,chlorogenic acid,evocarpine and limonin turned out to be the top 6 differential compounds. Conclusion: This simple and rapid method could be effectively used for the comprehensive quality evaluation of Evodiae Fructus. It is the most important to confirm that near mature collection time is the key to guarantee the quality of crude drug of Evodiae Fructus.关键词：Evodiae Fructus;UPLC fingerprint;multiple botanical origins;1 000 grain-weight
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Rheum officinale and get knowledge of the chemical constituents in these parts to evaluate its potential in sustainable utilization. Method: The 5 kg aerial parts of the dry R. officinale were extracted sequentially with 95%ethanol and 75%ethanol, then the solvent was decompressed and recovered to no alcohol flavor, and extracted with petroleum ether (PE) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) respectively to yield ethyl acetate and water soluble fractions. The two parts were subjected to various column chromatography methods for isolation and purification respectively. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on their physical and chemical properties, as well as 1H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, 2D-NMR, MS and other spectroscopic methods. Result: Sixteen compounds were isolated from R. officinale, and were identified as 4-methyl-6,8-dihydroxy-7H-benz[de]anthracen-7-one (1), questin (2), emodin bianthrones B (3), emodin bianthrones A (4), emodin-8-O-β-D-(6'-O-acetyl) glucoside (5), physcion-8-O-β-D-(6'-O-acetyl)glucoside (6), pinobaksin (7), rumexneposides B (8), fallacinol (9), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), 2"-O-galloylvitexin (12), quercetin-3-O-robinobioside (13), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (14), 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (15), and kaempferol-3-O-[6"-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl) glucoside] (16), including six anthraquinones, seven flavonoids, one indole and two phemolic compounds. Conclusion: Compounds 1-16 were isolated from the genus Rheum for the first time. The conducted study showed that the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of R. officinale were quite similar with those from the roots and rhizomes of traditional medicinal parts, mainly including anthraquinones, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, etc. Overall, the results described in this study could provide certain chemical basis for further resources exploitation and utilization of the aerial parts of R. Officinale.关键词：Rheum officinale;aerial parts;anthraquinones;flavonoids
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To establish a high performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (HPCE-LIF) detection method for simultaneous determination of cadmium and copper contents, and apply this proposed HPCE-LIF method for the detection of heavy metal in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma. Method: After the complexation of Cu2+ and Cd2+ with fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I-Aminobenzyl ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (FITC-ABEDTA), with a fused silica capillary (75 μm×60.2 cm, effective length of 50 cm) as the separation channel, the carrier buffer was composed of 0.1 mol·L-1 boric acid-0.1 mol·L-1 SDS (38.5:61.5) with pH adjusted to 9.3.The applied voltage was 25 kV and the capillary temperature was 25 ℃. The detection wavelength was at 520 nm, and the samples were injected into the capillary at a pressure for 5 s. Result: Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions were well separated, and good linearity was found in the range of 1-150, 2-200 μg·L-1 for Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions. The RSD of precision was both less than 2.0%; RSD of repeatability was both less than 3.7%, and the average recovery was 100.33% for Cd2+ with RSD of 2.8% and 103.30% for Cu2+ with RSD of 2.5%. Conclusion: Capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence could be used to detect certain heavy metals in Chinese traditional medicine Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and this method could make up for the shortcomings of low content of heavy metal ions and the difficulty in separation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and provide a new, convenient, fast and accurate method for detecting heavy metal ions of Chinese medicinal materials. It is believed that after continuous exploration and improvement research, HPCE-LIF can be used to detect more heavy metal ions in traditional Chinese medicine simultaneously.关键词：CE-LIF;FITC-ABEDTA;heavy metals;Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma;Cu2+;Cd2+
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To establish a high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of eight nucleosides in Scolopendra. Method: Hedera ODS-2 C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used for determination of eight nucleosides. The analyses were eluted with methanol and water in a gradient mode. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1, and the column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The eight nucleosides were monitored and quantified at a wavelength of 254 nm, and the injection volume was 5 μL. Result: The investigated compounds, including cytosine, cytidine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, uridine, thymine, 2'-deoxyinosine and thymidine, in the samples were well separated. The eight nucleosides showed a good linearity at a certain concentration (r>0.999 9), and the mean recoveries of the eight nucleosides ranged from 95.73% to 102.6%. The contents of nucleosides in Scolopendra from different varieties varied significantly. The highest of content of the eight nucleosides was in Scolopendra mojiangica, and the second was in S. multidens. The content of the eight nucleosides in S. subspinipes mutilans and S. negrocapitis were close. The contents of hypoxanthine and xanthine in centipedes were significantly higher than those in other nucleosides, and the content of hypoxanthine in S. subspinipes mutilans was higher than that in other varieties. Conclusion: This high performance liquid chromatography method and quantitative analysis is simple, rapid, accurate and highly reproduced for simultaneous determination of eight nucleosides in Scolopendra, and helpful for its quality control.关键词：Scolopendra;different varieties;nucleoside;quantitative assay;high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To analyze the chemical differences of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizome from Vietnam and China, identify discrimination markers, and establish the method of identifying the origins of samples. Method: Samples were collected from Vietnam (7 batches) and China (28 batches). The chromatography fingerprints of the above samples were established, and the differences between the two kinds of samples were compared according to the similarity evaluation results. At the same time, the main chromatographic peaks were identified by HPLC-MS, and 21 peaks were identified. Cluster analysis was used to identify the origin of the samples. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to determine the discrimination markers between samples collected from Vietnam and China, and the points with VIP > 1 at the ends of S-plot were selected as potential markers. Result: Differences in main chemical compounds were found between the samples from Vietnam and China. Thirty-five samples were divided into Vietnam group and China group. Astilbin, isoastilbin, neoastilbin and engeletin were determined to be the discrimination markers, and their contents in samples of Vietnam were obviously higher than those in samples of China. Conclusion: Fingerprint coupled with OPLS-DA can be used to analyze the chemical similarity and differences between samples from Vietnam and China. The results provided data not only for the quality evaluation of samples from Vietnam, but also for the answer on whether samples from Vietnam can be used as medicine.关键词：Smilacis Glabrae Rhizome;fingerprint;OPLS-DA;discrimination markers
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To develop a certified reference material (CRM) of stachyose according to Directives for the Work of CRM (3) Reference Materials: General and Statistical Principle for Certification (GB/T 15000.3-2008). Method: Stachyose was prepared by extraction, fermentation, separation and purification with the dried rhizome of Stachys floridana as the raw materials. The structure of stachyose was confirmed by element analysis, UV, IR, HR-MS, NMR and X-single crystal diffraction. The samples of stachyose were divided into 400 bottles with 10 mg/bottle. Then the homogeneity test, stability test and quantitative analysis were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detector. Result: The samples showed good homogeneity at 95% confidence interval and good stability within 24 months; the certified purity value was 99.62% with an expanded uncertainty of 0.13%. The samples were checked and accepted by Standardization Administration of China, and were consistent with the technical requirement of a series of GB/T 15000.3 guides about CRM. Conclusion: The national CRM of stachyose was developed for the first time, and this CRM was intended for use in the content determination, method validation as well as testing and quality control of stachyose.关键词：stachyose;certified reference material;homogeneity;stability;certification;uncertainty
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To study the active chemical constituents of Siegesbeckia glabrescens, and find the target compounds with the function of inhibiting programmed cell necrosis. Method: The ethyl acetate extract fractions were isolated and purified by normal phase silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane-methanol, 20:1-0:1), reverse phase ODS column chromatography (30%-100% methanol solution), Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and recrystallization; and their structures were determined according to physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Result: Nine flavonoids were isolated and identified as 3,4-dimethoxy-2', 4'-dihydroxy chalcone (1), 7-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-galactin (2), 7,3',4'-trihydroxy flavone (3), 5,6,7,3',4',5'-hexamethoxyflavone (4), 8,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxy flavanoe (5), 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxy flavanoe (6), 7,4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavanone (7), luteolin (8), and quercetin (9). Conclusion: Compounds 1-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time.关键词：Siegesbeckia glabrescens;flavonoids;chemical compounds
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Yao medicine Pileostegia tomentella, and promote its further development and utilization. Method: Solvent extraction method, silica column chromatography and recrystallization method were used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents of 95% ethanol extract from this plant. The structures of the obtained compounds were identified by infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and other modern spectroscopic methods. Result: From the data of spectral analysis, nine compounds were obtained and identified as: n-tetracosanoic acid (1), taraxerol (2), β-sitosterol (3), 3β-acetoxy ursolic acid (4), stigmastane-3, 6-dione (5), 7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumarin (6), skimmin (7), 7-hydroxycoumarin (8), and protocatechoic acid (9).Among them, compounds (6), (7) and (8) were coumarins. Conclusion: Compounds 1-9 were isolated from this plant for the first time. It showed that coumarins were widely contained in this plant.关键词：Yao medicine;Pileostegia tomentella;chemical constituents;isolate;structures
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Hoyalyi Levl, isolate and identify its components. Method: Hoyalyi Levl was extracted with 90% ethanol reflux, and Hoyalyi Levl concrete was obtained after low pressure concentration. The above concrete was dissolved with water by ultrasonic method, and then extracted in turn with petroleum ether, dichloromethane and n-butyl alcohol. The n-butanol extract was used for silica gel chromatography column, with petroleum ether-acetone- methanol (80:20:0-0:20:8 0) as the mobile phase for gradient elution, and then was purified with silica gel column and Sephadex LH-20 after crystallization, recrystallization and centrifugal separation. The dichloromethane extract was eluted with petroleum ether-acetone-methanol (50:50:0) gradient elution system, and then their same components were merged; the constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic techniques. ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR were used to identify the structure of the isolated constituents. Result: Seven compounds were isolated from n-butyl alcohol fraction and 8 compounds were isolated from dichloromethane fraction, and their chemical structures were identified as p-hydroxyben-zaldehyde (1), syringic acid (2), benzoic acid (3), tramcinnamic acid (4), paeonol (5), quercetin (6), esculetin(7), femlie acid (8), p-hydroxybenzal acid (9), 2,3-dihydroxy-benzoic acid (10), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (11); oleanolic acid(12); hyperoside (13),gallic acid(14) and β-sitosterol (15). Conclusion: All the compounds are isolated and identified from the Hoyalyi Levl for the first time.关键词：Hoyalyi Levl;chemical constituents;p-hydroxyben-zaldehyde;syringic acid;quercetin;structure identification
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: Metabonomics was utilized to explore the effect of Epimedii Folium water extract(EWE) on the endogenous metabolism in the urine of normal rats,and to search for related metabolic pathways and potential targets to explore whether the differences of the biomarker's expression will affect the different functions of human systems along with the circular distribution of body fliuds,and then produce the potential intervention. Method: Rats have been randomly divided into the blank and EWE groups (10 rats per group) and been gavaged the same amount of physiological saline and EWE (87.3 mg·kg-1) for 20 days,respectively.The urine was gathered on the 21th days for analysis by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Result: Ten potential biomarkers and six major metabolic pathways were identified,and it found that EWE could protect the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems via elevating the expression of N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine and N-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butane-diamine.However,the EWE manifested adverse prevention from tumorous and neurological diseases through reduced expression of N-(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine and β-tyrosine. Conclusion: EWE has a significantly protective effect on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of normal rats;however,the potency and toxicity may coexist for the tumorous and neurological diseases.Its mechanisms are related to the metabolic pathway of amine oxide,tyrosine,sphingolipid and so on.关键词：Epimedii Folium;water extract;metabonomics;biomarkers;target intervention;sphingomyelin
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To explore the biological basis of constipated mouse cured by optimal prescription of Da Chengqitang with differential proteomics. Method: Mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group and optimal prescription of Da Chengqitang group.Mice in the model group and optimal prescription of Da Chengqitang group were delivered compound diphenoxylate suspension with 50 mg·kg-1 to develop constipation model.While the normal mice were delivered the same volume of normal saline.Then,mice in optimal prescription of Da Chengqitang group were delivered with decoction at the dose of 31 g·kg-1,other mice were delivered the same volume of normal saline.When finishing the experiment,proteins of large intestine were extracted,digested and detected by NanoLC-LTQ-Orbitrap system.The data was imported into Protein Discovery software to identify the proteins and all the raw data was analyzed by Sieve v2.1 software. Result: Compared with the model group,77 significant difference proteins were found in optimal prescription of Da Chengqitang group,which the variation trend was consistent with the normal group.Literature retrieval and analysis showed that the biological functions of differential proteins focused on sugar and lipid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle,biological oxidation and energy metabolism to provide energy for large intestine peristalsis and fortify contraction function of the intestinal smooth muscle. Conclusion: The above target proteins and their regulation pathways may be the biological basis of constipated mice cured by optimal prescription of Da Chengqitang.关键词：differential proteomics;Da Chengqitang;constipation;biological basis;compound diphenoxylate;tricarboxylic acid cycle
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To investigate the effect of astragaloside Ⅳ on improving the cardiac function of the rats with complex harmful fluid retention. Method: Subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (ISO) in the scapularis region and tracheal intubation were used to establish the rat models of harmful fluid retention in upper warmer. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into model group, astragalaside Ⅳ low, middle and high-dose groups, positive control group (Qili Qiangxin capsules) and normal group, n=10 in each group. The rats in the astragalaside Ⅳ groups were treated with astragalaside Ⅳ at doses of 20, 40, 80 mg·kg-1·d-1 as low, middle and high dose groups respectively; the rats in model group and positive control group were treated with 0.5% CMC-Na solution and Qiliqiangxin capsule (1 g·kg-1·d-1) with equal volume. After treatment for 2 weeks, the degree of myocardial hypertrophy was observed by the body weight (BW), heart weight index (HWI) and left ventricular weight index (LVWI); hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and collagen volume fraction (CVF) were used to observe the changes of cardiac pathology; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were measured by echocardiography; and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of plasma creatine kinase (CK). Result: As compared with the normal group, the level of BW was significantly lower (P<0.01); HWI and LVWI were significantly higher (P<0.01), with more obvious myocardial hypertrophy; LVEF and LVFS were significantly reduced (P<0.01); and myocardial CVF and plasma CK was significantly increased (P<0.05,P<0.01) in model group, with more obvious myocardial pathological injury. After treatment, the level of BW was significantly higher ( P<0.05) and the HWI, LVWI were decreased in the astragalaside Ⅳ 40, 80 mg·kg-1·d-1 dose groups as compared with the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). This can effectively alleviate myocardial hypertrophy. Moreover, the high-dose and middle-dose astragalaside Ⅳ groups significantly increased LVEF and LVFS to improve cardiac function, reduced CK, CVF(P<0.05), and relieved myocardial pathological damages. Conclusion: Astragalaside Ⅳ can protect the heart by inhibiting the myocardial fibrosis, reducing left ventricular thickness and improving hemodynamics in the rat models of harmful fluid retention in upper warmer.关键词：astragaloside Ⅳ;harmful fluid retention in upper warmer;complex foctors;cardiac protective effect
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To establish stable and reliable rat models of hepatic cirrhosis with syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency, closely related to clinical disease and suitable for Chinese medicine active discovery and efficacy evaluation. Method: The 70 rats were randomly assigned to normal control group; model group I (79.5% simple corn flour plus 20% lard, high fat and low protein feed composed of 0.5% cholesterol; 30% alcohol compound factors for four weeks of modeling), silybin meglumine tablets group I; modified model group II (79.5% simple corn flour plus 20% lard, high fat and low protein feed composed of 0.5% cholesterol; 10% alcohol gavage for 1 week, and 5% alcohol gavage for 3 weeks for modeling), silybin meglumine tablets group II； modified model group Ⅲ (89.5% simple corn flour plus 10% lard, high fat and low protein feed composed of 0.5% cholesterol; 10% alcohol gavage for 1 week, and 5% alcohol gavage for 3 weeks for modeling), and silybin meglumine slice group Ⅲ according to their body weight, n=10 in each group. The rats in Silibin meglumine tablets group I, group II and group Ⅲ received the treatment of silibin meglumine tablets at the dose of 0.108 g·kg-1 by gavage administration. During the experimental period, rats in all the other groups except the normal control group received unexpected emotional stimuli. Their general state was observed daily in every group; the clinical syndrome of liver cirrhosis (liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome) was simulated; the syndrome performance suitable for the rats were analyzed and put forward; and the scores were given according to the standard every day. In addition, the body weight of the rats, daily food intake and daily water intake were recorded. The contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen Ⅲ (PC Ⅲ), type collagenase IV (IV-C), adenosine deaminase(ADA), monoamine oxidase(MAO) and A/G in serum were detected in eyeball blood at the end of experiment; and histopathological changes of the liver tissues were observed with htoxylin-easin(HE) staining. Result: No rats died in the normal group, and the nutrition status was good. Water intake and food intake were decreased in model group, with slow weight gain, rough hair, apathetic, and toenail bleeding in individual mice. Four mice died in model group I; three mice died in model group II, and no death in model group Ⅲ. As compared with the normal group, the serum ALT, AST, HA, PC-Ⅲ, IV-C, ADA and MAO levels were significantly higher; A/G was significantly lower; and visceral brain ratio and syndrome scores were increased significantly in model group (P<0.01). As compared with the model group I, serum ALT, AST, HA, PC-Ⅲ, IV-C, ADA and MAO levels were significantly lower; A/G was significantly higher; and visceral brain ratio and syndrome scores were decreased significantly in various treatment groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). The morphological examination of the liver tissues showed false lobule formation in model group, with typical periportal lesions, but the lesions showed different degrees of improvement in the positive drug group. Conclusion: The modified cirrhosis rat models with a low mortality can be induced in a short time and animal status was similar to clinical syndrome performance of patients. Therefore, the rat models were suitable for the activity discovery, efficacy evaluation and mechanism investigation for cirrhosis, and also can be used in the research of correlation between the prescription and syndrome.关键词：modified high fat;hepatic cirrhosis;Silybin meglumine Tablets;alcohol and mood;liver stagnation and spleen deficiency
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To investigate the effects of main Epimedii Folium flavonoids (epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin and icarisid Ⅰ) on promoting BMSCs proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts and to predict the mechanism of them. Method: BMSCs in SD rats were isolated and purified by whole bone marrow adherence method for primary culture. The experiment was divided into 6 groups: epimedin A+ osteogenic medium (1×10-8 mol·L-1), epimedin B+ osteogenic medium (1×10-8 mol·L-1), epimedin C+ osteogenic medium (1×10-8 mol·L-1), icariin + osteogenic medium (1×10-8 mol·L-1), icariside group + osteogenic medium (blank group). After drug intervention for 14 days, qualitative and quantitative methods were combined for pharmacodynamic evaluation,of the above 5 kinds of Epimedii Folium flavonoids by alizarin red staining, cytoskeleton staining and alkaline phosphatase assay. Meanwhile, the potential targets and pathways were predicted and analyzed based on BATMAN-TCM network pharmacology research platform to investigate the action mechanisms. Result: BMSCs were treated with 1×10-8 mol·L-1 drugs for 14 d, and polygonal osteoblasts were increased in various groups by cytoskeleton staining; in alizarin red staining, a large number of mineralized nodules were formed in various treatment groups; in Alkaline phosphatase assay, the content of alkaline phosphatase was increased in various treatment groups as compared with the blank group, particularly, the groups of epimedin C(P<0.05), icariin (P<0.05), and icarisid Ⅰ(P<0.01) showed significant changes. As for network pharmacology analysis, 33 potential targets and 8 pathways about proliferation and differentiation were obtained. Among them, activation of MAPK activity and estrogen signaling pathway had been verified by the relative experimental reports. Conclusion: All of the above 5 kinds of Epimedii Folium flavonoids could promote BMSCs proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts. especially, epimedin C, icariin, and icarisid Ⅰ had significant effects. The results of network pharmacology analysis interpreted the overall mechanism of the Epimedii Folium flavonoids, providing a reference for further research.关键词：Epimedii Folium;Epimedii Folium flavonoids;bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells;osteoblasts;molecular mechanisms;network pharmacology
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To discuss the influence of Guiqi Yiyuangao on the genetic expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome-C(Cyt-C) in lung and kidney of rats damaged by heavy ion radiation induced bystander effect. Method: The Wistar male rats were randomly divided seven groups, the group of Chinese medicine in advance was given Guiqi Yiyuangao by gavage for two weeks. Later the right lung of the rats of the radiation group and the group of Chinese medicine was radiated by 12C6+ ion once. At 6, 12, 24 h after radiation all groups of rats were executed. The amounts of protein and mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Cyt-C in right lung, left lung and left kidney were examined with Western blot, immunohistochemistry and Real-time PCR. Result: Compared with the normal control group, the amount of mRNA expression of Bax and Cyt-C in the right lung, left lung and left kidney of the radiation group obviously increases at 6,12,24 h after radiation. While the amount of protein expression of Bax and Cyt-C of the radiation group obviously increases at 24 h after radiation. There is statistically significant difference(P<0.01). The amount of protein and mRNA expression of Bcl-2 in the right lung of the radiation group obviously weakens at 24 h after radiation. But in the left lung and left kidney of the radiation group it obviously weakens at 6, 12, and 24 h after radiation. There is statistically significant difference(P<0.01). Compared with the radiation group, the mRNA expression of Bax and Cyt-C of the Chinese medicine groups obviously down-regulates at 6,12,24 h after radiation. While the protein expression of the Chinese medicine group obviously down-regulates at 24 h after radiation. There is statistically significant difference(P<0.01). Compared with the radiation group, the expression of mRNA and protein of Bcl-2 in the right lung of the Chinese medicine group obviously up-regulates at 24 h after radiation. Compared with the radiation group, the expression of mRNA and protein of Bcl-2 in the left lung and left kidney of the Chinese medicine group obviously up-regulates at 6,12,24 h after radiation. There is statistically significant difference(P<0.01). Conclusion: It indicates that there are abnormal expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 and Cyt-C of lung and kidney in rats damaged by heavy ion radiation induced bystander effect. By delaying the down-regulation of the expression of Bcl-2, controlling the up-regulation of the expression of Bax and Cyt-C, Guiqi Yiyuangao can prevent the lung and kidney cell apoptosis and defend the damage caused by heavy ion radiation induced bystander effect in vivo.关键词：radiation induced bystander effect;heavy ion;Guiqi Yiyuangao;cytochrome-C
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To discuss the effect of Buqing granules-medicated sera on the human lens epithelial cells induced by high glucose. Method: Human lens epithelial (HLE) cell lines were cultured in vitro. HLE cells of blank control group were cultured in the normal nutrient solution for 48 h. In addition to that, model group was also added with 30.0 mmol·L-1 glucose for 48 h. In addition to that, treatment group was also added with different medicated sera and cultured for 48 h. The cell's activity of proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay. Protein expressions of Pink-1, Parkin, p62 were detected by Western blot. Result: According to CCK-8 assay, model group showed a higher HLE cells proliferation activity than the blank group (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the cell's activity of proliferation of Qiju group and high, middle and low-dose Buqing granules groups were lower (P<0.01). Compared with Qiju group, the cell's activity of proliferation of middle-dose Buqing granules group was obviously decreased (P<0.01). Among different Buqing granules groups, the cell's activity of proliferation of middle-dose Buqing Granules group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). According to immunofluorescence staining, Pink-1, Parkin, p62 proteins were expressed mainly in cell cytoplasm and rarely in nuclei. According to Western blot, compared with blank group, protein expression levels of Pink-1, Parkin of model group were increased (P<0.01), and p62 expression was decreased (P<0.01). Compared with model group, protein expression levels of Pink-1, Parkin of Qiju group and middle-dose Buqing granules group were increased(P<0.01), and p62 expression was decreased (P<0.01). Compared with Qiju group, protein expression levels of Pink-1, Parkin of middle-dose Buqing granules group were increased (P<0.01), and p62 expression was decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: Buqing granules have a significant effect on protein expressions related to mitochondrial autophagy of HLE cells induced by high glucose. The change in mitochondrial autophagy may be one of the mechanisms of Buqing Granules in alleviating cataract.关键词：Buqing granules;lens epithelial cells;high glucose;Pink-1/Parkin signaling pathways;mitochondrial autophagy
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To study on establishing the model of deficient heat syndrome due to insufficiency of Yin fluid in rats by Chinese medicinal herbs with heat property. Method: Different doses of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata,Zingiberis Rhizoma and Cinnamomi Cortex were administered intragastrically to rats.Rats' ordinary situation was observed,included active state,hair luster,claw color,urine and stool.Rectal temperature,food intake,water intake,urine output and fecal amount were recorded at the same time in every day,the changes of triiodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine(T4) in serum,cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP) in plasma and indexes of relevant organs were detected when body fluid consumption appeared obvious difference. Result: The water intake and body fluid consumption of model groups were mostly increased by comparing with those of the control group,rats showed manifestations of heat syndrome due to insufficiency of Yin fluid.T4 in serum showed a increasing trend,but T3/T4 levels showed the trend of decline.Compared with the control group,most of cAMP and cGMP in the low and middle dose of model groups increased significantly,while the high dose of model group decreased. Conclusion: Deficient heat syndrome model can be established by administering Chinese medicinal herbs with heat property,increasing of body fluid consumption has some guiding significance for replication of deficient heat syndrome model.关键词：deficient heat syndrome;body fluid consumption;cyclic adenosine monophosphate;cyclic guanosine monophosphate;cyclic nucleotides;triiodothyronine;thyroxine
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To observe the effects of Extracts from Polygonati Rhizoma and Pheretima (EPP) on the number of α3 and α7-nicotinic acid type acetylcholine receptors(nAChR) neurons, the expression of proteins and mRNA in brains of senile dementia rats. Method: The 40 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, piracetam (positive control drug, 0.6 g·kg-1·d-1) group, and EPP (equivalent raw drug dose, 4 g·kg-1·d-1) group. The senile dementia models were established by nuchal subcutaneous injection of 1% D-galactose (5 mL·kg-1·d-1, 3 consecutive weeks) and intraperitoneal injection of Scopolamine (2 mg·kg-1·d-1, 2 consecutive weeks) in rats. 1 week after modeling, the rats in piracetam group and EPP group received corresponding drugs daily by intragastric administration, and the rats in control group and model group were given with normal saline 1 mL. At the end of the experiment, all the rats were sacrificed, and their brain tissues were taken out. Half of the brain tissues was fixed by 10% neutral formaldehyde solution for biopsy, and the other half was homogenated on ice to extract mRNA and protein. The count of positive neurons in hippocampal CA1, CA3 area and S1Tr areas were detected by Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry methods; The α3 and α7-nAChR mRNA and protein expression levels in the brains of senile dementia rats were measured by Real-time PCR and Western blot respectively. Result: As compared with the normal group, the counts of neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 area and S1Tr area were decreased, and the expression levels of α3 and α7-nAChR mRNA and proteins in the brains were also decreased in model group (P<0.01); EPP could increase the count of neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 area and S1Tr area; EPP could increase the expression of α3 and α7-nAChR mRNA and protein in the brains of dementia rats as compared with the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion: EPP can protect the nerve cells in the brain's cognitive learning and memory related areas, and can simultaneously trigger α3 and α7-nAChR receptors to increase central acetylcholine contents. Therefore, EPP could increase the activity of central cholinergic system in senile dementia rats.关键词：extracts from Polygonati Rhizoma and Pheretima;senile dementia rat;cerebral cortex;hippocampus;neuron;nicotinic acid type acetylcholine receptors(nAChR)
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of total glucosides from Paeoniae Radix Alba(TGP) on high mobility group protein 1(HMGB1),Toll like receptor 4(TLR4) signal pathway in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) rats induced by high fat and fructose feed. Method: high fat and high fructose diet was used to establish NAFLD rat models. All the rats except those in normal group were randomly divided into model group, silymarin group (200 mg·kg-1·d-1), metformin group (200 mg·kg-1·d-1), TGP high and low dose groups (200, 100 mg·kg-1·d-1). Rats were observed after 6 weeks of treatment, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 hour postprandial blood glucose (2 hBG), insulin (Fins), cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and liver index. In addition,HMGB1 and TLR4 protein expression levels in liver tissues were detected by Western blot. Result: The aminotransferase, liver index, blood lipid, 2 hBG, insulin, HOMA-IR and TLR4, HMGB1 protein in model group were significantly higher than those in the normal group (P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with the model group, 2 hBG, Fins, HOMA-IR, LDL-C, TC, TG, FFA, ALT and AST levels were significantly lower in both TGP high dose and low dose groups (P<0.05, P<0.05). Both high dose and low dose TGP showed significant effects in antagonizing insulin resistance, lipid-lowering, glucose-lowering, and improving liver function, and could down-regulate HMGB1/TLR4 protein expression levels (P<0.01). Conclusion: In the course of NAFLD progression, HMGB1,TLR4 is one of the pathways leading to inflammation, and TGP plays a role in inhibiting the development of NAFLD in rats by down regulating the expression of HMGB1,TLR4 signaling pathway.关键词：total glucosides of paeoniae Radix Alba;nonalcoholic fatty liver disease;signal pathway;high mobility group protein 1;Toll like receptor 4 protein
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To observe the effect of Danshen injection on promoting the recovery of spinal nerve function in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI) and investigate its action mechanism. Method: Fifty SPF SD rats were divided into five groups randomly: normal control group, injury group, treatment group, inhibition group and blank control group (n=10 in each group). All the rats except those in inormal control group received modified Allen's method to establish SCI models. The rats in njury group were fed routinely after injury; Danshen injection (1 mL·kg-1) was intraperitoneally injected 1 h after injury in treatment group; Danshen injection(1 mL·kg-1, including rapamycin 3 mg·kg-1) was intraperitoneally injected 1 h after injury in inhibition group; and normal saline (1 mL·kg-1) was intraperitoneally injected into the rats in blank control group after injury,once a day respectively. The rats in all groups were killed on 14 d, and the combine behavioral scores (CBS) of rats in all groups were detected before being killed to evaluate the recovery of spinal nerve function; and then the spinal cord tissues 1 cm above and below the injured segments were taken. Immunohistochemical SP method, Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used respectively to detect PI3K, Akt and mTOR protein and mRNA expression levels. Result: After treatment, the motor function of posterior limbs (CBS score) in treatment group was better than that in injury group, inhibition group and blank control group (P<0.05); PI3K, Akt and mTOR mRNA expression levels, immunoreactive cells count and relative expression levels in treatment group were also significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Danshen injection could promote the recovery of nerve function after SCI probably by elevating the activity of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling-pathway.关键词：spinal cord injury;Danshen injection;PI3K/Akt/mTOR;rapamycin;signaling-pathway
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To study the hypoglycemic effect and its action mechanism of water extract of Gymnema sylvestre fruit. Method: Acute toxicity was studied by using modified Karber's method. Diabetic mice and rats induced by alloxan were used as the models, and metformin was used as the positive control drug. In the experiment, glucose peroxidase method (GOD-POD) was used to determine the blood glucose in mice and rats, and observe the hypoglycemic effect of high, medium and low dose water extract of fruit of G. sylvestre. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose tolerance were detected in rats before and after treatment by using SOD activity kit, total cholesterol kit (COD-CE-PAP), triglyceride kit (GPO-PAP) method, and GOD-POD method respectively; pathological state of pancreatic tissues before and after treatment was compared in hyperglycemic rats and mice, and then the hypoglycemic mechanism of water extract of fruit of G. sylvestre was explored. Result: The lethal concentration of 50%(LD50) of water extract was 66.65 g·kg-1, and as compared with normal group, blood glucose of the model group was decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the water extract could decrease the blood glucose of the diabetic mice and rats induced by alloxan (P<0.01). As compared with the model group, various treatment groups had significantly different blood glucose (P<0.01), improved the SOD activity, decreased triglyceride, improved pancreas and increased the amount of islets in rats, but it did not affect the glucose metabolism. Conclusion: The water extract of fruit of G. sylvestre had low toxicity and better hypoglycemic effect. Its mechanism is associated with the antioxidant capacity, regulation of the lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism,this paper can provide scientific basis for defining the hypoglycemic effect substance of fruit of G. sylvestre.关键词：fruit of Gymnema sylvestre;hypoglycemic effect;mechanism of action;alloxan
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To observe the effect of Xiaozhitang on intestinal flora of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model. Method: Mice were fed with D12492 high-fat diet for 16 weeks to establish the NAFLD model. After successful modeling, they were randomly divided into model group, high-dose Xiaozhitang group, middle-dose Xiaozhitang group, low-dose Xiaozhitang group, fenofibrate group, normal control group and Xiaozhitang control group. All of the mice were given normal diet. Meanwhile, drug groups were given the corresponding drugs, and control group was given equal volume of normal saline. Nine weeks after administration, all of the mice were treated with intraperitoneal anesthesia with 3% hydrate to collect serum. Total cholesterol (TC) and Triglyceride (TG) content in liver tissues and aspartase aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) content in serum were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. The expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Lpopolysaccharide (LPS) were detected by enzymes linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Two liver tissues were collected for paraffin embedding, hematoxyhin-easin(HE) staining and oil red O staining. Bacterial counts of Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium and Lactobacillus were examined by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). Result: Compared with normal group, blood lipid, insulin (INS) and insulin resistance index (HOMAR-IR) were significantly increased in model group (P< 0.05, P< 0.01). Compared with model group, TC, TG, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR were lower in experimental group (P< 0.05, P< 0.01). However, there was no difference between model group and fenofibrate group. The bacterial counts of Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium and Lactobacillus in model group were lower than normal group (P< 0.01), and Escherichia coli was higher in model group. The bacterial counts of Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium and Lactobacillus were much higher in high-dose group and middle-dose group than that of model group (P< 0.05, P< 0.01). However, the bacterial count of Escherichia coli was lower than model group (P< 0.01). There was no difference between model group, the low-dose group and the Fenofibrate group. Conclusion: Xiaozhitang can significantly improve insulin resistance of NAFLD, reduce lipid and inflammation, which may be related to its effects in adjusting intestinal flora and improving the growth of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and other dominant flora.关键词：non-alcoholic steatohepatitis;Xiaozhitang;intestinal flora;tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α);interleukin-6 (IL-6);lpopolysaccharide (LPS)
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To investigate the effect of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang (HGW) on joint synovial cell apoptosis in rat models with collagen induced arthritis (CIA), and explore its mechanism of action. Method: The 72 SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal group (N), model group (CIA), HGW low, medium and high dose groups (HGW-L, M, H), and Tofacitinib group (TFN). The drug doses were 16, 32, 64 g·mL-1 respectively in HGW-L, HGW-M, HGW-H(16,32,64 g·kg-1) groups equivalent to 3, 6, 12 times of the dosage for clinical common people; the drug dose of TFN was 15 mg·kg-1; 10 mL·kg-1 distilled water was given daily in normal group and model group. Bovine typeⅡcollagen and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) were used to build collagen-induced arthritis rat models, and the ankle pathological morphology in rats was observed under light microscope after 4 weeks treatment by HGW. Then the contents of IL-10 and IL-4 were detected by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immunohistochemistry, and terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect the apoptosis of synovial cells. Result: As compared with normal group, the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 in synovium were increased in model group, HGW-L, M, H groups and TFN group (P<0.05); the protein expression levels of Bax were reduced in model group (P<0.05). As compared with model group, Bcl-2 protein expression levels were decreased in HGW-H group and TFN group, while Bax protein expressions were increased (P<0.05).Apoptosis of synovial cells was visible, and as compared with normal group, synovial cells were increased in model group, HGW-L, M, H groups and TFN group, with a decreased apoptosis rate (P<0.05). As compared with model group, the apoptosis rate of synovial cells was increased in HGW-L, M, in H groups and TFN group (P<0.05). As compared with HGW-L group, apoptosis rate of synovial cells was significantly increased in HGW-H group (P<0.01); as compared with HGW-M group, apoptosis rate of synovial cells was increased in HGW-H group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang can promote the apoptosis of synovial cells with abnormal hyperfunction in RA rats.关键词：rheumatoid arthritis;Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang;synovial cells;apoptosis;collagen induced arthritis (CIA)
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To explore the pharmacological mechanism of Curcumae Rhizoma through a series of system pharmacology methods. Method: Active ingredients of Curcumae Rhizoma were obtained through traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharma cology(TCMSP) database. The target proteins of Curcumae Rhizoma were obtained by PharmMapper Server, the gene name of the targets were obtained by UniProt database, and the main diseases related to Curcumae Rhizoma were obtained by the database of CTD. Then, the target proteins interaction network of Curcumae Rhizoma was built using software Cytoscape. Next, gene ontology (GO) analysis on protein groups and enrichment analysis on action pathways were performed by DAVID tool. Result: Text mining results showed that relevant diseases of Curcumae Rhizoma included neoplastic diseases, neurological diseases and metabolic diseases. GO analysis indicated that Curcumae Rhizoma played a biological role mainly through steroid hormone-mediated signaling pathways, RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter transcription, negative regulation of process, peptidyl tyrosine phosphorylation, protein autophosphorylation, retinoic acid receptor signaling pathways and positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter. The signaling pathway enrichment results showed that main action proteins of Curcumae Rhizoma were related to the pathways of cancer, PPAR signal pathway, proteoglycan in cancer, non-small cell carcinoma and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion: Curcumae Rhizoma may exert its biological functions primarily by regulating multiple pathways, such as cancer pathway, PPARP signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The pharmacological action of a drug can be rapidly and comprehensively analyzed through system pharmacology.关键词：system pharmacology;Curcumae Rhizoma;pharmacological action;gene ontology;pathway enrichment
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To observe the therapy effect of Jiaotaiwan adding and subtraction prescription on the function of heart and kidney of patients with advanced cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Method: The 60 cases patients with CRS were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The patients in treatment group were treated with Jiaotaiwan adding and subtraction decoction based on routine western medicine. The treatment course was 14 days in both groups, and then the main traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) symptoms such as asthma, edema, and oliguria, as well as heart and kidney functions of patients were observed and the curative effect was evaluated in both groups. Result: The total symptom score of patients in treatment group was decreased and had significant difference as compared with control group (P<0.05); the improvement in TCM syndrome in treatment group was better than that of control group (P<0.05). New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac functional grading was improved after treatment in both groups (P<0.01). The level of NT-probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in treatment group was obviously decreased after treatment (P<0.01), and that of the decrease was more obvious in treatment group as compared with that in control group (P<0.01). The level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in treatment group was lower than that of control group (P<0.05). The level of cystatin-C (Cys-C) was decreased in both groups after treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the decrease was more obvious in treatment group as compared with that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Jiaotaiwan adding and subtraction decoction can improve the functional deterioration of heart and kidney for patients in the advanced stage of cardiorenal syndrome.关键词：cardiorenal syndrome;Jiaotaiwan;NT-probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP);cystatin-C (Cys-C);blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Bupiwei Xieyinghuo Shengyang Tang combined with mesalazine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, and their effect on inflammatory cytokines. Method: A total of 195 patients with ulcerative colitis were selected and divided with the random number table method into control group 1, control group 2 and treatment group, with 65 cases in each group. The control group 1 was orally given mesalazin enteric-coated table, 1 g/time, tid. In addition to oral administration with mesalazin enteric-coated table, the control group 2 was also orally given Chenliji Bupi Yichang pill, 6 g/time, tid. The treatment group was treated with Bupiwei Xieyinghuo Shengyang Tang, 100 mL/time, tid, in addition to oral administration with mesalazin enteric-coated table. Before and after treatment, symptoms, colorectal mucosa score changes, high sensitivity C-reaction protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were observed, and statistics was made for the clinical efficacy. Result: The treatment group showed reductions in symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea, pus and blood stool), colon mucosa score, cytokines (hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha) compared with control group 1 and control group 2 (P<0.05). The total effective rates of treatment group, control group 1 and control group 2 were 93.85%, 78.46%, 81.54%, respectively, indicating treatment group was superior to control group 1 and control group 2 in the clinical efficacy (P<0.05). Conclusion: Bupiwei Xieyinghuo Shengyang Tang combined with mesalazine can effectively alleviate clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis and colorectal mucosa, improve the level of cytokines, and provide an effective prescription for clinical explorations for traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, and is worth further promotion and application.关键词：Bupiwei Xieyinghuo Shengyang Tang;mesalazine;ulcerative colitis;high sensitivity C-reaction protein (hs-CRP);interleukin-6 (IL-6);tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of Xiyanping injection combined with bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients with respiratory failure and pneumonia and the effect on procalcitonin (PCT), soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and quality of life. Method: A total of 150 AECOPD patients with respiratory failure and pneumonia were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 75 cases in each group. The control group was given conventional therapies, such as oxygen uptake, anti-infection, antiasthmatics, BiPAP noninvasive breathing machine. The observation group was given Xiyanping injection, in addition to the conventional therapies. The treatment lasted for continuously 10 days. Result: After 10 days of treatment, among the 153 cases, one case exited, one case could not follow this therapeutic regimen, and one case suffered from pulmonary encephalopathy and transferred to intensive care unit(ICU) for invasive mechanical ventilation. Therefore, 150 eligible cases were left. The total effective rate of the observation group (84%) was significantly higher than that of control group (69%), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). After 10 days of treatment in both groups, pulmonary function (FEV1 and PEF), blood gas analysis (pH, PaCO2, PaO2) and score of CAT were improved. And observation group was superior to control group (P<0.05). After 10 days of treatment, two groups showed decreases in inflammatory indicators of sTREM-1, PCT levels (P<0.05). After treatment, the observation group showed lower sTREM-1, PCT serum levels than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Xiyanping injection combined with BiPAP non-invasive treathing machine can achieve a good clinical efficacy in treatment of AECOPD with respiratory failure and pneumonia, and can effectively relieve clinical symptoms, alliviate respiratory failure, improve the quality of life and exercise tolerance and reduce serum inflammatory factors.关键词：Xiyanping;bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP);acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD);respiratory failure;pneumonia
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To discuss the clinical efficacy of early intervention of Xiaoshuan Tongluo granules on ischemic stroke (wind phlegm stagnation syndrome) and observe its effect on inflammatory factors and neurological factors. Method: One hundred and sixty patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group by random number table. The patients in both groups received comprehensive medical treatment measures and rehabilitation measures by referring to the guide. Patients in control group got acupuncture and Chinese medicine rehabilitation measures; based on the treatment in control group, the patients in observation group also received Xiaoshuan Tongluo granules, 12 g/time, 3 times/day. The treatment course was 4 weeks in both groups. Before treatment and at day 7, day 14 and day 28 after treatment, scores of neurological deficits in the US national institutes of health (NIHSS) were graded. Activities of daily living were evaluated by functional independence rating scale (FIM). Functional activities of the limbs were evaluated by Fugl-Meyer functional scale (FMA). Disability or death was evaluated by modified Rankin scale (mRS). Before and after treatment, levels of soluble adhesion molecules (SICAM-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), S100-β protein (S100-β), angiopoietin-1 (ANG-1) and endothelin-1(ET-1)were detected, and safety evaluation was conducted. Result: The total effective rate for the disease was 89.47% in observation group, higher than 77.03% in control group (χ2=4.182, P<0.05). By analysis of variance for repeated measures, scores of NIHSS were decreased after treatment in both groups (Fcontrol=7.026, Fobservation=7.683, P<0.05), and at the 14th and 28th days after treatment, NIHSS score in observation group was lower than that in control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Scores of FIM (Upper limbs, lower limbs) and Fugl-Meyer and the total score in observation group were higher than those in control group after treatment (P<0.01). And the scores of symptoms, psychological dimensions and total scores in PRO scale in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). In rank sum test, cases of disability or death were less than those in control group after treatment (P<0.01). And the levels of SICAM-1, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and S100-β, ANG-1 and endothelin-1 in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: In the comprehensive program, Xiaoshuan Tongluo granules can ameliorate nerve defect function, decrease degree of disability, improve patients' clinical efficacy, inhibit expression levels of SICAM-1, hs-CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α, regulate levels of S100-β, ANG-1 and ET-1, relieve inflammation, protect nerve cells, and promote neurological rehabilitation.关键词：ischemic stroke;rehabilitation;wind phlegm stagnation syndrome;Xiaoshuan Tongluo granules;inflammatory factor;neuroprotection
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Objective: To observe the clinical effect of Xiaoer Feike granule on cough after infection and its impact on levels of serum calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Method: One hundred and seventy patients were divided into control group (85 cases) and observation group (85 cases) by random number table. In control group, patients got montelukast sodium chewable tablets, 4 mg/day for those aged below 6 years old, 5 mg/day for those aged between 6 and 12 years old, 1 time/day. Patients with severe cough got budesonide aerosol, 0.5 mg/time, 2 time/day. In addition to the therapy of control group, patients in observation were also administered with Xiaoer Feike granule, 3 g/time for those aged below 4 years old, and 6 g/time for those aged between 4 and 6 years old, 9 g/time, 3 time/day. The course of treatment for both of the groups was 2 weeks. Cough degree for day and night and visual analogy score (VAS) were graded. And scores of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome, such as daytime cough, nocturnal cough, thick sputum, clear dilute sputum, itchy pharynx, spiritlessness, anorexia, fatigued limbs and low voice speaking, were graded. Quality of life of cough was graded by Les Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Levels of CGRP, CysLTs, TNF-α and IL-8 and safety evaluation were detected before and after treatment. Result: Disappearance rate of cough in observation group was 62.5%, which was higher than 39.42% in control group (χ2=8.601, P<0.01). The average extinction time of cough in observation group was shorter than that in control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine in observation group was 97.5%, which higher than 83.54% in control group (χ2=9.061, P<0.01). After treatment, scores of cough degree for day and night and visual analogy score (VAS) in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). After treatment, scores of LCQ scale (physiology, psychology, society) and total scores in observation group were higher than those in control group (P<0.01). After treatment, levels of CGRP, CysLTs, TNF-α and IL-8 in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). There was no untoward effect related to Xiaoer Feike granule. Conclusion: Xiaoer Feike granule can effectively relieve cough, shorten cough course, increase the cough disappearance rate and the clinical curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine, and significantly improve the patients' quality of life. Its mechanism may be related to down-regulation of CGRP, CysLTs, TNF-α and IL-8 levels, reduction of airway inflammatory response, airway hyperresponsiveness and the cough reflex sensitivity.关键词：post-infection cough;Xiaoer Feike granule;serum calcitonin gene related peptide;cysteinyl leukotrienes;tumor necrosis factor-α;interleukin-8
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Pandemic influenza virus is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus infection. Resources of Chinese herbal medicines are rich in our country, so the price of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is low for preventing and treating pandemic influenza virus. It has an obvious effect, and is easy to spread, with a broad development prospect. From earliest times to the present day, TCM always has remarkable effects in treating the common cold, viral influenza, flu and fever. Many scholars of TCM have made deeper research on single Chinese herbal medicine with anti-influenza virus effect by using modern means of science and technology and combining the basic TCM theory, provided a platform against influenza virus, achieved fruitful results, and selected a large number of Chinese herbal medicines and compound preparations against influenza virus effectively. Based on the advantages of TCM on influenza, the literature reviewing method was mainly adopted in this paper, and the current research status of single Chinese herbal medicines was summarized, including traditional Chinese herbal with a direct antiviral effect and indirect antiviral effect; the Chinese herbal medicines with a direct antiviral effect were represented by Isatidis Radix, Isatidis Folium, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,Weeping Forsythia Extract, and Houttuyniae Herba, et al, and the Chinese herbal medicines with an indirect antiviral effect were represented by Catechu, Gardeniae Fructus, Bupleuri Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, et al. The active anti-influenza virus compositions as well as the research and mechanism of the corresponding Chinese medicine parts were summed up in this paper, and by referring to the current research results, it would have certain guiding significance for further research work.关键词：traditional Chinese medicine;influenza virus;H1N1;Chinese medicine parts;mechanism of action
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Anthocyanin is a type of soluble natural pigments that widely exists in plants. The current study shows that anthocyanin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging and anti-proliferation effects, and can selectively inhibit the growth of cancer cells and reduce cardiovascular disease. Anthocyanin can realize its biological functions by inhibiting expressions of interleukin (IL), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality among malignant tumors in our country. The occurrence and development of lung cancer is correlated with the persistent inflammation to some extent. At present, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) could enhance the overall efficacy in treating lung cancer. Inflammation, which is also called ‘the seven main characteristics of cancer’, plays an important role in the development of cancer. IL-6, COX-2, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) are closely related to the occurrence and development of lung cancer. In the relationship between inflammation and lung cancer, there are many signal transduction pathways, and the development of lung cancer is closely correlated with NF-κB and Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT pathway. IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine in the signal transmission process. A variety of proteins, like MAPK, STAT and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K), involve in the signal transduction of IL-6 and the formation of Ras/MAPK pathway, JAK/STAT pathway and PI3K-mediated pathway. Some cell stimulating factors can increase dramatically the expression of COX-2, and produce prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 can promote cell proliferation and migration, and inhibit apoptosis of tumor cells. Many studies in recent years have shown that IL-6 and COX-2 are correlated with the realization of anthocyanin's effect, and there are interactions between IL-6 and COX-2 signal transduction. The detailed mechanism of action of these cytokines may provide a new method for the treatment of lung cancer. This paper introduces some of recent studies on the effect of anthocyanins on inflammatory factor signal transduction pathways related to lung cancer cells.关键词：anthocyanins;interleukin-6 (IL-6);cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2);lung cancer;advance of studies
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发布时间：2024-01-04 - 摘要：Polygonati Rhizoma is a kind of restoratives of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with diverse chemical components and wide pharmacological effects. It has effects in promoting immunity, improving function balance, delaying senility, and treating challenging diseases, like diabetes, atherosis and cancer. The herb Polygonatum kingianum is one of the three source species of Polygonati Rhizoma, and distributed in southwest Yunnan province. Compared with the other two species P. sibiricum and P. cyrtonema, P. kingianum is known for good quality in a large size, yellow colour, high moisture and apparent section. To rationally exploit abundant resources of P. kingianum, we consulted references concerning Polygonati Rhizoma published since 1960s, and then summarized and elaborated the study advance in historic record, crude drug identification, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, artificial cultivation and product development, so as to provide helpful reference for both basic research and comprehensive utilization of P. kingianum.关键词：Polygonatum kingianum;crude drug identification;chemical composition;pharmacological activity;development and utilization
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发布时间：2024-01-04
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