最新刊期
卷 25 ， 期 7 ， 2019
- 摘要：Meridians include (Qi) channels and blood (vessels). In Duyi Suibi, ZHOU Xue-hai of qing Dynasty named the terminal of Qi channel as " fine collateral of Qi" and the terminal of blood vessel as " fine collateral of blood" . Qi channels of the heart cover extensive regulating mechanisms including cardiac pacing and conducting system. Blood vessels of the heart cover circulation system of coronary artery. Cardiac Qi channels and blood vessels are coordinated mutually, and Ying and Wei run together, to jointly maintain normal functions of the heart. Abnormal Yingwei caused by various pathogenic factors leads to occurrence of arrhythmia. Based on the Yingwei theory of vessel-collateral theory, this paper puts forward treatment based on syndrome differentiation of arrhythmia guided by therapeutic principle of " regulating Yingwei in case of heart damage" (Nanjing·14thNan) as well as addresses both symptoms and root causes by prescriptions for regulating Wei, Qi, Ying and blood through sufficiently considering modern pathogenic factors and pathogenic characteristics, in order to provide beneficial reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.关键词：vessel-collateral theory;Yingwei theory;arrhythmia;treatment based on syndrome differentiation;regulating Yingwei
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Monograph
- 摘要：Objective:To discuss the effect of herbal compatibility on the components of volatile oils in Menthae Haplocalycix Herba and Schizonepetae Herba, and the comparison of the anti-bacterial effects in vitro, in order to provide the experimental basis for investigating the effective material basis of their herb-pair.Method:Steam distillation was used to extract volatile oils of Menthae Haplocalycix Herba, Schizonepetae Herba, and their combination. GC-MS was employed to analyze their volatile oils, and the anti-bacterial effects in vitro were compared.Result:Totally 50 compounds were identified from the volatile oils of Menthae Haplocalycix Herba; 41 compounds were identified from the volatile oils of Schizonepetae Herba; and 60 compounds were identified from the volatile oils of their herbal pairs. A total of 27 common compounds were found in the samples of three volatile oils. Totally 5 new compounds were detected in the volatile oils of their herbal pairs, and 9 compounds were not detected. In vitro, volatile oils of both their herbal pairs and individual herbs had bacteriostatic effects on dung Enterococcus (ATCC2922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC2923), Escherichia coli (ATCC35218), and E. coli (ATCC25922). Among them, volatile oils of their herbal pairs had stronger bacteriostatic effects on dung enterococcus (ATCC2922) and staphylococcus aureus (ATCC2923) than volatile oils of individual herbs. Moreover, the order of the inhibitory effects of volatile oils on E. coli (ATCC35218 and ATCC25922) were "herbal pairs=peppermint > herba schizonepetae" .Conclusion:There were some changes between the volatile oils of individual herbs and the volatile oils of their herbal pairs. These phenomena may be caused by the occurrence of certain chemical reactions and physical changes in compatibility of decocting process. The antibacterial effects of volatile oils of their herbal pairs were better than those of individual herbs in vitro.关键词：couplet medicines;Menthae Haplocalycix Herba;Schizonepetae Herba;volatile oils;GC-MS;anti-bacterial effects in vitro
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Compatibility
- 摘要：Objective:To investigate the effect of modified Lichongtang combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human hepatoma HepG2 cells.Method:The growth of HepG2 cells was detected by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the effect of Chinese medicine and 5-FU alone or combined use on the growth of HepG2 cells was analyzed by the principle of efficacy. The growth curves of HepG2 cells were plotted to determine the relationship between drug effect and combination index as well as the interaction between drugs. Scratch test was used to detect the effect of modified Lichongtang combined with 5-FU on the migration of HepG2 cells. Cell invasion assay (transwell chamber) was used to detect the effect of modified Lichongtang combined with 5-FU on the invasion ability of HepG2 cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the effect of modified Lichongtang combined with 5-FU on EMT-related genes E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Zinc finger transcription factors (snail, twist) mRNA expression after 24 hours of treatment on HepG2 cells. The expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail and Vimentin in HepG2 cells were detected by Western blot after treatment by modified Lichongtang combined with 5-FU for 24 hours.Result:MTT assay showed that with the increase of drug concentration, the inhibitory effect of modified Lichongtang, 5-FU alone or combined use on HepG2 cell growth was also increased. Statistical analysis showed that the combined use of these two drugs at a low dosage could produce better synergistic effect on HepG2 cells after 24 hours of treatment. Therefore, modified Lichongtang and 5-FU were selected to treat HepG2 cells for 24 hours. 25%inhibitory concentration (IC25) was 800 mg·L-1 modified Lichongtang, 3.125 mg·L-15-FU. Blank group, 5-FU group, Lichongtang+ 5-FU group, and modified Lichongtang group were set for follow-up experiments. Scratch and invasion experiments showed that modified Lichongtang, 5-FU alone and combined use can inhibit HepG2 cell migration and invasion ability (P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with 5-FU group, the inhibitory effect was more obvious in modified Lichongtang+ 5-FU group. As compared with the blank group, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin were up-regulated, while the mRNA expression levels of N-cadherin, Snail and Twist were and down-regulated in the 5-FU group and the 5-FU+ modified Lichongtang group (P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with 5-FU group, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin was up-regulated while the mRNA expression levels N-cadherin, Snail and Twist were down-regulated in the 5-FU+ modified Lichongtang group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Western blot showed that as compared with the blank group, E-cadherin protein expression was up-regulated while N-cadherin, Snail and Vimentin protein expression levels were down-regulated in 5-FU group and 5-FU+ modified Lichongtang group (P<0.05, P<0.01). As compared with the 5-FU group, E-cadherin protein expression was up-regulated while N-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin protein expression levels were down-regulated in 5-FU+ modified Lichongtang group (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion:Modified Lichongtang combined with 5-FU can produce a better synergistic effect on HepG2 cells at a low dosage for 24 hours, and can significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, up-regulate the expression of E-cadherin, down-regulate the expression of N-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin and Twist in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT-related gene expression may be associated with enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs, and may act as one of the mechanisms for synergistic effect of modified Lichongtang combined with 5-FU.关键词：modified Lichongtang;5-fluorouracil;HepG2 cells;synergistic effect;epithelial mesenchymal transition
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To observe the changes of dysfunctional high density lipoprotein cholesterol (dyHDL) and the intervention effect of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang in rats with spleen deficiency and hyperlipidemia, and reveal the effect and mechanism of Xiangsha Liu Junzitang on dyHDL in rats with spleen-deficiency hyperlipidemia.Method:Seventy-five SPF SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, high fat group, spleen deficiency and high fat group, Xiangsha Liu Junzitang low and high dose groups (5.67, 11.34 g·kg-1). In the spleen deficiency and high fat group, as well as Xiangsha Liu Junzitang low and high dose groups, composite method of improper diet and exhaustive swimming was used for 15 days for modeling. After modeling for 15 days, normal group was fed with basic diet, while the high-fat group, spleen-deficiency and high-fat group, the Xiangsha Liu Junzitang low and high dose groups were fed with high-fat diet. After 12 weeks, the Xiangsha Liu Junzitang low dose and high dose groups received corresponding dosage of drugs, while normal group, high fat group and spleen deficiency high fat group received corresponding volume of normal saline. After 4 weeks, the contents of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer, while D-xylose excretion rate was measured by phloroglucinol method. The morphological changes of liver cells were observed by hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. The level of PON1, apoA1 and SAA in plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Paraoxonase 1(PON1), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and serum amyloid protein A (SAA) gene expression in rats liver were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR).Result:As compared with normal group, the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly increased in the high-fat group and spleen-deficiency high-fat group (P<0.05), and HDL-C levels were significantly lower (P<0.05); the levels of PON1 and apoA1 in plasma were decreased (P<0.05), while the content of SAA was increased (P<0.05); the expression of SAA gene in liver tissues was increased (P<0.01), and the expression levels of PON1 and apoA1 genes in liver tissues were significantly decreased (P<0.01). In high-fat group and the spleen-deficiency and high-fat group, the hepatocytes were rounded and scattered, and scattered fat vacuoles were observed. In addition, the urinary D-xylose excretion rate was significantly decreased in the spleen-deficiency and high-fat group (P<0.05). After the intervention with Xiangsha Liu Junzitang, the serum TC, LDL-C levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05); HDL-C levels were significantly increased (P<0.05); plasma PON1, apoA1 levels were increased (P<0.05); the content of SAA was decreased (P<0.05); the expression of SAA gene in liver tissues was decreased (P<0.05); the expression of apoA1 gene was increased significantly (P<0.05). Liver cells swelling was significantly alleviated and fat foaming was reduced. As compared with high-fat group, the plasma PON1 and SAA levels in the spleen-deficiency high-fat group were significantly lower (P<0.05); hepatocyte swelling was obvious and foaming was aggravated.Conclusion:The lipid disorder in hyperlipidemia rats was aggravated by the spleen deficiency, but was corrected after intervention with Xiangsha Liu Junzitang. and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the expression of dyHDL-related genes and protein.关键词：Xiangsha Liu Junzitang;spleen deficiency;grease;hyperlipidemia;dysfunctional high density lipoprotein cholesterol (dyHDL)
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To study the protective effect of Taoren Chengqitang on intestinal mucosal barrier in septic rats and its possible mechanism.Method:Rats were divided into sham operation group, model group (replication of septic rats with cecal ligation and perforation), low, middle and high-dose Taoren Chengqitang groups (2.85, 5.70, 8.55 g·kg-1), and dexamethasone group (0.01 g·kg-1), with 12 rats in each group. After last administration, rats were put to death, the morphological changes of intestinal mucosa were observed under electron microscope, the bacterial translocation rates in lymphoglandulae mesentericae, liver, kidney and spleen tissues were detected; the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and diamine oxidase (DAO) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (i-FABP) levels in small intestine tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor-kappa B subunit p65 in small intestine tissues were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.Result:Compared with sham operated group, the bacterial translocation rate, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in model group increased significantly, DAO, i-FABP, mucosal thickness and villus height decreased significantly, and protein expressions of TLR9, MyD88 and nucleus NF-κB p65 increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01), and expression of cytoplasmic NF-κB p65 protein decreased significantly. Compared with model group, the bacterial translocation rate, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in organs of low, medium and high-dose Taoren Chengqitang groups and dexamethasone group decreased significantly, DAO, i-FABP, mucosal thickness and villus height increased significantly, while the protein expressions of TLR9, MyD88 and nucleus NF-κB p65 decreased significantly (P<0.05), and expression of cytoplasmic NF-κB p65 protein increased significantly.Conclusion:Taoren Chengqitang has a certain protective effect on intestinal mucosal barrier in septic rats, which may be related to the inhibition of TLR9 signaling pathway.关键词：sepsis;intestinal mucosa;Taoren Chengqitang;Toll like receptor 9;myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88);nuclear factor-κB subunit p65 (NF-κB p65)
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To observe the effect of Shoutaiwan and Shaoyao Gancao Tang on recurrent spontaneous abortion due to spleen and kidney Qi deficiency.Method:Totally 80 eligible patients were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group, with 90 cases in each group. The control group was treated with lymphocyte immune; the Shoutaiwan and Shaoyao Gancao Tang combined with lymphocyte immune was applied in the treatment group. Coagulation function [the part plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrinogen (FIB), type plasminogen activator (t-PA), prothrombin time (PT), D-dimer (D-D) and tissue factor (TF), fibrin peptide A (FPA), fibrinogen (Fig), Plasminase-antifibrinolytic complex (PAP), glycoprotein platelet particle-140 (GMP-140), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT)], serum closed antibody (CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ , CD4+ /CD8+ ), inflammatory factor interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10)]were scored after the treatment. The rates of birth and adverse reactions in each group were compared. The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome differentiation of abortion spleen and kidney Qi deficiency was scored.Result:5 cases were lost during the study period. The term delivery rate was 92.0%in the treatment group, which was higher than 73.6%in control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 97.7%in the treatment group, which was higher than 81.6%in control group (P<0.05). The coagulation function indexes (PAI-1, FIB, t-PA, D-D, PAP, GMP-140, TAT), closed antibodies (CD3+ , CD4+ , CD4+ /CD8+ ), inflammatory factors (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β) and TCM syndrome scores were significantly lower in the treatment group than that in control group (P<0.05). Coagulation function indexes (PT, TF, FPA, Fig), serum blocking antibodies (CD8+ ), inflammatory factors IL-10 were significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in treatment group was 10.3%(9/87), which was lower than 22.7%in control group (20/88) (P<0.05).Conclusion:Shoutaiwan and Shaoyao Gancao Tang have a remarkable effect on recurrent spontaneous abortion case by spleen and kidney Yang deficiency.关键词：Shoutaiwan and Shaoyao Gancao Tang;lymphocyte immune;recurrent spontaneous abortion;spleen and kidney Qi deficiency
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To observe the effect of modified Bazhentang on cerebrovascular reserve and hemorheology in patients with chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency.Method:Totally 80 patients treated at Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to June 2018 in line with the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the observation group (40 cases) and the control group (40 cases) using the random sequence of Stata 13.0. Both groups received basic treatments, such as antihypertensive, hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering. In addition to the therapy of the control group, the control group was also given nimodipine tablet treatment, and the observation group was given modified Bazhentang treatment, with a total course of 30 days. Before and after treatment, transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) was used to detect the cerebrovascular reserve function of the two groups, so as to evaluate the clinical efficacy, and detect the hemorheology, blood routine, hepatic and renal function.Result:The effective rate of the observation group was 92.5%, and that of the control group was 80%. The clinical efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, cerebrovascular reserve (CVR), breath-holding index (BMI) and mean blood flow velocity (Vm) were significantly increased in the observation group after treatment (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, hematocrit, whole blood apparent viscosity high cut, low cut, plasma viscosity were all decreased in the observation group after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, CVR, BMI, and Vm of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), and hematocrit, whole blood apparent viscosity high cut, low cut, plasma viscosity of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Safety indexes of the two groups were in the normal range after treatment, with no statistical difference compared with before treatment.Conclusion:Modified Bazhentang can effectively treat chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency. By improving the function of cerebrovascular reserve and cerebral blood flow, it can alleviate clinical symptoms without safety problems, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency with traditional Chinese medicine.关键词：modified Bazhentang;chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency;cerebrovascular reserve;hemorheology
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Classic Prescriptions
- 摘要：Wilson disease (WD) is a treatable neurological inherited disorder characterized by copper metabolism impairment. Metal chelating drugs, such as penicillamine, have been used to treat WD for decades, is exposuring its limitations of effect and utilize sphere. Genetic therapy was considered as the most potential way of curing WD, is still can only be achieved in the laboratory, which have massive problems to solve before its clinical utilization. Based on this, we started to research the curative mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) donated by national natural science fund project funding, found that TCM formula Gandou decoction regulate the metabolic disorders caused by liver cells and neurons apoptosis, autophagy, such as programmed cell death, from the molecular pathways of copper metabolism, Wnt/β-catenin pathway and mitogen-activated protein kmase(MAPK) pathways regulating liver damage such as cell signaling pathways, extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) pathway and liver kinase B1(LKB1)/adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK) pathway and the cell signaling pathway of neuronal damage. The above experimental results were verified by TX mice, a reliable WD animal models. This paper aimed to systematically review the research of GDD therapeutic mechanisms from the sight of programmed cell death, including aptosis and autophagy, and provided theoretical for formula optimization. In addition, we elaborated some assumptions and feasible advice for the further research of GDD therapeutic mechanism.关键词：Wilson's disease(WD);copper metabolism;Gandou decoction;cellular signal pathway;programmed cell death(PCD)
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To detect ceramide(Cer) signaling pathway-related proteins expression levels in HT-22 with Gandou decoction (GDD), in order to explore its molecular targets and mechanism in regulating Cer signaling pathway.Method:The experiment was divided into normal group (normal HT-22 cultured by 10%blank rabbit serum), model group (HT-22 cells incubated with CuSO4), and GDD group (HT-22 cells incubated with CuSO4, continuously cultured by rabbit serum containing10%, 15%, 20%GDD). HT-22 cells were incubated with different concentrations of CuSO4.The cell growth and proliferation were assessed using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) method; flow cytometry was used to analyze the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS); Western blot was used to detect relevant protein expression of Cer signaling pathway.Result:The results of MTT showed that CuSO4 inhibited the growth and proliferation of HT-22 cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner; flow cytometry results showed that the model group increased the release of ROS compared with the normal group (P<0.01); compared with the model group, GDD could significantly reduce the release of ROS (P<0.01). Western blot indicated that GDD concentration-dependently decreased the expressions of acid sphingomyelinase(ASM), Cer, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK), cytochrome C(Cyt C), cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase(Caspase)-9, Caspase-3 in HT-22 compared with the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion:High copper can induce oxidative stress and deactivate Cer signaling pathway, which led to hippocampal neuron injury. These findings suggest that GDD reduces neurotoxicity induced by copper overload by increasing the copper excretion that inhibits the expressions of ASM, Cer, p38 MAPK, Cyt C, Caspase-9, Caspase-3.GDD reduces neurotoxicity induced by copper overload by decreasing copper levels in brain and then regulating Cer signaling pathway.关键词：Wilson's disease;Gandou decoction;Cer signaling pathway;HT-22 cell
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To explore the effect of Gandou decoction on autophagy of SH-SY5Y cells induced by high copper and its mechanism, in order to provide new therapeutic targets and research ideas for the prevention and treatment of brain-type Wilson disease (WD) with traditional Chinese medicine.Method:CuSO4 model showed a certain dose-effect and time-effect relationship according to methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT); lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) leakage rate was detected by LDH release assay; flow cytometry method was used to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. The fluorescent dye JC-1 was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells. Flow cytometry was used to quantify autophagy. The expressions of liver kinase B1 (LKB1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3A/B), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and UNC-51-like kinase-1 (ULK1), phosphorylation-ULK (p-ULK), phosphorylation-AMPK (p-AMPK) were detected by Western blot.Result:According to MTT results, CuSO4 showed a dose-effect and time-effect relationship with cells (P<0.01). With the increase of the dosage and time of CuSO4, the survival rate of cells showed a downward trend (P<0.01). MTT results showed that 10%of rabbit serum containing Gandou decoction significantly inhibited CuSO4-induced cell death (P<0.01). The results of MTT showed that the leakage rate of LDH increased significantly after treatment with CuSO4 compared with the normal group (P<0.01), and the rabbit serum of Gandou decoction significantly decreased the LDH leakage rate of CuSO4-injured cells (P<0.05). DCFH-DA fluorescence staining showed that CuSO4 significantly increased the production of ROS in cells (P<0.01). The rabbit serum containing Gandou decoction significantly inhibited CuSO4-induced intracellular ROS production (P<0.01). JC-1 staining showed that CuSO4 induced a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in cells (P<0.01), while serum containing Gandou decoction inhibited CuSO4-induced mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). The western blot results showed that compared with the normal group, the protein expressions of LKB1, AMPK, LC3A/B, ULK, p-AMPK in the model group were significantly increased, while the protein expressions of mTOR and p-ULK were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expressions of LKB1, AMPK, LC3A/B, p-AMPK and ULK were significantly decreased, whereas the protein expressions of mTOR and p-ULK were significantly increased in the rabbit serum group containing Gandou decoction (P<0.01).Conclusion:High copper can induce autophagic apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by inducing intracellular mitochondrial oxidative stress, up-regulating the expressions of autophagy-related proteins LKB1, AMPK, LC3A/B, ULK, p-AMPK and down-regulating the expressions of mTOR and p-ULK. However, Gandou decoction can inhibit the occurrence of autophagy, and cut off high copper-induced neuronal damage by down-regulating the expressions of autophagy-related proteins LKB1, AMPK, LC3A/B, ULK, p-AMPK, and up-regulating the expression of mTOR and p-ULK, so as to exert a neuroprotective effect.关键词：Gandou decoction;Wilson's disease;autophagy;liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway;oxidative stress
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To discuss the effect of Gandou decoction (GDD) on the immune index of spleen in TX mice of Wilson's disease model.Method:The mice were divided into normal group, model group and GDD or tetrathiomolybdate(TM)treatment group, with 20 mice in each group. Each group was fed in various ways for 30 successive days. Normal group: 10 normal DL mice were randomly selected and feed normally. Model group: 20 TX mice were randomly selected and feed with 2 mL·kg-1·d-1ig saline by gavage twice per day. GDD or TM treatment group: 80 TX mice were randomly selected and feed with 2 mL·kg-1·d-1 ig Gandou decoction 22, 44, 66 g·kg-1 or tetrathiomolybdate by gavage twice per day. ICP-MS was used to compare the expressions of trace elements inside the mice's spleens, flow cytometry was applied to detect the mice T lymphocyte subsets of splenic tissue CD4+ , CD8+ , CD4+ /CD8+ , and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-18 (IL-18).Result:Flow ICP-MS results showed that GDD can reduce Cu of mice's spleen, flow cytometry results showed that CD4+ and CD8+ in model group were increased than those in normal group (P<0.01), and CD4+ /CD8+ was decreased (P<0.01); compared with model group, CD4+ and CD8+ in middle and high-dose GDD groups were decreased (P<0.01), and CD4+ /CD8+ was increased. According to Western blot detection, compared with normal group, the expressions of IL-2, IL-8, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the model group were increased (P<0.01); compared with model group, the expressions of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-8, IL-17 and IL-18 in the GDD middle and high or TM group were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with model group, the expressions of IL-2, IL-8, IL-17 and TNF-α in the GDD low were decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion:Spleen of TX mice shows the cellular immunity hyperfunction, which is mainly dominated by the negative immunoloregulation. GDD has a certain effect in regulating cellular immunity hyperfunctional state of TX mice, but it's difficult to thoroughly change the negative immune regulation.关键词：Gandou decoction;Wilson's disease;TX mice;spleen;immune dysfunction
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of Gandou decoction (GDD) on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatic tissue of Wilson disease model copper-loaded rats and its potential mechanism.Method:One hundred and fifteen SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group (n=20) and modeling group. Modeling group was given copper sulfate feed (1 g·kg-1·d-1) and 0.185%copper sulfate solution (0.02 mL·g-1·d-1) for 12 weeks after one week's adaptive feeding, so as to build the copper loaded rats model. After modeling, 95 model rats were randomly divided into model group (n=45), which were fed by modeling method for continuously four weeks; GDD group and penicillamine (PCA) group (n=25 per group). GDD group and PCA group were given GDD(0.4 g·kg-1·d-1) and PCA (0.09 g·kg-1·d-1) by gavage for four weeks. The hepatic tissues of rats in each group were removed after final medication for further research: inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) was used to detect the content of Cu element in rat livers. Htoxylin eosin(HE) staining was used to detect the pathological changes of rat liver. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of oxidative stress. Western blot was used to detect protein expressions in Wnt/β-catenin of rat livers.Result:Compared with model group, content of Cu element in GDD group was less (P<0.05); compared with model group, content of Cu element in PCA group was less (P<0.01). The hepatic cells of model group showed different sizes, disordered arrangement and partial loss of hepatic cord compared with normal group; the hepatic injuries of GDD and PCA group were significantly lower than model group.Compared with model group, 8-Hydroxyguanosine, Nitrotyrosine protein positive expression in GDD and PCA group were significantly less (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the expression quantities of β-catenin, p-glycogen synthase kinase-3β(p-GSK3β), cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene(c-Myc) in GDD and PCA group increased, while p-β-catenin, Dishevelled3, GSK3β protein expressions reduced (P<0.01).Conclusion:GDD can relieve liver damage by promoting excessive copper discharge. GDD decoction can promote the compensatory self-healing of the injured liver tissue by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the hepatic tissue of Wilson disease model copper-loaded rats, so as to reduce the therapeutic effect of hepatocellular injury induced by high copper.关键词：Wilson disease;Gandou decoction;Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway;hepatic injury
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Experimental Study on Treatment of Wilson's Disease with Gandou Decoction
- 摘要：Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of capsaicin on the growth of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells transplanted tumour in nude mice and its possible molecular mechanism.Method:Transplanted tumor model of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice were established. Then the tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: model group, and low, medium and high-dose capsaicin groups (5, 10, 20 mg·kg-1). Mice of low, medium and high-dose capsaicin groups (5, 10, 20 mg·kg-1) were intraperitoneally injected with the corresponding dose of capsaicin, and the model group was injected with the same volume of phosphate buffer saline (PBS), once every 3 days, for a total of 8 times in succession. Body weight of mice and transplantation tumor volume were measured before each injection of capsaicin. Mice of each group were put to death 24 h after the last administration, and then the tumor volume, mass and the tumor inhibitory rate were calculated. The protein expression levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and Toll-like receptors 4(TLR4) were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Result:No significant difference was observed between each group in body weight. However, compared with the model group, capsaicin (5, 10, 20 mg·kg-1) remarkably inhibited the tumor volume and mass (P<0.05, P<0.01), and increased the tumor inhibitory rate (P<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. Capsaicin (5, 10, 20 mg·kg-1) also markedly inhibited the protein expression levels of HMGB1 and TLR4 (P<0.01).Conclusion:Capsaicin remarkably inhibits the growth of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells transplanted tumour in nude mice, and the possible mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of HMGB1 and TLR4 at the protein level.关键词：capsaicin;breast cancer;transplanted tumor in nude mice;high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1);Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To investigate the effect of capsaicin on proliferation in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells and its possible molecular mechanism.Method:Capsaicin (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 μmol·L-1) groups and blank group were set up. The cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay after SMMC-7721 cells were treated with capsaicin (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 μmol·L-1) for 24, 48, 72 h. The morphological changes were observed under an inverted microscope after SMMC-7721 cells were treated with capsaicin (150, 200, 250 μmol·L-1) for 24 h. The mRNA expression levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interleukin-6(IL-6) were measured by Real-time PCR after SMMC-7721 cells were treated with capsaicin (150, 200, 250 μmol·L-1) for 24 h. The levels of HMGB1 and IL-6 in cell culture supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) after SMMC-7721 cells were treated with capsaicin (150, 200, 250 μmol·L-1) for 24 h.Result:Compared with the blank group, there was no significant difference between 50 and 100 μmol·L-1 capsaicin groups treated for 24, 48, 72 h; after treated with the other concentrations of capsaicin (150, 200, 250, 300 μmol·L-1) at different time points, the proliferation inhibition rate was statistically significant (P<0.05), with significant concentration and time-dependent effect; compared with the blank group, capsaicin (150, 200, 250 μmol·L-1) groups showed different degrees of morphological changes in SMMC-7721 cells, which became round and wrinkled, with a poor attachment and more exfoliation; compared with the blank group, the mRNA expressions of HMGB1 and IL-6 in SMMC-7721 cells of capsaicin (150, 200, 250 μmol·L-1) groups were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05), and the secretions of HMGB1 and IL-6 were significantly decreased in the supernatant (P<0.05).Conclusion:Capsaicin inhibits cell proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells, and the possible mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of HMGB1 and IL-6 at the mRNA and protein levels.关键词：capsaicin;SMMC-7721 cells;proliferation;high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1);interleukin-6(IL-6)
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To investigate the effect of capsaicin on the migration and invasion of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and the underlying molecular mechanism.Method:Three capsaicin intervention groups of different concentrations (25, 50, 75 μmol·L-1) and a blank group were set up. After MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of capsaicin (25, 50, 75 μmol·L-1) for 24 h, the cell migration and invasion abilities were assessed by Transwell migration and invasion assay, respectively. Meanwhile, the mRNA level of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) and DNA polymerase δ catalytic subunit p125 encoding gene POLD1 (POLD1) were detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). The protein levels of SIRT1 and DNA polymerase δ catalytic subunit p125 (p125) were detected by Western blot.Result:Compared with the blank group, the number of transmembrane cells was significantly reduced, and the mobility was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner after the intervention of capsaicin (25, 50, 75 μmol·L-1) in MCF-7 cells for 24 h. Capsaicin (25, 50, 75 μmol·L-1) significantly down-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1 (P<0.01) after intervention of capsaicin (25, 50, 75 μmol·L-1) in MCF-7 cells for 24 h. Furthermore, capsaicin (25, 50, 75 μmol·L-1) also significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of POLD1 and the protein expression of p125 (P<0.01) after intervention of capsaicin (25, 50, 75 μmol·L-1) in MCF-7 cells for 24 h.Conclusion:Capsaicin remarkably inhibits the cell migration and invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and the possible mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of SIRT1 and POLD1 mRNA expression levels and SIRT1 and p125 protein expression levels.关键词：capsaicin;breast cancer;migration and invasion;silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1);DNA polymerase δ catalytic subunit p125 encoding gene POLD1 (POLD1);DNA polymerase δ catalytic subunit p125 (p125)
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Malignant tumors are major chronic diseases that threaten human health worldwide and one of the most serious public health problems in China and even in the world in the 21st century. How to effectively control and even cure tumors is also one of the most essential problems in the medical field today. Currently, although surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy remain the main therapies, the accompanying adverse events of chemotherapy and radiotherapy cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is of great significance to find new anti-tumor targeted drugs with a low toxicity and strong effects. Capsaicin is a plant base of fat-soluble vanillin amide isolated from Solanaceae. Its chemical structure is trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide (C18H27NO3), a type of monoclinic rectangular flake of colorless crystals, which is the main biologically active ingredient in peppers. Capsaicin has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidation, prevention of cardiovascular disease, protection of gastrointestinal mucosa, analgesia, anti-inflammation, itching relief and even anti-tumor. Numerous studies indicated that capsaicin has significant anti-tumor effects in vivo and in vitro. Capsaicin can play a chemopreventive role by regulating the metabolism of carcinogens and the interaction of carcinogens with DNA. As well, capsaicin was proven to play an anti-tumor effect by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell cycle arrest, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, regulating tumor cell autophagy and mediating of tumor immunity. In this paper, we searched, analyzed, and summarized domestic and foreign literatures relating to capsaicin in recent years. We reviewed the effect of capsaicin on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell cycle arrest, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, regulating tumor cell autophagy and mediating of tumor immunity, as well as the underlying main molecular mechanisms, so as to provide scientific and theoretical basis for further research, development and utilization of capsaicin.关键词：capsaicin;anti-tumor activity;molecular mechanism
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Topic on Antitumor Research of Capsaicin
- 摘要：Objective:To explore the protective effect and mechanism of modified Dahuang Zhechong Wan on renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with obstructive nephropathy.Method:The unilateral ureteral ligation (UUO)-induced renal interstitial fibrosis model was adopted, 50 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham operation group, model group, enalapril group (0.001 g·kg-1), and high and low-dose modified Dahuang Zhechong Wan group (19, 9.5 g·kg-1). Rats in each group were put to death on the 15th day after operation. The serum levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) were collected by enzyme method. The 24-hour urine was collected for 24-hour urinary protein quantity(24 h-Upro) by pyrogallol red molybdenum end point. The kidney tissue was removed from the ligated side. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were performed; the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth actin (α-SMA) were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Expressions of TGF-β1, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) were detected by Western blot.Result:Compared with Sham group, UUO group showed a significant increase in 24 h-Upro, SCr, and BUN (P<0.01), the renal tissue damage was severe under light microscope, and TGF-β1, FN, and α-SMA were increased obviously (P<0.05); TGF-β1, p38 MAPK, and p-p38 MAPK were increased obviously (P<0.05). Compared with the UUO group, 24 h-Upro, SCr, BUN decreased obviously (P<0.05); renal tissue damage was alleviated; TGF-β1, FN and α-SMA decreased obviously (P<0.05); TGF-β1 and p-p38 decreased obviously (P<0.05).Conclusion:Modified Dahuang Zhechong Wan may improve renal interstitial fibrosis by reducing the high expressions of FN and α-SMA, down-regulating the expressions of p-p38 MAPK and TGF-β1 in p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and decreasing extracellular matrix over deposition and renal cell damage.关键词：modified Dahuang Zhechong Wan;transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1);α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA);p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK);phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK);renal interstitial fibrosis
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To study the effects of Fengshi Qutong capsule (FSQTC) on proliferation, migration, adhesion, invasion and secretion of human synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and explore its mechanism.Method:Human synovial cells (MH7A) in RA patients were induced in vitro by using TNF-α (20 μg·L-1). After treatment with different concentrations of FSQTC (0.02, 0.1, 0.5 μg·L-1), MTT colorimetric assay, transwell migration, adhesion and invasion tests were used to detect the proliferation, migration, adhesion and invasion of the MH7A, respectively. The expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in MH7A supernatant were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Result:As compared with blank control group, TNF-α (20 μg·L-1) significantly increased the proliferation, migration, adhesion, invasion and secretion of IL-1β and VEGF of MH7A cells (P<0.01). FSQTC (0.02, 0.1, 0.5 μg·L-1) had no significant effect on proliferation of TNF-α-induced MH7A cells after treatment for 24 hours. After 48 hours of treatment, proliferation of MH7A cells induced by TNF-α was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05, P<0.01). Within 24 hours, the migration, adhesion, invasion, invasion, and secretion of IL-1 and VEGF in MH7A cells were also decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion:FSQTC can inhibit the proliferation, migration, adhesion, invasion and secretion of IL-1β and VEGF in MH7A cells.关键词：Fengshi Qutong capsule;human synovial cell (MH7A);proliferation;migration;invasion;adhesion
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Mailuoning Compound for treatment of early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (SONFH) in rats by obturator nerve block.Method:24 rats were injected with endotoxin 10 μg·kg-1 through tail vein. After 24 hours, prednisolone acetate 20 mg·kg-1 was given by intraperitoneal injection, once every 24 hours for 3 consecutive days. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into the model group (n=12), the treatment group (n=12) and the normal control group (n=6). In the treatment group, 2 mL·kg-1 of Mailuoning compound was injected into the obturator nerve from the 4th day, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The arterial blood was collected from rats on the first day of the 9th week after model building to detect the content of blood lipid; the femoral head was taken to prepare the paraffin section, and the pathological changes of femoral head was observed and the changes of empty bone lacuna rate, bone trabecular area and bone lacuna area were quantitatively analyzed; The changes of bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs), transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF), and Ⅷ factor related antigen(Ⅷ-R Ag) were quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemical method.Result:In the model group, the bone trabeculae were sparse, thin, disorganized and broken; some of the bone cells were necrotic and the number of empty bone lacunae was increased. In the treatment group, the number of trabeculae was increased; the structure was clear, most of which was normal bone cells, with a few necrotic bone cells, and the number of empty bone lacunae was decreased obviously. The rate of empty bone lacuna and the area of bone lacuna in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05); the positive area ratio of VEGF, BMPs, TGF-β1 and the microvessel density of Ⅷ-R Ag in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the model group (P<0.05), with significantly lower blood lipid contents (P<0.05).Conclusion:Mailuoning compound can improve the microcirculation state of femoral head, promote the formation of new bone and blood vessel in femoral head by regulating the expression of VEGF, BMPs, TGF-β1, Ⅷ-R Ag and down-regulating blood lipid content, thus effectively controlling the development of early SONFH. This can provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of early SONFH.关键词：Mailuoning compound;obturator nerve block;steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Pharmacology
- 摘要：Objective:To observe the short-term and long-term clinical effect of modified Wufu Maxin Guijiang decoction treatment to chronic nonspecific low back pain (NLBP) with syndrome of cold dampness and stasis, and to investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory and analgesia.Method:One hundred and nineteen eligible patients were randomly divided into control group (59 cases) and observation group (60 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got acupuncture treatment and pilates. Based on the treatment in control group, patients in observation received additional modified Wufu Maxin Guijiang decoction, 1 dose/day. The course of treatment was 6 weeks in both groups. Before and after treatment, scores of short-form McGill pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Oswestry disability index (ODI), Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) and syndrome of cold dampness were graded. After treatment, the patients made self efficacy assessment. Levels of thromboxane 2 (TXB2), 6-Keto-PGFla, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins-1β (IL-1β) were detected both before and after treatment.Result:After treatment, the rank sum test showed that the clinical efficacy in observation group was better than that in control group (Z=2.226, P<0.05), and the self efficacy assessment showed the efficacy in observation group was also better than that in control group(Z=2.104, P<0.05). Scores of SF-MPQ, PRI, VAS, PPI, ODI and syndrome of cold dampness and stasis in observation group were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01), and score of JOA was higher than that in control group (P<0.01). Levels of TXB2, TNF-α and IL-1β and TXB2/6-Keto-PGFla were lower than those in control group (P<0.01), and the level of 6-Keto-PGFla was higher than that in control group (P<0.01).Conclusion:Based on the acupuncture treatment and pilates, modified Wufu Maxin Guijiang decoction in the treatment of chronic NLBP can ameliorate symptoms of pain, promote the recovery of function, and enhance activity of daily living in a short term, reduce the recurrence and stabilize the disease condition in a long term, with certain effects of anti-inflammatory and analgesia.关键词：nonspecific low back pain;syndrome of cold dampness and stasis;modified Wufu Maxin Guijiang decoction;recrudescence
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Jieyu Tongluo decoction on post-stroke depression (PSD) and its regulatory effect on neurotransmitter.Method:One hundred and twenty-five patients with PSD were randomly divided into control group (62 cases) and observation group (63 cases) by random number table. Both groups got psychological support, health education, and sertraline hydrochloride tablets, 25-50 mg/time, 2 times/days. Patients in control group got Shugan Jieyu capsules, 2 grains/time, 2 times/days. Patients in observation group got Jieyu Tongluo decoction, 1 dose/day. And a course of treatment was 6 weeks. Before and after treatment, hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), national institutes of health stroke scale (NHISS), traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome and activity of daily living scale (ADL) were scored. And levels of 5-serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serum S100-β and neuron enolase (NES) were detected.Result:By rank sum test, after treatment, the clinical efficacy of observation group was superior to that in control group (Z=2.384, P<0.01). Scores of HAMD-17 and PHQ-9 were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Score of HAMD-17 was lower than that in control group (Z=2.266, P<0.05), and score of PHQ-9 was lower than that in control group (Z=2.817, P<0.05). And scores of NHISS, TCM syndromes, serum S100 β and neuron enolase (NES) were lower than those in control group (P<0.01), while levels of ADL, 5-HT, DA, NE and BDNF were all higher than those in control group (P<0.01).Conclusion:In addition to psychotherapy and SSRI, Jieyu Tongluo decoction can relieve degree of depression, depressive symptoms and degree of neurologic impairment, increase activities of daily living, regulate neurotransmitter expression, and improve the reparation of cranial nerve tissue, with obvious clinical effects, and is worthy to be used in clinic.关键词：post-stroke depression;Jieyu Tongluo decoction;Sinisan;Taohong Siwutang;neurotransmitter;nerve function;activities of daily living
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Clinic
- 摘要：Objective:To investigate the pharmacokinetics and the distribution in tumor tissues of docetaxel nanomicelles.Method:The docetaxel nanomicelles was prepared by filming-rehydration method.HPLC was employed to determine the content of docetaxel in biological samples and the corresponding methodological evaluation was carried out.The mouse Lewis lung carcinoma model was established, when dosage of administration in tail vein was 20 mg·kg-1, and then the effect of free drug(DTX), non-pH-sensitive drug-loaded micelles(PELA-DTX) and pH-sensitive drug-loaded micelles(PBAE-DTX) on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of tumor-bearing mice were investigated.Result:The docetaxel nanomicelles(PELA-DTX and PBAE-DTX) were successfully prepared.The method for the determination of docetaxel in mice was established by HPLC, the linearity, precision of the method and the recovery rate of samples all met the requirements.In the pharmacokinetic study, the plasma concentration of PBAE-DTX was always at a high level within 24 h. Compared with PELA-DTX and DTX, the areas under the curve(AUC0-∞) of PBAE-DTX were increased by 3.63% and 8.96%, the mean residence times(MRT) were extended by 2.86% and 6.43%, the half-life and the drug blood circulation time were prolonged.In the tissue distribution study, it was found that three docetaxel preparations were distributed in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and tumor tissue within 1 h after administration, but the distribution of these drugs in the tissues was reduced along with the extension of time, the accumulation of PBAE-DTX in tumor tissue was significantly higher than that in DTX and PELA-DTX at 24 h.Conclusion:PBAE-DTX can prolong the circulation time of docetaxel in the blood, increase its bioavailability, and significantly increase its distribution in tumor tissue.关键词：docetaxel;pH-sensitive drug-loaded micelles;pharmacokinetics;tissue distribution;paclitaxel;tumor tissue;tail intravenous injection
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Drug Metabolism
- 摘要：Objective:To prepare oxymatrine phospholipid complex solid lipid nanoparticles(OMT-PC-SLN) lyophilized powder and evaluate its pharmaceutical properties.Method:Pseudo-ternary phase diagram was employed to optimize the formula of microemulsion; single factor experiments were adopted to optimize the formulation process of OMT-PC-SLN lyophilized powder with encapsulation efficiency as index; the morphology of this preparation was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). The particle size was measured by particle size analyzer and the in vitro release performance of OMT-PC-SLN lyophilized powder was examined.Result:Optimal formulation process was as following: taking soybean phospholipid and polyethylene glycol 15-hydroxystearate(Kolliphor HS 15) as the emulsifier, ethanol as co-emulsifier, ratio of emulsifier to co-emulsifier(Km)=3∶2, oil phase∶(emulsifier+ co-emulsifier)=1∶9, oxymatrine phospholipid complex-stearic acid-soybean phospholipid-Kolliphor HS 15-ethanol(30∶100∶180∶360∶360); taking 50 mL of 4%mannitol solution as the external aqueous phase, ice bath stirring at 1 000 r·min-1 and solidifying for 1 h, precooled at -20 ℃ for 24 h, took out and dried for 24 h. OMT-PC-SLN lyophilized powder was spherical in appearance with encapsulation efficiency of (38.09±1.24)%, average particle size of 785.5 nm, polydispersity coefficient(PDI) of 0.456 and the Zeta potential of -24.82 mV.The cumulative release rates of OMT-PC-SLN lyophilized powder were 72.63%at 2 h and 98.42%at 12 h; the cumulative release rate of oxymatrine(crude drug) was 98.60%at 2 h.Conclusion:This optimized formulation process of OMT-PC-SLN lyophilized powder is stable with good repeatability; compared with oxymatrine, OMT-PC-SLN lyophilized powder has a certain sustained-release effect.关键词：oxymatrine phospholipid complex;pseudo-ternary phase diagram;solid lipid nanoparticles;lyophilized powder;in vitro release performance;encapsulation efficiency;lyoprotectant
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To establish a quality control method of standard decoction of Aurantti Fructus Immaturus(AFI), and to provide reference for quality evaluation of AFI dispensing granules and other related products of AFI.Method:A total of 16 batches of AFI pieces with different quality were collected from the market, including 13 batches of Citrus aurantium and 3 batches of C. sinensis, and the standard decoction of AFI was prepared according to the standard decoction process.Transfer rate of synephrine, dry extract rate and others of the standard decoction were regarded as evaluation indicators and relative assessment are conducted.Result:Transfer rates of synephrine in 13 batches of standard decoction of AFI(C. aurantium) were ranged from 35.7% to 92.7% with the average value was 61.9%; dry extract rates were varied from 20.7% to 43.8% and the average value was 28.4%; pH values were 4.48-5.32 with the average value was 4.99; the HPLC fingerprint similarities were >0.9 by comparing with the corresponding control fingerprint, 6 common peaks were found and 3 of them were identified as naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin.Transfer rates of synephrine in 3 batches of standard decoction of AFI(C. sinensis) were changed from 53.1% to 84.4%, and the average value was 73.2%; dry extract rates were shifted from 13.8% to 17.6% and the average value was 15.4%; pH values were 4.77-5.38 with the average value was 5.06; the HPLC fingerprint similarities were >0.9 by comparing with the corresponding control fingerprint, 2 common peaks were found and one of them were identified as hesperidin.Conclusion:From the HPLC fingerprint of standard decoction of AFI, we can easily understand that the number of peaks in C. aurantium is obviously more than that of C. sinensis.This method has good precision, reproducibility and stability, it is suitable for quality evaluation for related products of AFI.Simultaneously, the research provides a good reference for identifying sources of AFI.关键词：Aurantii Fructus Immaturus;standard decoction;dispensing granules;quality evaluation;synephrine;dry extract rate;source of Chinese herbs
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:The solubilization of 4 compounds(Euphorbia factor L1, L2, L3 and L8), caused by mixed micelles self-assembled from fatty oil of Euphorbiae Semen and bile salt of intestinal juice, was researched in the simulated human intestinal environment.Method:The mixed micelles were prepared with different amounts of fatty oil of Euphorbiae Semen.The transmission electron microscope(TEM) was used to observe the morphology of the micelles.Particle size detector was used to determine the particle size and Zeta potential.HPLC was used to assay the solubility of these 4 compounds.The variation tendency of the total dissolution of these 4 compounds with the change of standing time was observed.Result:Particle size of the mixed micelles was uniform and its morphology was spherical.The absolute values of Zeta potential were less than 20 mV.When the amount of sodium deoxycholate was fixed 4.96 g·L-1, the solubility of these 4 compounds with the concentration of fatty oil at 0.1-4 g·L-1 were significantly greater than that at the dosage of 0 g·L-1.The solubility of these 4 compounds in the micelles formed by fatty oil was 1.3 to 4 times as much as the micelles without fatty oil.The micelles was stable for 36 h.Conclusion:The micelles self-assembled from fatty oil of Euphorbiae Semen and bile salt of intestinal juice, have significant solubilization effect on Euphorbia factor L1, L2, L3 and L8.This research can lay the foundation for clarifying the detoxification mechanism of removing fatty oil and making frostlike powder from the perspective of pharmaceutics.关键词：Euphorbiae Semen;fatty oil;bile salt;mixed micelles;solubilization;diterpene esters;Euphorbia factors
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Pharmacy and Processing
- 摘要：Objective:To establish the fingerprint of Epimedium wushanense by HPLC, and study the comprehensive quality of E. wushanense by combining principal components, factors and cluster analysis, so as to provide theoretical basis for its quality evaluation.Method:The chromatographic column was Agilent infinitylab poroshell 120 SB-C18 (3.0 mm× 100 mm, 2.7 μm), the flow phase was acetonitrile (A)-water (B) with a gradient of 0-5 min, 25%-26%A; 5-6 min, 26%-34%A; 6-11 min, 34%-38.5%A; 11-17 min, 38.5%-100%A; 17-20 min, 100%A, the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min- 1, the detection wavelength was 270 nm, and the column temperature was 30 ℃.Result:The cluster analysis better classified E. wushanense from different producing areas. E. wushanense from Guizhou province and E. wushanense from Chongqing were classified as class Ⅱ. E. wushanense from Guizhou province and Chongqing were far apart, indicating that the quality of E. wushanense varies from place to place affected by environment and climate. The results of principal component analysis showed that the quality of E. wushanense produced in Chongqing was better than that of E. wushanense produced in Guizhou. Among them, CQWS-02 (Yaque village, Guanyang town, Wushan county, Chongqing) and CQWS-10 (Hewan, Guanyang town, Wushan county, Chongqing) can be considered in the selection of high-quality varieties. In addition, No.1 common peak (epimedin A), No.2 common peak (epimedin B), No.4 common peak (icariin) and No.5 common peak (unknown component) in the fingerprint of the test samples could be used as the evaluation index components of E. wushanense quality.Conclusion:Principal components, factors and cluster analysis are used to achieve the rapid analysis, and their respective advantages are brought into full play for mutual verification and supplement. And the quality of E. wushanense in different origins can be comprehensively evaluated in all-round ways.关键词：Epimedium wushanense;high performance liquid phase;fingerprint;principal component analysis;cluster analysis
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To identify the chemical constituents of Pinelliae Rhizoma(BX)by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS).Method:Chromatograpic separation was performed on a shim-pack xR-ODS Ⅲ column (2.1 mm×75 mm, 1.6 μm) using a gradient elution program with mixtures of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid-water as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.25 mL·min-1. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was developed for rapid and high-throughput screening of the preliminary chemical profile of BX in positive ion modes.Result:Ninety chemical components were found in BX, according to the accurate Charge-mass Ratio and the MS/MS data, retention time of reference standard, references or databases, the fragmentation regularities of mass spectra. Eighty were identified preliminarily, including 7 alkaloids, 8 poly-alcohols, 12 fatty glycerides, 5 flavonoids, 12 lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), 10 alcohol amines, 11 amino acids, 11 amides and 4 other type.Conclusion:LPCs were first found in BX. Because BX has certain toxicity, it is found that BX contains LPCs by analyzing the chemical constituents of BX, which can cause inflammatory reaction and neuronal myelin sheath loss and degeneration. Therefore, the analysis of the chemical composition of BX can explain the causes of the toxicity and provide a foundation for the basic research and quality control of the potency of BX.关键词：UPLC-Q-TOF-MS;Pinelliae Rhizoma;chemical components;toxicity
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To establish HPLC fingerprint of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with different commercial specifications and to provide the basis for the division of commercial grades and the quality control of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix on the market.Method:The market investigation and literature research were used to understand the existing situation of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix goods.Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix goods were divided into three commercial specifications according to the source and appearance, such as Canqiang, Tiaoqiang and Datouqiang.Fingerprint of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with different commercial specifications was established by HPLC-PDA, the mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-0.3% acetic acid in a gradient elution mode.Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine(version of 2004A) was used to confirm the common peaks and evaluate the similarity.SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used to make principal component analysis(PCA) for HPLC fingerprint pattern.Result:The common mode of fingerprint for Canqiang, Tiaoqiang and Datouqiang were established separately.A total of 22 common peaks were marked in Canqiang, 23 common peaks were marked in Tiaoqiang, 29 common peaks were marked in Datouqiang.The result of similarity evaluation and PCA showed that the quality of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with the same commercial specification was stable.There were great differences in chemical compositions and their contents among Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with different commercial specifications.Conclusion:The fingerprint method can well distinguish commercial specifications of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, and it can provide the basis for the division of commercial grades and the quality control of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix.关键词：Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix;commercial specification;fingerprint;principal component analysis;chlorogenic acid;nodakenin;isoimperatorin
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：Objective:To study the variation patterns of rhizospheric soil nutrient and the content of nutrient elements for Fritillaria taipaiensis, in order to provide the theoretical base for the soil improvement and balanced fertilization during the artificial cultivation.Method:Totally 14 samples of rhizospheric soil of Fritillaria taipaiensis from different origins and years were taken as the research objects. Total N, available N, total P, available P, total K, available K, organic matter, pH and 7 nutrient element contents (Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn, Cu and Ni) were analyzed by the soil agrochemical analysis method combined with the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. SPSS 22.0 software was applied for data multiple comparison and correlation analysis.Result:The all results showed significant differences (P<0.05) and certain relative correlations between samples of different origins or years, and the rhizospheric soil nutrient or the content of nutrient elements of F. taipaiensis. The content of total N, available N, total P, available P and organic matter of rhizospheric soil collected from cultivated varieties decreased with the increase of years, and the content of total K, available K and pH decreased first and then increased. However, the soil physical and chemical properties of wild varieties had no obvious change with the increase of years. The content of Ca, Mg, Na and Cu of soil from cultivated varieties decreased with the increase of years, while the content of Mn decreased first and then increased. And Zn and Ni showed no significant change with the increase of years. Compared with cultivated varieties, the content of Ca, Mg, Na, Mn and Cu increased first and then decreased. The content of Zn and Ni showed no obvious change. In general, the rhizospheric soil nutrient and the content of nutrient elements for wild F. taipaiensis were superior to those of cultivated varieties.Conclusion:The third year is the turning point of F. taipaiensis growth. The rhizospheric soil nutrient and the content of nutrient elements decreased obviously after three years. Attention shall be given to the balanced fertilization, the improvement of soil quality and the prevention of the cropping during cultivation of F. taipaiensis.关键词：Fritillaria taipaiensis;soil nutrients;nutrient elements;growth years;cultivated variety;wild variety
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Resource and Quality Evaluation
- 摘要：Objective:To explore drug utilizing regularity of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in treating and preventing asthenopia by analyzing the patent status of TCM in the field of asthenopia control for nearly 20 years.Method:Global patents about TCM in treating and preventing asthenopia were systematic searched in IncoPat platform.The application trend, legal status and categories of patents were analyzed.Meanwhile, the oral prescriptions and external prescriptions were performed correlation index analysis by IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0, respectively; the difference of compatibility rules between them was compared.Result:The number of global patents in treating and preventing asthenopia gradually increased, and the proportion of patents from China was more than 99%.The main patent applications were pharmaceutical composition, oral preparation, external eye patch and so on, but the ratio of licensed patents in total patents was low.In term of drug utilizing regularity, the oral prescriptions paid much attention to using TCM for nourishing the liver and kidney, while external prescriptions highlighted relieving sickness heat and detoxification.Conclusion:Patents of TCM in treating and preventing asthenopia has been kept increasing in recent years, but the authorization rate is low.Formulation based on TCM theory can be statistically summarized, which can be helpful for the development of anti-asthenopia products.关键词：asthenopia;traditional Chinese medicine;patent;drug utilizing regularity;nourishing the liver and kidney;removing heat to brighten vision;oral preparations
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Data Mining
- 摘要：The application of thin layer chromatography(TLC) in Chinese Pharmacopoeia experienced from scratch to less to more, but the proportion of thin layer chromatographic scanning used in recent editions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia has decreased.With the further improvement of the quality standard system of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), the shortcomings of TLC identification methods have been gradually revealed, such as the low penetration rate of instrument, poor repeatability and stability of the results, lower identification speed than high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and so on.Thus it gradually became untimely.In the process of formulating quality standard control of TCM, researchers should not be conformist, and TLC identification should not be a necessary choice for the qualitative identification.And HPLC has the possibility to completely replace TLC, but TLC can be used as a supplement to HPLC.In order to fully lower testing cost, shorten testing cycle, improve the efficiency of identification, we suggested quality standard system of TCM should be sharply reduced TLC identification method and increased identification of HPLC characteristic spectrum; and try to do "one condition, one map" . Unless absolutely necessary, national quality standards(such as Chinese Pharmacopoeia) should use TLC identification as a recommended method rather than a mandatory standard.关键词：thin layer chromatography;quality standards;high performance liquid chromatography;Chinese Pharmacopoeia;characteristic spectrum
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Academic Discussion
- 摘要：Psoraleae Fructus (Buguzhi) is dried mature fruit of Psoralea corylifolia. It is spicy and bitter in favor and warm in nature, and distributed to kidney and spleen meridians. Psoralea Fructus has the effects of warming kidney and tonifying Yang, absorbing Qi and relieving asthma, warming spleen and stopping diarrhea; for external use, it can remove beverage. It is mainly used to treat impotence and nocturnal emission cold and knee pain, kidney deficiency and asthma caused by kidney Yang deficiency; for external use, it can treat vitiligo and alopecia areata. Its principle chemical components are coumarins, monoterpene phenols, flavonoids, with an estrogen-like effect as well as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor and immunomodulatory activities, and can be used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, bacterial infections, asthma and osteoarthritis. However, the long-term administration with large doses of psoralen have the potential risk of causing liver damage, with phototoxicity, nephrotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, which restricts its application in clinical therapy. Therefore, it is essential to fully understand the chemical composition and mechanism of psoralen. Through the review and summarization of literatures about psoralen at home and abroad, this article systematically reviews the chemical constituents and toxicity of Psoralea Fructus, provides Chinese and English names, structural formulas, molecular formulas, molecular weights, CAS numbers of the compounds and the toxicity information about psoralen reported in recent years, in order to provide a reference for further study on the compositional spectrum and pharmacokinetics, toxic kinetic studies and clinical medication safety of psoralen.关键词：Psoraleae Fructus;chemical components;toxicity;liver injury
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：With a clear efficacy in external treatment of diseases, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been widely applied in surgery, in acute, pediatric, gynecological, internal medicine and other departments. Its advantages include easy use, direct access to lesions, and prevent of the first-pass effect of the liver. However, its mechanism of action is still unclear, which impacts its clinical promotion. This article makes analysis and summary on the clinical application of TCM in external treatment of diseases, the characteristics of commonly used TCM in treatment of diseases, and the relationship of the common externally treated diseases and the " neurological-endocrine-immune network" . The findings showed that TCM for external treatment were widely used, with exact curative effects; the pathogenesis of commonly used TCM for externally treating diseases is closely related to the " neuro-endocrine-immune network" . Moreover, the modern pharmacological effects of TCM for externally treating diseases were found to be 100%related to the " neuro-endocrine-immune network" . According to the analysis of the relationship between the common diseases externally treated with TCM and the " neuro-endocrine-immune network" , the pathogenesis of the treatment with TCM is closely related to the " neuro-endocrine-immune network" . Therefore, we believe that the " neuro-endocrine-immune network" system is probably one of the main mechanisms of action of TCMs for externally treating diseases. The verification of this mechanism requires the joint efforts of various departments in conducting clinical or experimental verification in the future, so as to provide a reference for clarifying the mechanism of TCM for external use, and basis for the promotion and application of TCM for external use.关键词：external use of traditional Chinese medicine;mechanism of action;neurological-endocrine-immune network
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发布时间：2021-02-09 - 摘要：At present, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has attracted more and more attention from the international community.The demand for TCM is increasing in the world.The hidden dangers of potential quality and safety of TCM are also becoming increasingly prominent.Aflatoxin contamination has become one of the important factors affecting the safety of Chinese herbal medicines, and it will fundamentally affect human health and life safety.A variety of methods are used to reduce aflatoxins, however, there are few suitable methods that can be widely used in the cost-effective and large-scale promotion of Chinese herbal medicines.Therefore, it is of great significance to continue to study measures to solve the pollution problems of Aspergillus flavus and its toxins.This article summarizes the hazards and contamination status of aflatoxin, the prevention and control of the growth of A. flavus, and the measures for reducing aflatoxin, and looks ahead to the future prevention and control of A. flavus and its toxins, aiming at providing ideas for the pollution problem of A. flavus and its toxin, to ensure the quality of Chinese herbal medicines, so as to ensure clinical safety medication.关键词：aflatoxin;prevention and control;Chinese herbal medicines;security;Aspergillus flavus;microbes;degradation
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发布时间：2021-02-09
Review
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